组合转子同步电机稳定性探讨

组合转子同步电机由轴向叠片各向异性(ALA)磁阻段和面贴式永磁(SPM)段组合而成,磁路各自独立.为研究组合转子电机在开环V/f控制方式下的稳定性,采用小信号分析方法,探讨无惯性阻尼器和附加机械惯性阻尼器的组合式转子电机SPM段占转子全长之比k与电机稳定性的关系.研究结果表明,无惯性阻尼器的组合式转子电机,k值增大,稳定频率范围扩宽不明显;附加惯性阻尼器,选择合适的惯量盘惯量,调节阻尼器的粘性阻尼系数能明显扩宽稳定频率范围,且k和惯量盘惯量越大,阻尼器的粘性阻尼系数调节范围越宽,电机的稳定性越好.     

新型组合式转子同步电机参数研究

新型组合式转子同步电机的转子是在轴向叠片转子上嵌上一定长度的永磁体复合而成，其主要参数Ld、Lq的计算对于此种电机的分析具有重要的意义。本文对此电机的结构、参数进行了探讨，并通过两种方法得出了电机主要参数的计算公式，分析结果亦由实验予以验证。     

Reduction of higher harmonic sequences in terminal voltage of an AC exciting synchronous generator using magnetically anisotropic slot wedges

This paper describes relationships between characteristics of a magnetically anisotropic slot wedge and voltage higher harmonics in an ac exciting synchronous generator terminal due to permeance ripple caused by an open-slot-type rotor. From the relationships obtained, practical guidelines were formulated for machine designs applying the magnetically anisotropic slot wedge. The results are as follows.

• 1 (1) Equivalent permeability of the magnetically anisotropic slot wedge became isotropic wedge permeability for air-gap flux ripple.
• 2 (2) Two ways were identified to reduce voltage-higher harmonics by using the slot wedges.
• 3 (3) The level of leakage flux passing through the anisotropic slot wedge was determined only by its permeability in the width direction.
• 4 (4) Effectiveness of the magnetic anisotropic slot wedges inserted into the stator slots was verified from experimental results using a model machine of the open- slot-type rotor.

     

Analysis of terminal voltage waveform of AC exciting synchronous generators

Recently, adjustable speed hydroelectric power systems have been developed. In those power systems, ac exciting synchronous generators are used instead of the ordinary salient-pole-type synchronous machines. However, some higher harmonic sequences are included in the distribution of air-gap magnetic flux density and in the terminal voltage waveform of the ac exciting synchronous machines because these machines have open winding slots. To develop better machines without terminal voltage waveform distortions, an evaluation method of the terminal voltage harmonics has been needed. This paper describes the mechanism of higher harmonics generation qualitatively and proposes an analytical method of no-load terminal voltage waveforms on the basis of two-dimensional magnetic field analysis considering movement of the rotor for quantitative higher harmonics analysis. The analytical results of higher harmonics show good agreement with the experimental ones.     

Effect of stator chording and rotor skewing on performance ofreluctance synchronous machine

Low torque ripple in electrical machines is generally required to reduce acoustic noise and mechanical resonance vibration. To design for low torque ripple, however, affects the average torque and the power rating of the machine. In this paper, the effect of stator winding chording and rotor skewing on the average torque, power factor, and torque ripple of the normal laminated, internal flux barrier rotor reluctance synchronous machine is investigated. The two-dimensional finite-element time-step method together with the basic machine equations are used in the analysis. It is shown that to design, in general, for low torque ripple and minimal effect on torque rating of the reluctance synchronous machine, full-pitch stator windings must be used, the rotor must be skewed by a stator slot pitch, and a low number of stator slots must be avoided     

A harmonic compensation brushless synchronous condenser using a cascade induction machine

In this paper, a new brushless synchronous condenser termed the BSC‐Filter is presented. It consists of two wound‐rotor induction machines connected in a cascade, and acts not only as a synchronous condenser but also as a passive filter with a capacitor connected to its stator field winding. An equivalent circuit model seen from the sixth harmonic in the field system is illustrated using the method of symmetrical coordinates. Based on this equivalent circuit model, a fundamental formula is derived to select the capacitor value properly. The validity of the theoretical analysis is verified through experiments, and basic characteristics of the BSC‐Filter are clarified. In addition to phase compensation, this new machine is capable of reducing low‐order fifth and seventh harmonics in power lines. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 138(2): 71–78, 2002     

Nonlinear excitation control of a synchronous generator with implicit terminal voltage regulation

The objective of this paper is to design nonlinear excitation controllers for single-machine infinite-bus power systems. Because of the nonlinear nature of such systems, nonlinear controllers are more effective in providing larger stability margins than their linear counterparts. To take advantage of well-developed linear control techniques, the concept of feedback linearization is used. A characterization of the region over which the linearizing state transformation is guaranteed to be diffeomorphic is provided. Also, a new formulation for the linear controller design is provided to solve the problem of the terminal voltage regulation. Simulation results of a single-machine infinite-bus power system indicate that in the presence of major disturbances the proposed controller outperforms existing linear and nonlinear controllers in maintaining the system's stability, in damping the rotor angle oscillations, and in reaching the desired performance during postfault operations.     

混合转子无刷电励磁同步电机参数的解析计算

研究了无刷电励磁同步电机的运行机理和混合转子的磁场调制原理,运用叠加法与绕组函数法相结合,建立了混合转子无刷电励磁同步电机电感参数模型,研究了混合转子无刷电励磁同步电机电感参数解析计算方法,通过编制程序对电机的电感参数进行计算,得出了电感参数随转子位置变化的规律,并采用有限元法计算了电机的电感参数。研制了实验样机,采用静测法进行了电感参数的测试。将解析计算结果分别与有限元计算结果和实验结果进行对比分析,验证了所提出混合转子无刷电励磁同步电机电感参数解析计算模型的正确性。为该种电机的进一步仿真分析与研究奠定了技术基础。     

定转子电阻对同步电机瞬态时间常数影响

采用忽略部分定转子电阻影响的瞬态时间常数传统解析表达式计算同步电机瞬态特性时会产生一定的误差。为解决该问题,推导了计及定子电阻的直轴瞬态时间常数改进解析表达式和计及转子电阻的定子非周期瞬态时间常数改进解析表达式,通过7.5 kW模型机试验及时步有限元方法验证了该解析表达式的正确性。采用该解析表达式计算了瞬态时间常数随定转子电阻变化的规律,发现不同定转子电阻下,利用改进表达式计算瞬态时间常数的精度明显高于传统方法。     

轧机配电系统末端电压谐波抑制及应用

针对配电系统非线性负载造成系统电力污染,影响电力系统末端用电装置的正常使用,通过对工业现场电能质量情况的测试分析和建模理论仿真,提出解决配电系统电压污染的方法,并以实际应用为例进行验证.     

Initial rotor position estimation of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor using optimal voltage vector

The initial rotor position estimation is a serious problem affecting sensorless drives of permanent magnet synchronous motors. This paper presents an estimation method of initial rotor position for interior permanent magnet synchronous motors. The principle of the estimation is based on the nonlinear magnetization characteristics of the stator core caused by the magnet of the rotor. The estimation is performed using the variation of the current response caused by the magnetic saturation when the voltage vector is applied to the motor. This method can be performed without motor parameters and any additional hardware. Decision method of the optimal voltage vector applied to the motor is also proposed to accurately implement the estimation. Experimental results show that the initial rotor position can be estimated without rotating the rotor by using the optimal voltage vector. It is found that the average of the estimation error is ±1.34 electrical degrees, and the estimation is completed within 15.2 ms in the test motor. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 156(4): 69–76, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20062     

发电机内电势相角与功角的测量方法及应用

传统的发电机内电势与功角通过实时测量发电机端电压电流以及发电机直轴电抗Xd和交轴电抗Xq计算得到.由于发电机在不同运行状态下Xd,Xq发生变化,产生计算误差.为此,提出一种转子位置测量法,利用发电机组的键相脉冲信号和机端电压来测量发电机内电势相角与功角.该方法不受发电机等效计算模型和同步电抗参数误差的影响,具有较高的精度,适用于电网扰动和暂态过程的实时功角测量.     

表面-内置混合式永磁同步电机性能与转子参数影响

为研究表面-内置混合式永磁同步电机表面磁极和内置磁极的作用,采用有限元方法建立该电机仿真模型,通过对其空载特性和负载特性的分析可知该电机的空载特性受表面磁极影响较大,而其负载特性受内置磁极影响较大。进一步以表面-内置混合式永磁同步电机的转矩性能为参考指标,对转子表面磁极、内置磁极以及隔磁桥三部分的参数进行分析。结果表明改变表面磁极参数对改善气隙磁场,减小转矩波动有着较好的效果,而改变内置磁极参数对转矩波动影响较小,但对转矩幅值影响较大。此外受表面磁极的影响,内置磁极两端隔磁桥1处的漏磁随其宽度变化较小,因此可适当放宽隔磁桥1处的宽度,以改善电机转子机械强度,提高电机整体性能。     

无刷同步电机转子绕组接地检测新原理的研究

同步电机采用无刷励磁是同步电机结构上的重大改革,取消了滑环和炭刷,但使转子接地故障检测变得较困难.目前无刷同步电机转子绕组接地检测主要采用传统的方式,没有考虑到无刷同步电机的特殊结构.针对这一情况,提出了一种无刷同步电机转子绕组接地检测的新原理,详细地分析了它的接地检测原理.提出了消除接地检测死区的条件和接地检测的灵敏度不受励磁电压影响的方法.另外,还考虑了电网突然发生短路故障对接地监测的影响,仿真结果证明,在突然短路的过渡过程中,接地监测不会发生误动作,说明了该无刷同步电机接地监测具有较高的可靠性.该接地检测新原理为无刷同步电机接地检测的工程应用提供了一定的理论参考依据.     

谐波励磁同步发电机空载谐波磁场分析

说明了利用ANSYS有限元分析软件的电磁分析功能对谐波励磁同步发电机空载谐波磁场进行分析,通过对谐波励磁同步发电机的电磁场进行计算,得出了样机的矢量磁位Az、磁力线分布图和磁密分布图。然后对电磁场的计算结果进行后处理,得出了谐波励磁同步发电机的旋转磁场波形、谐波绕组电压波形和谐波绕组空载特性曲线。最后用在谐波励磁同步发电机上的实验结果与计算结果的比较说明了方法的正确性,可为谐波励磁同步发电机的设计提供理论依据。     

无刷同步电机转子绕组接地检测新原理的研究

同步电机采用无刷励磁是同步电机结构上的重大改革,取消了滑环和炭刷,但使转子接地故障检测变得较困难。目前无刷同步电机转子绕组接地检测主要采用传统的方式,没有考虑到无刷同步电机的特殊结构。针对这一情况,提出了一种无刷同步电机转子绕组接地检测的新原理,详细地分析了它的接地检测原理。提出了消除接地检测死区的条件和接地检测的灵敏度不受励磁电压影响的方法。另外,还考虑了电网突然发生短路故障对接地监测的影响,仿真结果证明,在突然短路的过渡过程中,接地监测不会发生误动作,说明了该无刷同步电机接地监测具有较高的可靠性。该接地检测新原理为无刷同步电机接地检测的工程应用提供了一定的理论参考依据。     

大型同步调相机转子故障温度场分析

随着特高压交直流输电的发展,同步调相机以其快速动态响应能力重新受到关注,同步调相机的安全运行关乎电网的稳定性。论文以TTS-300-2型双水内冷同步调相机为研究对象,建立了其转子三维模型,计算并分析了转子不同负荷下、同一位置不同水路堵塞程度时的转子三维温度场,转子匝间短路和水路堵塞同时存在时的温度场以及转子水路堵塞时的热应力情况,评估故障产生的影响和同步调相机带病运行能力。结果表明,不同负荷下转子温度场分布相似;转子出现故障会导致温度分布不平衡;单个槽内堵塞匝越多,转子温度场畸变越明显;且随堵塞程度的增加,转子热应力随之增加。     

Initial rotor position estimation of an interior permanent-magnet synchronous machine using carrier-frequency injection methods

This work presents a method using carrier-frequency injection to estimate the initial rotor position and magnetic polarity for an interior permanent-magnet synchronous machine. A nonsaturating inductance model of the machine provides no information about the polarity of the rotor magnet because the position observer based on this model is locally stable at both poles. To distinguish the polarity of the rotor magnet, the magnetic saturation effect can be used. The Taylor series can be used to describe the nonlinear magnetic saturation relationship between the current and the flux linkage in the d-axis rotor reference frame. The second-order term produces the second harmonic component of the carrier frequency, and the sign of its coefficient identifies the polarity of the rotor magnet being tracked. Both simulation and experimental results show good response of the position observer at several rotor electrical positions using either a rotating vector in the stationary reference frame or a oscillating vector in the estimated rotor reference frame.