2014年《粉煤灰综合利用》征订启事(邮发代号18-213)

<正>《粉煤灰综合利用》杂志1987年创刊,是国内最早开展粉煤灰综合利用研究的科技期刊。广泛宣传国家及各级政府有关粉煤灰综合利用的方针政策法规。面向电力、建工、建材、能源、交通、农业、水利、环保、化工、大专院校等领域报道粉煤灰综合利用的新产品、新技术、新工艺、新设备,介绍国内外粉煤灰综合利用基础理论研究新成果和先进经验,促进我国粉煤灰综合利用工作的不断发展。主要栏目有:基础研究、专题研究、科学实验、工程应用、产品开发、生产技术、政策法     

IMMOBILIZATION OF ARSENIC IN COAL COMBUSTION FLY ASH LEACHATES

Characterization of baghouse fly ash produced from lignite in fluidized-bed combustion tests indicated that the presence of arsenic in the ash leachate was an environmental concern. The capacity of three chemical additives (lime, calcium sulfate, and nitric acid) to immobilize the arsenic in the fly ash was evaluated. Lime was judged to be the preferred means of arsenic immobilization because it required the lowest weight percent addition to significantly reduce the arsenic concentration in the leachate. Calcium arsenate solution chemistry and various arsenic immobilization mechanisms are also discussed.     

DESIGN AND CALIBRATION OF A STACK SAMPLER FOR OIL FLY ASH

A particle sampling system was developed for the collection of Fly ash the stacks of ail-fired electrical generation plants. The apparatus has a cyclone separator which is designed to provide a cutpoint of approximately 2.5 µ followed by a pulse jet fabric filter. Flow rate is a nominal 226 L/min (8 cfm).

The system was tested in the laboratory with monodisperse aerosols to determine the fractionation characteristics of the cyclone and the inlet probe. Efficiencies of three candidate filters were examined with clean media, with a dust cake and with the dust cake removed. Tests were conducted using monodisperse polystyrene aerosols of 0.50, 0.76 and 1.09 µ

The pulse Jet apparatus was checked by operating the system at a flow rate of 200 L/min, loading the filter with AC fine test dust, and determining the stable filter pressure drop as a function of pulse jet air pressure.     

PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS IN A FULL-SCALE FLY ASH SILO

In cooperation with the Danish electrical power supply organizations Elkraft and Elsam, test series have been carried out in a circular fly ash bin with a diameter of 16 m and a height of 28 m. The bin is emptied by an arrangement that causes sector-wise fluidizing inthe slightly inclined bottom. This silo has been equipped with 19 pressure cells to measure the total pressure, and the same number of pore pressure cells were made and mounted in accordance with theoretical and experimental results developed at the Department of Structural Engineering, Technical University of Denmark.

An interpretation of the test results shows that two types of flow field can exist, depending on certain conditions: one with mass flow and an almost rotationally symmetric pressure distribution, and one with partial funnel flow and a non-uniform pressure distribution. During flow it has been observed that the flow field can suddenly change between these two types. Such changes have been found to be connected with a considerable loss of potential energy, giving rise to dynamic phenomena in the structure. The measured pressure were generally within the range predicted by DIN 1055 except in the conical part of the silo.     

热致感应型形状记忆高分子材料的研究EI

主要探讨了热致感应型形状记忆高分子材料的记忆机理，并对几种形状记忆高聚物的实施方法进行了研究和探讨，认为该类材料集塑料－橡胶的特性于一体，在记忆温度下的行为与橡胶的弹性理论相一致。     

废腈纶水解物的制备与表征

腈纶经水解处理后可以制备出多种高附加值的产品,文中研究了聚丙烯腈碱法水解工艺的水解过程、水解程度,考察了水解工艺条件和水解配方对产物性能的影响。结果表明,m(PAN)／m(NaOH)／m(H2O)=1／0．6／5时,在95℃水解4h,得到含羧钠基、酰胺基等多种亲水性基团的均匀透明的无规共聚物水溶液。采用FT—IR、XRF、^13C-NMR等对产物进行了分析表征,进一步验证了试验结果。     

超临界水中废塑料的化学回收

论述了近年来废塑料在超临界水作用下的化学回收过程。介绍了超临界水的特性以及用超临界水对废塑料（PE、PP、PS）进行热解和部分氧化的工艺,以回收单体、油和氧化。指出我国应大力加强对该领域的研究。     

X射线衍射法测定聚合物材料取向EI

介绍了用X射线衍射法测定结晶聚合物材料取向度定义,单轴和双轴取向及其计算方法。     

基于格构模型的岩石类材料开裂数值模拟

采用二维格构模型模拟岩石类材料的开裂过程。格构模型将连续介质离散为由弹性杆或梁单元组成的二维格构网格,单元采用简单的本构关系和破坏准则,单元之间的参数可互有差异,以引入材料的非均质性。在外载作用下对整体网格进行线弹性分析,计算出格构中各单元的局部应力,超过断裂阈值的单元将破坏,材料的破坏过程通过单元的依次破坏来模拟。使用格构模型分析了单轴拉伸破坏和单边切口梁的剪切破坏。数值模拟结果表明,格构模型可作为岩石、混凝土类材料开裂分析的一种有效方法。     

ARTIFICIAL RETARDATION OF FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH BY THE INFILTRATION OF CRACKS BY FOREIGN MATERIALS

The effects of inducing artificial crack closure into fatigue cracks in AISI 304 stainless steel by infiltrating foreign materials have been investigated. The foreign materials used include pure epoxy resin and resin mixed with 0.3  μm and 4  μm TiO2 , 4  μm Fe, as well as 18  μm AISI 316L stainless steel. In all the cases studied, different degrees of crack growth retardation have been achieved. When the particle size was small enough or when the prop-opening load for infiltration was large enough, crack arrest occurred. Crack retardation and arrest were mainly caused by the infiltrated material rather than the propping load. A rigid-wedge model was found to have limited value in predicting the possible outcome of an infiltration. On the other hand, the degree of crack closure immediately on resumption of a test after infiltration could tell whether the treatment was going to be successful or not.     

工业炸药爆炸后有毒气体含量测定方法标准的讨论

炸药爆炸后有毒气体绝对生成量与相对含量是表征其排放水平的两种方法,前者不利于高爆容炸药的发展,建议改用后者并规定该指标限制在20%以下。对国内各主要工业炸药品种爆炸后有毒气体相对含量分别进行了测定,测定的统计结果为乳化炸药、粉状乳化炸药、膨化硝铵炸药、改性铵油炸药、水胶炸药和含退役火药的乳化炸药爆炸后有毒气体相对含量依次为9.72%、9.73%、17.5%、12.3%、10.6%和19.15%。     

压入法测定金属材料的杨氏模量

综述了无破坏法测定金属杨氏是的测定原理、测定方法和测定仪器并对这种测定方法进行了误差分析。     

用DSC鉴定高分子材料组成的研究

用DSC研究了标致汽车保险杆的组成。研究了试样从熔体淬火、加热速率、冷却速率、部分扫描、部分扫描→等温扫描对DSC曲线的影响,从而确定试样是两种高分子材料的共混物。经用Barta的添加热分析法鉴别,证实试样是聚丙烯和高密度聚乙烯的共混物,然后用红外光谱予以佐证。建立了用DSC确定高分子材料组成的一套方法。     

镁基储氢合金粉末的微包覆方法

研究出一种方法，在含Ｆ＾－的酸性溶液中，成功地在镁基储氢合金粉末颗粒表面包覆一层Ｎｉ－Ｐ复合层，并给出了最佳包覆条件，可以容易而有效地控制包覆量。包覆层有磷的含量为３－５％，采用Ｘ－射线衍射，扫描电镜分析、光电子能谱分析等方法对包覆层进行了检测。     

有机大分子在有序多孔材料制备中的应用

多孔性材料广泛用于阻隔材料、结构材料、催化剂材料、分离与吸附等领域。随着纳米技术的迅速发展，高度有序的多孔性材料由于其在光电子、新型催化荆、高效吸附荆和分离介质、电极材料、生物医学领域种种潜在的用途而倍受瞩目。如何快速、高效地制备有序多孔材料是一项艰巨的任务。文中主要介绍有机大分子在有序多孔材料制备中的应用。     

PROCESSING ASPECTS OF SHAPING ADVANCED MATERIALS BY ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING

The principles of applying electrical discharge in die-sinking and wire-cutting machines are reviewed. This technique causes material to be eroded by switching electrical current on and off between the tool and the work-piece through a dielectric fluid. For the case of metals and many ceramics and ceramic composites, the mechanism for this erosion is melting or perhaps evaporation/condensation. For refractory materials, a new mechanism for erosion, thermal spalling, was observed. The role of the dielectric fluid, its purity, and the proper nitration system are discussed. The effect of various operating conditions, including the current, pulse time duration, and wire feed rate, on the material removal rate and the surface quality is also reviewed. It was seen that EDM can be applied to machining advanced materials, including single phases and composites of ceramic/ceramic and ceramic/metal, if a minimum electrical conductivity is met.     

ANALYSIS OF AXISYMMETRIC FORGING OF POROUS MATERIALS BY THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

Axisymmetric forging of powdered-metal preforms was analyzed by the finite element method neglecting the effect of temperature on deformation. A remeshing program based on the area-weighted-average technique was developed and tested by simulating forging of the flange-hub shape. Then the analysis was performed for forging of a pulley blank. The detailed deformation characteristics for the different preform shapes under the two frictional conditions were obtained. A comparison between the prediction and the experiment regarding proper preform design to forge defect-free pulley blank demonstrates that the finite element analysis is useful for further developments in preform design in powdered-metal forging.     

膜材料的合金化改性

聚合物材料合金化是改善膜性能,拓宽膜材料使用范围的一种简便而有效的手段.文中对聚合物材料合金化对膜的一些物理化学性质的影响进行了探讨;并讨论了聚合物材料合金化对膜结构及膜的渗透性和选择性的影响.     

BRIEF TALK ON SITE CHOOSING OF WASTE EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS' DESTRUCTION BY EXPLOSION

爆炸法销毁废旧爆炸物品是一项重要而又危险的工作,对销毁方案的设计和销毁地点的选择都要缜密、慎重,对于其中各个环节都需要精心布置和安排;否则,不但不能有效彻底地销毁爆炸物品,而且还有可能发生事故和产生次生灾害.通过实例对“销毁地点选择”这个重要环节进行了阐述和分析比较,为今后类似销毁工作提供参考.     

用稳态卡计法对热控材料半球发射率的测试研究

利用稳态卡计法设计了一种测试材料半球发射率的试验装置,并对其进行了不确定度分析。使用该装置对二次表面镜（OSR）的室温半球发射率进行了测试,测试结果不确定度小于2．00％。同时,使用该装置测试了OSR与一种新型相变材料在190～350K间的半球发射率。