圆波导TE01-TE11模式转换器设计与实现

基于耦合波理论的基础上,分析了TE01-TE11模式转换器的特性和半径渐变指数,讨论了中心轴线弯曲下的圆波导模式转换器,对中心频率33GHz的波导进行了模拟设计、仿真,在保证带宽的前提下,尽力降低转换器的长度和提高转换效率,最后达到了97．82％的转换效率,带宽达到2GHz。     

High power millimeter-wave TE03 to TM11 mode converters

Transmission of power from 42 ± 0.2 GHz gyrotron (TE₀₃ mode) to tokamak or dummy load requires a set of transmission line components. It includes a set of mode converters that converts circularly unpolarised TE₀₃ mode to polarised HE₁₁ mode. The mode conversion sequence is methodised in two steps; first from TE₀₃ to TE₀₁ mode and then from TE₀₁ to TM₁₁ mode. The proposed mode converters performance depends on the parameters such as waveguide radius, beat wavelength, number of ripples, its perturbation amplitude (η) and bending angle. These parameters are numerically optimised and verified in CST microwave studio. TE₀₃ to TE₀₁ mode conversion is realised by the generation of intermediate mode TE₀₂. The mode conversion length for TE₀₃ to TE₀₂ mode converter is6λ₀, (where λ_b is the beat wavelength of corresponding mode conversion) which converts 99.15% of an incident circular TE₀₃ mode power into TE₀₂ mode power. Next, mode converter converts TE₀₂ mode into TE₀₁ mode with 99.06% efficiency along the optimal length of6λ_b. For TE₀₁ to TM₁₁ mode conversion, two conversion methodologies have been proposed: first using axis arc bend (34.94°) technique to convert TE₀₁ into its analogous degenerate mode with 99.01% conversion efficiency and second using parabolic curve with 90° bend, which gives a conversion efficiency of 97.5%.     

Numerical modelling of 8mm TM01-TE11 mode converter

A numerical study of TM₀₁-TE₁₁ circular waveguide mode converter, with its optimized size and structure, is presented in this paper. Many factors such as spurious modes, backward wave, perturbation functions of waveguide axis or radius, phase-rematching techniques and ohmic losses are taken into account for the influence to mode converter's efficiency and bandwidth. And the dimensions of an optimized model (f₀=35GHz. with input and output radius a₀=13.6mm) are given.     

A Mode Converter with Multi-waveguide Output from the TE<Subscript>01</Subscript> Circular Waveguide Mode to the TE<Subscript>10</Subscript> Rectangular Mode for Millimeter Wave Gyro-device Applications

A mode converter with multi-waveguide output for millimeter wave gyro-device applications is proposed in this article, which is used to convert the TE₀₁ circular waveguide mode into the TE₁₀ rectangular waveguide mode. Computer simulations with Ansoft HFSS code show that the energy transmission coefficient of larger than 95.96% may be reached in the frequency range from 34.094 GHz to 35.8 GHz (a bandwidth of 1.706 GHz) at a VSWR of lower than 1.5 for the input operating mode.     

Numerical Simulation of Waveguide TM<Subscript>01</Subscript>-TE<Subscript>11</Subscript> Mode Converter Using FDTD Method

We study a transmission problem of an electromagnetic pulse with given transversal structure passing through a waveguide converter from TM₀₁ to TE₁₁ mode of circular waveguide. Using FDTD numerical simulation method we have investigated mode structure of the pulse at the output of the converter and its dependence on pulse length at the input. Also we have obtained frequency characteristic by calculating Fourier response for a pulse with wide spectrum.     

Efficient Output Mode Converter for 30 GHz Gyroklystron at IAP

An output mode converter for Ka-band multi-MW gyroklystron in the Institute of Applied Physics (IAP) operating in the TE₅₃ mode is suggested. Two variants of the converter, aimed for different applications, are presented: the TE₅₃ to TE₀₁ mode converter with power output along the device axis and the TE₅₃ mode to Gaussian wavebeam quasi-optical converter with a visor. The suggested designs include the built-in electron beam collector. The converters were designed using a new synthesis algorithm, which implies iterative improvement of the waveguide wall shape in order to achieve high efficiency. The calculation results were proven by HFSS simulation and low-power tests of one version of the converter.     

Design of mode converters for generating the TE11 mode from TM01 vircator at 4GHz

This work reports on measurements and calculations (coupled mode equations) on the conversion of transverse magnetic TM₀₁ vircator mode at 4 GHz to the linearly polarized TE₁₁ mode by means of mode converter systems using a circular waveguide with curvature. The mode converter is composed of a 38.78° bend with 39.07 cm curvature and a 50.78° inverse bend with 25.24 cm curvature in 9 cm internal diameter (ID) circular waveguide. The efficiency of conversion from TM₀₁ to TE₁₁ at 4 GHz exceeds 99%, and the overall efficiency from TM₀₁ to TE₁₁ exceeds 90% over a calculated range of 3.72–4.8 GHz.     

Demonstration of a High-Order Mode Input Coupler for a 220-GHz Confocal Gyrotron Traveling Wave Tube

A design of high-order mode input coupler for 220-GHz confocal gyrotron travelling wave tube is proposed, simulated, and demonstrated by experimental tests. This input coupler is designed to excite confocal TE ₀₆ mode from rectangle waveguide TE ₁₀ mode over a broadband frequency range. Simulation results predict that the optimized conversion loss is about 2.72 dB with a mode purity excess of 99%. Considering of the gyrotron interaction theory, an effective bandwidth of 5 GHz is obtained, in which the beam-wave coupling efficiency is higher than half of maximum. The field pattern under low power demonstrates that TE ₀₆ mode is successfully excited in confocal waveguide at 220 GHz. Cold test results from the vector network analyzer perform good agreements with simulation results. Both simulation and experimental results illustrate that the reflection at input port S11 is sensitive to the perpendicular separation of two mirrors. It provides an engineering possibility for estimating the assembly precision.     

太赫兹宽带Denisov型准光模式变换器的设计分析

研究并设计了一种具有宽频带工作能力的太赫兹准光模式变换器。该准光模式变换器采用具有高效率特性的Denisov 辐射器,工作在TE_6,2模式,用于实现回旋管内的模式变换。由于Denisov 辐射器的参数是影响准光模式变换器宽带性能的主要因素,因此通过对辐射器参数的优化设计,达到增大模式变换器带宽的效果。使用自主开发的准光学模拟程序进行仿真,模式变换器中心频率为94 GHz,带宽达2 GHz。     

High-power millimetre-wave mode converters in overmoded circular waveguides using periodic wall perturbations

This work reports on measurements and calculations (coupled mode equations) on the conversion of circular electric TE_0n gyrotron mode compositions (TE₀₁ to TE₀₄) at 28 and 70 GHz to the linearly polarized TE₁₁ mode by means of mode converter systems using periodic waveguide wall perturbations. Mode transducers with axisymmetric radius perturbations transform the TE_0n gyrotron mode mixture to the more convenient TE₀₁ mode for long-distance transmission through overmoded waveguides. Proper matching of the phase differences between the TE_0n modes and of lengths and perturbation amplitudes of the several converter sections is required. A mode converter with constant diameter and periodically perturbed curvature transfers the unpolarized TE₀₁ mode into the TE₁₁ mode which produces an almost linearly polarized millimetre-wave beam needed for efficient electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) of plasmas in thermonuclear fusion devices. The experimentally determined TE_0n -to-TE₀₁ conversion efficiency is (98 ± 1)% at 28 and 70 GHz (99% predicted) while the TE₀₁-to-TE,, converter has a (96 ± 2)% conversion efficiency at 28 GHz (95% predicted) and (94 ± 2)% at 70 GHz (93% predicted) with ohmic losses included in each case. This paper also presents theoretical and experimental results on the two-step TE₁₆-to-TE₁₂-to-TE₁₁ mode conversion at 28 GHz by means of two periodically rippled-wall mode converters. The conversion efficiencies achieved are almost 92% and 95%, respectively. Similar converters might be used for transformation of the output modes of future high-frequency TE_1n gyromonotrons or 10 GHz gyro-klystron amplifiers into the TE₁₁ mode, which in turn can then be transformed by circumferentially corrugated or dielectrically coated mode transducers into the perfectly linearly polarized quasi-optical HE₁₁ hybrid mode. The efficiency of periodically modulated wall mode-converters can be considerably improved by proper re-matching of the phase difference between the two converted modes within the converter.     

回旋速调管TE01-HE11模式变换器

根据耦合波理论,编制了优化计算程序,优化了30.5GHz TE01-TE11模式变换器的几何结构,得到了其可实现最高模式变换效率的几何参量.用仿真软件优化设计了同一工作频率的TE11-HE11模式变换器.结果表明这两个模式变换器组成的TE01 -HE11复合模式变换器在30.5GHz和1％带宽内具有97.0％以上的TE...     

Compact HE11 to surface wave converters for high power waveguide dummy loads

The HE₁₁ mode in corrugated circular waveguide can be converted to the EH₁₁ mode (surface wave) by a short, smooth-waveguide phase shift section followed by a short corrugation depth taper. Low-power measurements at 110 GHz in 1.25 in. aluminum waveguide demonstrated approximately 99% conversion with the proper phase shift length. As expected, the conversion efficiency versus length of the phase shifter varied periodically with the period of the TE₁₁ to TM₁₁ beat wavelength. Since the EH₁₁ surface wave is highly attenuated, this type of converter can be used effectively in a compact high-power dummy load.     

Quasi-optical waveguide-mode converters using a pair of phase correction mirrors

This paper describes a quasi-optical method for the conversion of modes transmitted through highly oversized circular waveguides. A waveguide-mode is radiated once from a waveguide cut in the form of a radiation beam, which is then properly shaped by two curved mirrors and directed back into the waveguide. The curved mirror shapes are iteratively and automatically determined for given propagation distances using the design technique for phase correction mirrors. The proposed method gives favorable results in designing a waveguide expander/reducer, a TE₀₁-TE₀₂ mode converter, and a TE₀₁-HE₁₁ mode converter.     

Study of Ka-band TM01 to TE11 Mode Converters with Parallel Input and Output Waveguides

Based on the bent waveguide mode coupling theory, a combined TM₀₁-TE₁₁ mode converter with parallel input and output ports is designed by numerical calculation with the phase rematch technology employed. A numerical calculation comparison between the converter and another double-arc TM₀₁-TE₁₁ mode converter with nonparallel input and output ports shows that the former has obvious advantages over the latter in conversion, bandwidth and compact. Good agreement between tests and calculations shows the converter meets the application well.     

Undesired resonances in oversized rippled-wall mode converters

A new method to study rippled-wall mode converters based on a generalized investigation of multi-resonance phenomena in periodically perturbated circular oversized waveguides is presented. These resonances cause serious problems in the design of advanced, very high-power millimetre wave mode converters. The concept of a mode diagram helps in the initial design steps to get a global feel for possible resonances at each frequency and waveguide diameter. The optimal conversion path is determined from this mode diagram to avoid unwanted mode resonances. This method is shown applied to a TE_0.1?TE₀₃converter with a waveguide diameter of 27-79mm working at 60GHz. This converter is very close to the worst resonance effect (first-order resonance: |β₀₃? β₀₄.| ≈| β₀₃? β₀₁ |) which destroys totally the desired conversion effect. The second example shown is a TE₀₂?TE₀₁ converter with a waveguide diameter of 44-45 mm working at 28 GHz. In this case the resonance effect is of second order (i.e. | β₀₂? β₀₃|≈2| β₀₁? β₀₂|).     

Design of a New Wide Bandwidth TE<Subscript>01</Subscript>-Mode Converter

This study presents the design and cold testing of a Q-band TE₀₁-mode converter. Integrating Marie transducer and the design of Ching-Fang Yu and Tsun-Hsu Chang, we have improved the design of circular TE₀₁-mode converter. The working principle of each section are analyzed and discussed. Two identical converters are joined back-to-back to explore the field symmetry and to examine the existence of competing modes. The angle-independent transmissions manifest high mode purity. This converter features high back-to-back converting efficiency, high mode purity, compact converting section , and broad bandwidth (18% at a 1-dB transmission).     

Attenuation Characteristics of Corrugated Circular Groove Waveguide

When neglecting space harmonics and higher-order slot modes, the attenuation characteristic of corrugated circular groove waveguide has been investigated. It is shown that under certain conditions, the attenuation coefficient of HE ₁₁ mode will be lower than that of dominant TE ⁽¹⁾ ₁₁ mode of circular groove waveguide with same radius.     

过模弯曲圆波导模式耦合设计

基于耦合波理论,波导轴线采用常规圆弧弯曲和改进的正弦弯曲结构,对TE01—TM11模式变换器进行全面优化分析,计算中考虑了多模、反向波、金属壁所带来的欧姆损耗以及相位重匹配等因素.以正弦弯曲设计的Ka波段TE01—TM11模式变换器的转换效率达到99%,带宽超过32%,并得出常弯曲结构中波导半径、波导曲率、变换器长度和转换效率之间的关系.     

改进型圆-矩波导模式转换器的研究

在某些特定频段上,传统的圆-矩波导模式转换器无法满足其性能要求。针对这一问题,提出一种结构紧凑、反射系数小且波形转换效率高的改进型波导模式转换器,其工作在4.7 GHz,带宽800 MHz。采用切比雪夫阻抗法对其进行理论分析,并计算得到结构尺寸。最后测量结果与仿真结果吻合良好,在工作频带内电压驻波比均小于1.1,证明了该方法的可行性。     

Study of combined transmission line for high power wave generated by a gyrotron in the millimetre wavelength range

A powerful millimetre-wave line transmitting energy from a gyrotron to a tokamak is studied. The line is open and combines mirrors and sections of an irregular oversized circular waveguide. The construction of the transmission line units is improved to provide selectivity for the operating TE₀₁ mode. Particularly, the open quasioptical elbow operating at the long-wave region of the millimetre range and rotating the line by an angle of 90^° is experimentally investigated. The operating TE₀₁ mode insertion losses are 0.2-0.3 dB with a 4% bandwidth.