防止氯乙烯转化器的腐蚀

氯乙烯合成转化器常因原料气干燥不合格,触媒要经常结块,造成转化器渗漏堵塞停产停车的生产被动局面。为此,对转化器使用采取了下述方法,取得一些成效。 (1)严格控制原料气流量稳定 一般转化合成气温度应不超过160℃,以避免转化器列管和管板高温膨胀,使转化器管板处渗漏。 (2)保持HgCl_2触媒的干燥 由于转化器必须定期翻换触媒,因触媒     

降低电石法氯乙烯合成用触媒单耗的措施

介绍了电石法氯乙烯生产过程中,降低氯乙烯合成用低汞触媒单耗的各种措施,如降低原料气中水及杂质的含量,控制转化器的反应温度,强化低汞触媒的填装管理和转化器的运行管理,处理转化器泄漏的应急措施等。     

提高氯乙烯转化效率的攻关

针对氯乙烯转化效率低及触媒消耗较高的问题,对转化装置进行了一系列整改,包括提高原料气质量、改善转化器工况、优化转化器操作等。改造后转化器泄漏次数减少,触媒使用寿命延长,触媒单耗降低,节约成本157.81万元/a。     

氯乙烯生产中转化器及触媒的合理使用与管理

介绍了氯乙烯合成过程中转化器的使用情况,从转化器开停车、泄漏处理、转化器负荷调整、触媒的合理使用等方面提出了具体管理措施。     

氯乙烯转化器HCl／C2H2控制

氯乙烯转化器ＨＣｌ／Ｃ_２Ｈ_２控制郭恭厚（盐锅峡化工厂，甘肃永靖县，７３１６０１）我厂氯乙烯转化器是生产ＰＶＣ的重要设备，原料气ＨＣＩ和ＣｌＨ。的比值控制是十分重要的，原采用常规仪表进行调节，效果不理想，后采用ＳＬＰＣ－１７１。Ｅ可编程调节器，组成了...     

解决氯乙烯转化器蚀漏问题的途径

对电石法中氯乙烯转化器长期以来存在腐蚀泄漏的老大难问题进行了分析并提出了改进管式反应器的三点意见，再由此推出双管板管式反应器和冷管式触媒床反应器。     

氯乙烯合成转化器影响因素的分析与改进

介绍了氯乙烯合成过程中转化器的使用情况,从转化器的循环用水、催化剂触媒的装载、活化、转化器测温点的设置、转化器通气量以及转化器出现泄漏后的处理等方面进行了分析,从而使转化器的使用效果达到最优化。     

浅谈提高单体转化器使用寿命的措施

通过改进氯乙烯转化器结构、重新选材、控制混合气及触媒含水量、维护转化器热水系统，并合理调节单台转化器气体流量等措施，提高了转化器的使用寿命，降低了触媒消耗，提高了氯乙烯单体产量，全年可多获效益270．19万元。     

氯乙烯转化器腐蚀原因探讨

从原料气脱水、循环热水、触媒含水及制造安装等方面对氯乙烯转化器的腐蚀泄漏原因进行了分析并提出了相应的改进措施：(1)增加酸雾过滤面积；(2)控制触媒含水量；(3)严格控制列管的制造和安装质量。     

氯乙烯转化工序异常现象分析

介绍了氯乙烯转化工序出现的转化器泄漏、腐蚀,触媒氯化汞流失、升华损失严重等异常现象,分析了问题的原因并提出了改进方案。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.