轧制工艺对CSP生产低碳贝氏体高强钢组织和性能的影响

研究了CSP工艺生产低碳贝氏体高强钢的工艺控制与显微组织和力学性能的关系.通过比较不同终轧温度和卷取温度对低碳贝氏体高强钢组织性能的影响,得出钢板最终组织为不同比例的铁素体加贝氏体复相组织,且随着终轧温度和卷取温度尤其是卷取温度的降低,组织中贝氏体的体积分数增多,组织更加细小均匀,并且可以获得细小弥散的M-A组织和析出粒子,从而提高钢的屈服强度和韧性.     

CSP流程生产低碳高强度汽车板组织性能的研究

研究了珠钢电炉CSP工艺生产低碳高强度钢板的热轧工艺与组织性能之间的关系,通过光学显微镜和力学性能试验等检测分析技术分析了控制轧制和冷却各阶段工艺参数对成品板显微组织和力学性能的影响.研究表明:降低终轧温度和卷取温度可有效细化晶粒,提高钢板的强度;采用适当的控轧控冷工艺制度,可以获得不同强度级别强韧性能良好的热轧低碳高强度汽车用钢板.     

控轧控冷工艺对高强度X100管线钢组织的影响

对一种X100管线钢进行热模拟试验,研究了过冷奥氏体的相变规律,提出了一种得到以粒状贝氏体+板条贝氏体为主的混合组织的控轧控冷工艺制度,分析了精轧变形量、冷却速度及终冷温度对实验钢微观组织的影响。结果表明,随着变形量的增大实验钢的微观组织逐渐细化,高强度的板条贝氏体含量减少而粒状贝氏体含量增多;随着冷却速度的增加和终冷温度的降低实验钢组织中的板条贝氏体含量明显提高,组织也逐渐细化;组织中板条贝氏体含量较高时实验钢具有较高的强度,但过多的板条贝氏体和针状M/A岛对材料的韧性造成不利的影响。     

控制轧制和控制冷却对低碳钢板的组织和抗冷脆性的影响

本文研究了控制轧制工艺参数(奥氏体化温度、道次压下率及终轧温度)对低碳钢板轧后铁素体晶粒平均直径和脆性转化温度的影响及其相互关系。试验结果表明:轧制工艺参数中终轧温度起主要作用,决定着轧后铁素体晶粒平均直径、脆性转化温度及-40℃时的冲击韧性;在约800℃终轧,效果最好。轧后快冷时间及冷却速度对低碳钢板的组织和脆性转化温度影响的试验结果表明,延长快冷时间及加快冷却对轧后组织产生复杂影响:使魏氏组织级别增大;使伪共析珠光体量增加;使珠光体退化及细化。这样复杂的组织变化,对脆性转化温度带来复杂的影响。文中提出了低碳钢中珠光体退化的几种机制。     

冷却工艺对20CrMnTi组织转变与硬度的影响

探索合理的轧后冷却工艺制度对降低热轧齿轮钢棒材冷后硬度具有重要的指导意义.本文通过热模拟试验机进行冷却工艺试验,研究了单道次变形后不同冷却速度和不同终冷温度对齿轮钢20CrMnTi组织转变与硬度的影响.研究结果表明：在快冷速(10, 50 ℃/s)条件下,再结晶晶粒长大受到抑制,奥氏体晶粒细化,晶界面积增大,铁素体形核质点增多; 当终冷温度升高时,高温区铁素体相变时间增加,冷后组织中铁素体体积分数增大,硬度值降低.在终冷温度850 ℃时铁素体体积分数达到最大值58%,硬度值相应降低为264HV.在慢冷速(0.1 ℃/s)条件下,再结晶晶粒长大明显,铁素体形核质点减少,但随着终冷温度降低,两相区中C元素扩散时间延长,铁素体形核长大时间增加,冷后组织中铁素体体积分数增大,硬度值降低.在终冷温度760 ℃时铁素体体积分数达到最大值48%,相应硬度降低为最小值240HV.在1 ℃/s条件下,终冷温度对铁素体体积分数及硬度影响较小,铁素体体积分数和硬度分别在34%±4%和(282±5)HV范围内波动.     

热加工对管线用低碳钢性能的影响

通过热模拟实验,研究了一种管线钢相变组织的形成规律,在此基础上,进行两阶段多道次控轧和在适度冷却速度下控冷的控制热加工实验,分析了工艺参数对钢的组织结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,开轧温度、终轧温度、终冷温度和冷却速度对管线钢的力学性能有强烈的影响。通过优化工艺,获得了以针状铁素体为主的混合组织,针状铁素体的含量越多,材料的力学性能越好。     

合金元素和控轧控冷工艺在管线钢研制中的应用

通过在管线钢中添加Mn、Nb、V、Ti和Mo等合金元素与采用控轧控冷工艺可获得良好的微观组织和综合力学性能.具体论述了控轧控冷过程中合金元素和控轧控冷工艺参数对管线铜微观组织和力学性能的影响;同时分析了微合金元素(Nb、V、Ti)碳氮化物的析出行为.结果表明,在适当范围内降低终轧温度和终冷温度,提高轧后冷却速度和增大精轧总变形量都可有效改善钢的综合性能.     

W1300无取向硅钢热变形行为的模拟分析

采用热模拟变形的方式在跨越奥氏体/铁素体转变的1100℃～800℃温度范围内观察了W1300无取向硅钢,在不同的模拟热轧变形流程中应力应变曲线的演变规律,并对比分析了热变形后的微观组织。研究表明,奥氏体区终轧之后相变得到的等轴铁素体组织难以再经加热粗化。铁素体区终轧后热轧组织的变形特征明显,内在的变形储存能可以推动高温卷取或常化退火过程中铁素体基体的静态再结晶,并获得粗大晶粒。铁素体与奥氏体变形抗力的明显差异会造成两相共存时热轧变形的不稳定性。     

含磷和钒热轧TRIP钢组织控制及力学性能研究

为探讨含磷和钒热轧TRIP钢的组织控制和力学性能,采用不同变形温度（900和800℃）,研究其相变行为,并在此基础上进行热轧试验.研究表明：随着冷速增加,变形温度对铁素体相变开始温度（Ar3）的影响逐渐增大;相同冷速条件下,变形使贝氏体相变开始温度（Bs）升高;变形对贝氏体相变的促进作用,随着变形温度的降低而减弱.终轧...     

钛微合金化热轧TRIP钢的连续冷却相变研究

用Formastor-FII相变仪研究了钛微合金化TRIP在不同开冷温度下的连续冷却相变,建立了实验钢的连续冷却转变曲线,分析了铁素体、贝氏体及马氏体的相变规律.结果表明,随着冷却速率的增加,实验钢依次经过铁素体、贝氏体及马氏体相区,在较宽的冷却速率范围内,均可获得贝氏体及马氏体组织,其Ms点为450℃左右;随着开冷温度的降低或冷却速率的提高,实验钢的铁素体及贝氏体开始转变温度降低,抑制了铁素体及贝氏体相变;随着冷却速率的增加,实验钢的显微组织由铁素体+粒状贝氏体逐步转变为板条贝氏体+板条马氏体及板条马氏体组织;当冷却速率较低时,铁素体由晶内铁素体和晶界铁素体组成,晶内铁素体形核质点为复杂的氧化物及硫化物.     

Microstructural evolution and tensile behaviour of medium carbon microalloyed steel processed through two thermomechanical routes

Abstract

A multiphase microstructure was obtained in a medium carbon microalloyed steel using two step cooling (TSC) from a lower than usual finish forging/rolling temperature (800–850°C). A low temperature anneal was then used to optimise the tensile properties. A multiphase microstructure (ferrite–bainite–martensite) resulted from forging as well as rolling. These were characterised using optical and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and hardness measurements were used for phase identification. Tensile properties and work hardening curves were obtained for both the forged and the rolled multiphase variants. A Jaoul–Crussard (J–C) analysis was carried out on the tensile data to understand the basic mode of deformation behaviour. Rolling followed by the TSC process produced a uniform microstructure with a very fine grain boundary allotriomorphic ferrite, in contrast to the forged variety, which contained in addition coarse idiomorphic ferrite. The volume fraction of ferrite and its contiguity ratio in the rolled microstructure were greater than in the forged grade. The rolled microstructure exhibited a better combination of strength and toughness than that of the forged material. The rolled steel work hardened more than the forged variety owing to its fine, uniform (bainite–martensite and ferrite) microstructure. Retained austenite present in these steels underwent a strain induced transformation to martensite during tensile deformation. The J–C analysis of the work hardening rates revealed typical three stage behaviour in both varieties during tensile deformation.     

Copper bearing microalloyed ultrahigh strength steel on a pilot scale: Microstructure and properties

In the present study, copper bearing low carbon microalloyed ultrahigh strength steel has been produced on a pilot scale. Transformation of the aforesaid steel during continuous cooling has been evaluated. The steel sample has been thermomechanically processed followed by either air cooling or water quenching. Variation in microstructure and mechanical properties at different finish rolling temperatures has been studied. A mixture of granular bainite, bainitic ferrite and precipitation of nano-sized (Ti, Nb)C particles is the characteristic microstructural feature of air cooled steel. On the other hand, predominantly lath martensitic structure along with the similar type of microalloying precipitates of air cooled steels and Cu precipitates are obtained in case of water quenched steel. The best combination of strength (1364-1403 MPa) and ductility (11-14%) has been achieved for the selected range of finish rolling temperature of water quenched steel.     

NM360钢与Q345钢异种钢焊接接头组织与性能研究

为了解NM360钢与异种钢焊接应用过程中焊接接头的力学性能,本文对NM360调质钢和Q345热轧钢采用气体保护焊进行异种钢焊接,对焊接接头进行了力学性能试验及微观组织观察,并分析了NM360钢ICHAZ的软化机理.研究表明:Q345热轧钢焊接接头CGHAZ组织为贝氏体+魏氏组织,为HAZ硬度值最高的区域,FGHAZ和ICHAZ组织为P+F;NM360调质钢焊接接头CGHAZ组织为低碳马氏体,FGHAZ组织为低碳马氏体+少量的粒状贝氏体,晶粒细小,为HAZ硬度值最高的区域,ICHAZ组织为回火马氏体+铁素体+粒状贝氏体,铁素体组织是造成ICHAZ硬度值大幅度降低的原因.     

Phase transformation and mechanical behavior of thermomechanically controlled processed high strength ordnance steel

A new low carbon titanium and niobium microalloyed steel has been thermomechanically processed in a pilot plant unit. Phase transformation phenomenon of the above steel during continuous cooling has been assessed. Evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties has also been studied at different finish rolling temperatures. A mixture of intragranular ferrite with granular bainite and bainitic ferrite along with inter-lath and intra-lath precipitation of (Ti, Nb)CN particles are the characteristic microstructural feature of air cooled steel. However, mixture of lower bainite and lath martensitic structure along with similar type (Ti, Nb)CN precipitate is observed in water quenched steel. High yield strength (896–948 MPa) with high tensile strength (974–1013 MPa) has been achieved with moderate ductility (16–17%) for the selected range of finish rolling temperature for air cooled steel. However, the water quenched steel yields higher yield strength (1240–1260 MPa) as well as higher tensile strength (1270–1285 MPa) but with lower ductility (13–14%) for the selected range of finish rolling temperature. Fairly good impact toughness values in the range of 50–89 J are obtained for the air cooled steel which are marginally higher than those of water quenched steel (42–81 J).     

Analysis of change in microstructure and properties during high temperature processing of ultralow C and high Nb microalloyed steel

Abstract

To further improve the strength and toughness, the advanced thermomechanical controlled processing has been applied in the development of an ultralow C and high Nb bearing steel. In the present investigation, the effects of processing parameters, consisting of the coiling and starting temperatures in non-recrystallisation region, on the final microstructure and mechanical properties of this steel have been studied by tensile, Charpy impact tests, optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Results indicate that the acicular ferrite dominated microstructure can be greatly refined in grain size with decreasing the starting temperature of finishing rolling. However, for high Nb steels, the too low starting temperature would promote the formation of high temperature transformation products and consequently make against the improvement of mechanical properties. In addition, the optimum temperature window of finishing rolling is found to be also related to alloying levels of austenite stabilising elements. At the high starting temperature of finishing rolling, the precipitation strength contribution increases with increasing coiling temperature. However, the increase in strain accumulation associated with low temperature processing greatly reduces the sensitivity of the precipitation strength contribution to coiling temperature.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of C–Si–Mn(–Nb) TRIP steels after simulated thermomechanical processing

Abstract

Continuous and discontinuous cooling tests were performed using a quench deformation dilatometer to develop a comprehensive understanding of the structural and kinetic aspects of the bainite transformation in low carbon TRIP (transformation induced plasticity) steels as a function of thermomechanical processing and composition. Deformation in the unrecrystallised austenite region refined the ferrite grain size and increased the ferrite and bainite transformation temperatures for cooling rates from 10 to 90 K s^-1. The influence of niobium on the transformation kinetics was also investigated. Niobium increases the ferrite start transformation temperature, refines the ferrite microstructure, and stimulates the formation of acicular ferrite. The effect of the bainite isothermal transformation temperature on the final microstructure of steels with and without a small addition of niobium was studied. Niobium promotes the formation of stable retained austenite, which influences the mechanical properties of TRIP steels. The optimum mechanical properties were obtained after isothermal holding at 400°C in the niobium steel containing the maximum volume fraction of retained austenite with acicular ferrite as the predominant second phase.     

冷变形后不同回火温度对低碳贝氏体钢组织和力学性能的影响

通过在690℃高温回火后对15SiMn2Mo低碳贝氏体钢进行10％拉伸变形或不同变形量压缩变形,再进行不同温度回火,研究了冷变形（拉伸和压缩）和变形后不同温度回火对试验材料的组织和性能的影响。结果显示,随着回火温度增加,试验柯料的抗拉强度增加,300℃回火强度达到最大值,与热轧低温回火强度相当。超过300℃回火材料的强度下降,伸长率和断面收缩率增加。随着压缩变形量的提高,材料的硬度值升高,加工硬化效果显著,组织中出现铁素体形变带。压缩变形后随着回火温度的提高,材料组织发生回复与再结晶,形成细小等轴晶粒,组织细化,压缩变形量增加,细化效果增加。     

终轧温度对Ti-V-Mo复合微合金钢组织演变和硬度的影响

采用Gleeble3800热模拟试验机、OM、EBSD、TEM及Vickers硬度计等研究终轧温度对Ti-V-Mo复合微合金钢的组织转变、析出相和硬度的影响,并阐明了组织演变和硬度变化的原因。结果表明,不同终轧温度的Ti-V-Mo钢其组织均为多边形铁素体;随着终轧温度由1000℃降低到800℃,Ti-V-Mo钢的硬度由400HV提高到427HV;铁素体晶粒的平均尺寸由3.44μm减小到3.05μm;(Ti, V, Mo)C粒子的析出数量增加,其平均尺寸由8.38 nm减小到6.25 nm。随着终轧温度的降低,铁素体平均晶粒尺寸的减小和纳米级(Ti, V, Mo)C粒子的增多及细化是硬度增大的主要因素。在980℃以下,降低终轧温度(Ti, V, Mo)C在奥氏体中的形核率不断减小,使得其在铁素体中析出的10 nm以下的(Ti, V, Mo)C粒子不断增多,促进了硬度的提高。