碳氮共渗及离子氮化H13钢的抗热疲劳性能

分别制备了调质、离子氮化和碳氮共渗处理的H13钢试样,借助X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪对其渗层进行了分析,检测了不同处理后H13钢的抗热疲劳性能.结果表明:经过1000次18℃→700℃热疲劳试验后,碳氮共渗H13钢表面萌生了少量的热裂纹;而离子氮化H13钢表面的热裂纹已经形成网状,并且穿透渗氮层扩展到基体内约300 μm;经调质处理的H13钢表面的热裂纹有轻微的发展,扩展到基体内约100μm;三种试样中碳氮共渗处理H13钢的抗热疲劳性能最好.     

碳氮共滲表面化学热处理工藝

在钢的表面化学热处理工艺中,碳氮共渗(气体氰化)是比渗碳法更先进的一种方法。它是把钢件放在含有60～90％。渗碳气体和20～40％氨的混合气体中,在500～700℃或750～900℃的温度下经过几小时的处理过程,使碳和氮同的渗透到钢另件的表层。如果采用低温碳氮共渗,那么工件不必经过淬火,就能得到坚硬的表层。如果采用高温碳氮共渗,那么在处理后接着淬火,可以在坚强的中心层上獲得很硬而良好的耐磨层。     

碳氮共渗对马氏体钢轴承内圈接触疲劳寿命和失效机理的影响

对GCr15马氏体钢轴承内圈分别进行常规热处理和碳氮共渗+深冷+回火处理(简称碳氮共渗处理),通过对比研究了碳氮共渗对试验钢接触疲劳寿命及失效机理的影响。结果表明：碳氮共渗处理内圈试样中的碳化物比起常规热处理内圈试样更加均匀、弥散、细化,表面显微硬度和残余应力均显著提高;碳氮共渗处理内圈试样的额定寿命L₁₀,特征寿命L_63.2和中值寿命L₅₀分别约为常规热处理内圈试样的5.3倍,6.7倍和6.6倍;常规热处理和碳氮共渗处理内圈试样的接触疲劳失效损伤机理均为剥落,碳氮共渗处理后的亚表面裂纹萌生位置更深,亚表面二次裂纹的萌生与主裂纹的扩展得到抑制,抗接触疲劳性能得到提升。     

20GrMnMo齿轮真空碳氮共渗热处理工艺及性能研究

介绍了真空碳氮共渗新技术的应用现状,对20GrMnMo齿轮试样进行了真空碳氮共渗热处理,并对其热处理后的形变量、硬度、冲击韧度、弯曲疲劳强度等力学性能与气体碳氮共渗普通热处理进行对比分析,结果表明:该技术不但能提高齿轮的力学性能,而且真空碳氮共渗技术需要的渗剂气体少,可大幅度降低废气的排放,既节约气体,又清洁环保,是一种优化的热处理工艺。     

煤油—尿素碳势自动控制碳氮共渗工艺

气体碳氮共渗是在增碳和增氮的气体介质中同时向钢件表面渗入碳和氮的化学热处理工艺,它与气体滲碳比较,具有良好的机械性能和一系列实用价值。研究碳势自动控制碳氮共渗对于提高共渗质量和进一步完善这项化学热处理工艺,具有一定的意义。R(?)—75气渗炉改造为滴注式可控气氛渗碳炉,又在炉盖上安装液压传动的球状尿素送料机构,试验成功了“气体软氮化”。在此基础上,实现碳势自动控制碳氮共渗。本文着重探讨煤油——尿素碳势自动控制碳氮共渗的基本原理,分析共渗工艺和效果。     

齿轮轴的氮碳共渗及复合处理工艺应用

对20CrMo钢齿轮轴零件进行氮碳共渗+淬、回火复合热处理。研究了热处理工艺,分析了渗层显微组织和渗层 表面硬度变化梯度,进行了耐磨性试验,并抽查了齿轮轴的变形。结果表明,变速箱齿轮轴经复合热处理工艺后,降低了 废品率,热处理质量较渗碳淬火的有较大提高。     

H13热作模具钢稀土硼碳氮多元共渗

对H13热作模具钢稀土硼碳氮共渗工艺进行了研究，并对其共渗层的组织、硬度及耐磨性和抗氧化性进行了测试与分析，结果表明与碳氮硼共渗工艺相比，稀土硼碳氮共渗层的硬度、耐磨性和抗氧化性明显提高。稀土元素的渗入不仅提高了渗层的硬度、耐磨性和抗氧化性，并且使过渡层的硬度变化减缓，增强了基体与共渗层的结合，为共渗层提供强有力的支撑作用。     

我国模具钢热处理与表面改性研究进展

四、化学热处理 化学热处理能有效地提高模具表面的耐磨性、耐蚀性、抗咬合、抗氧化性等性能。几乎所有的化学热处理工艺均可用于模具钢的表面处理。 1.渗碳和碳氮共渗 中高碳的低合金模具钢和高合金钢均可进行渗碳或碳氮共渗。 高碳低合金钢渗碳或碳氮共渗时,应尽可能选     

合金渗碳钢氮碳共渗处理的应用研究

针对20CrMo钢齿轮轴渗碳淬火存在的问题，提出了改进的氮碳共渗热处理工艺，生产使用结果表明，齿轮轴零件装配运转灵活，效果良好。     

汽车转向节热锻模的强韧化复合处理

某公司生产的汽车转向节用热锻模法制坯,其模具所用材料为5CrMnMo钢。用常规淬火和回火的热处理工艺,使用寿命低。通过工艺试验,采用碳氮共渗强韧化复合热处理工艺方法。经验证,该模具的各项使用性能均得到改善,使用寿命提高1．8倍,技术经济效益显著。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.     

Fractional order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking

This paper investigates a fractional terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking in the presence of inertia uncertainties and extern...     

奥氏体不锈钢表面双辉等离子渗锆的动力学

利用双辉等离子渗金属技术在0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制备了一层均匀、致密、呈良好冶金结合的渗锆合金层,并对1 060℃下的渗锆动力学进行了研究。结果表明:随着距锆合金层表面距离的增加,锆元素的含量呈梯度递减,扩散系数逐渐减小,而扩散激活能逐步增大;在1 060℃采用双辉等离子技术渗锆时,渗锆合金层表层的空位密度为2.945×(1012~1013)cm-2,与相同温度下采用常规渗金属工艺相比,提高了1~2个数量级。     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.