中心平方变换的研究（一）

本文对中心平方变换中的点，直线的变换进行了较为深入的探讨，不但对其进行了几何分析，而且给出了数学解析式。     

基于Hough变换和边缘灰度直方图的直线跟踪算法

提出一种基于目标轮廓直线的参数方程和边缘灰度直方图相结合的跟踪算法。首先,利用Hough变换得到待匹配直线的直线参数方程,同时建立该直线边缘的归一化灰度直方图,由此得到的初始模板包含了目标的空间位置和像素分布信息。然后,在后续帧中,利用梯度方向和参数方程对分割后的像素进行聚类,得到多条待匹配直线。最后,利用灰度直方图匹配算法获得直线边缘的精确位置。实验证明该算法对处于复杂背景下、存在局部短时遮挡的包含直线边缘的目标有很好的跟踪效果。     

配极变换及其在求解锥面截交线中的应用

本文应用配极变换的几何性质来确定锥面截交线的中心及其主要轴线，这对于准确地绘制或使用数控绘图机来绘制二次曲线．是很有意义的．     

四维空间的平方变换方法

在四维空间中，建立三种基本平方变换方法，其他的许多平方变换方法可由其组合生成。利用平方变换可以使每一类超二阶曲面和线性子空间，以及超二阶曲面之间的定位问题的解法得以简化。     

基于Radon变换的速变谱提取算法

多普勒频移随时间快速变化这一信息在水听器探测空中高速目标时具有重要意义,提出了速变谱的概念,并提出应用Radon变换在信号的LOFAR图中捕捉速变谱信息;针对速变谱曲线可能是任意曲线而Radon变换只能对直线等已知参数方程的曲线进行提取的问题,提出分块Radon变换的方法。仿真与海试数据分析均表明,该方法可以在较低信噪比情况下检测到速变谱信息。     

基于SUSAN和Hough变换的直线边缘亚像素定位方法

提出了一种基于SUSAN算法和Hough变换的直线边缘亚像素定位方法.在该方法中,给出了SUSAN算法模板选择的依据,同时定义了直线边缘响应函数并引入加权Hough变换.首先,利用直线边缘响应函数对直线边缘进行提取;然后对具有响应值的灰度点进行Hough变换并将该响应值作为权值记入参数空间累加器,得到粗定位;在粗定位的基础上对映射区进行局部细化,并对区域内点进行拟合,最终得到直线边缘精定位.实验证明:直线边缘定位精度可达0.3 pixels,同时为解析曲线亚像素定位提供了一种新的思路.     

基于RHT-LSM直线检测方法的研究

本文结合随机Hough变换(RHT)抗噪声能力强与最小二乘法(LSM)拟合精度高的特性,提出了一种基于随机Hough变换与最小二乘法进行直线检测的方法.该方法能用于背景噪声较强,直线存在一定弯曲的图像,检测精度高.首先,用随机Hough变换确定直线的大致位置,得到直线参量和数量;然后,利用所得直线参数,计算图像中的点到直线的距离,根据距离,可以确定每条直线附近的点集,剔除干扰点和噪声;最后,用最小二乘法对点集中的各点进行拟合,得到精确的直线参量.把该方法应用于列车动态识别中的制动梁检测,得到了良好的效果.     

非线性岩土中圆柱结构受冲击波作用的动力响应

本文利用小参数摄动法和Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ变换法研究了非线性弹性岩土中受冲击波作用的圆柱结构的动力响应问题。基本方程按入射波场的小参数展开为各阶渐近线性方程后，由Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ变换和本征函数展开法进行求解，给出了逆变换的解析表达式及动力响应的位移和应力数值结果。     

直线与二次曲线的对应

本文利用九点二次曲线的形成原理,建立起一种直线与二次曲线的对应关系,论述了实现直线与二次曲线对应的具体方法,分析讨论了对应二次曲线的某些性质和特点,最后举例说明了它的应用。     

基于序列图像中二次曲线对应的纯旋转运动参数估计算法

采用特征对应的视觉运动分析方法，建立了基于二次曲线的刚体纯旋转运动方程，提出了求解刚体纯旋转运动参数的算法。在刚体纯旋转运动分析中，最少利用前后两幅图像中7对匹配二次曲线，就可用线性方程组求解刚体旋转运动参数，线性算法的提出使旋转运动参数的求解精度得到很大提高。最后利用合成数据和真实图像对纯旋转运动估计算法的精度和有效性进行了验证，表明该算法能准确、可靠地估计旋转运动参数。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from