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 共查询到14条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Effect of interfacial roughness on giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in Fe/Cr multilayers has been studied. A set of samples is prepared by simultaneously depositing on a set of float-glass (FG) substrates with varying rms surface roughness. This causes the correlated part of the rms roughness to vary from sample to sample. Another set of specimen is irradiated with 200 MeV Ag ions in order to induce uncorrelated roughness at the interfaces. In both the cases morphological and other microstructural features of different multilayers remained similar, thus allowing one to separate the effect of interface roughness from that of morphological changes. GMR measurements on these multilayers show that increasing interfacial roughness causes GMR to decrease nonlinearly. It is found that the effect of uncorrelated part of the roughness is much stronger than that of the correlated part.  相似文献   

2.
This paper reports the results of the influence of bilayer period (Λ) and total thickness (f) on the corrosion resistance of magnetron-sputtered CrN/Cr multilayers. Corrosion tests were carried out by potentiodynamic polarization with 0.5 M H2SO4 + 0.05 M KSCN solution and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with 3% NaCl solution. Measurements were also taken on the uncoated substrate and hard chromium coatings for comparison. Multilayer microstructure and morphology were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical composition was studied by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX).The experiments showed that CrN/Cr coatings having lower bilayer period and lower thickness increased their efficiency as a barrier and improved the corrosion resistance of all coatings evaluated.  相似文献   

3.
Non-collinear magnetic structure of Fe/Cr multilayers was investigated within the framework of Periodic Anderson model (PAM) in mean field approximation for Coulomb repulsion on sites. Self-consistent calculations were performed for the superlattices with different step width at the interface. It is shown that due to frustration in the interface region the ground state corresponds to non-collinear orientation of magnetic moments near steps. This non-collinear ordering penetrates on a large distance from the interface both in Fe and Cr layers and leads to the non-collinear magnetic coupling between Fe layers through the Cr spacer. Angle between magnetic moments of Fe slabs depends strongly not only on the thickness of the Cr spacer but also on the interface structure at atomic scale. It is found that only very specific types of the interface defects with plural frustrations can give out-of-plane orientation of magnetic moments.  相似文献   

4.
The effect of the deposition rate on the structural and morphological properties of TiN and ZrN single layers and TiN/ZrN multilayers deposited by radiofrequency reactive magnetron sputtering has been studied. The total pressure was kept constant and the growth rate variation was obtained by small difference of nitrogen concentration in the fed gas. The decreasing deposition rate results in a structural change in the thin films from (111) orientation to (100) one. As consequence the surface morphology becomes smoother. Films roughness is strongly related with texture and it decreases with an increase in the (100) X-ray diffraction line intensity. In order to achieve a clear interpretation of our experimental results, the ratio between the N+ ions of the plasma and the atoms number reaching the substrate was considered. At high deposition rate with respect to the N+ concentration, the chemical potential of transition metal on (100) growth surface is higher than (111) one favouring the (111) orientation of the films. On the contrary, when the growth rate is low with respect to the nitrogen concentration, the chemical potential of transition metal on (111) growth surface is higher than the (100) one leading to a preferential growth in the (100) direction.  相似文献   

5.
利用控溅射技术,通过改变溅射C靶电流工艺参数,在45#钢上制备出Cr/C和Cr/C/N复合镀层.用能谱仪(EDS),X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)检测镀层的微观组织;用HX-1000型维氏显微硬度计、球-盘摩擦磨损试验机(POD)、光学显微镜(OM)测试镀层的力学性能.结果表明:随C靶电流增加,镀层微...  相似文献   

6.
通过直流磁控溅射方法在锆合金基体表面沉积Cr涂层, 再在Cr层上射频磁控溅射制备SiC涂层, 探索了基体预处理方式、射频溅射功率对涂层结合力、厚度和表面质量的影响。采用扫描电镜及能谱仪, 红外光谱和X射线衍射仪对SiC/Cr复合涂层样品进行成分分析, 结果表明所制备的涂层Cr层为晶态, SiC层为非晶态。高温水蒸汽氧化实验表明Cr作为锆合金与SiC涂层之间的过渡层, 不仅能够缓解SiC层和锆合金基体的热膨胀系数差异, 提高涂层结合力, 还能增加涂层的延展性, 减少基体在高温水蒸气环境下的氧化和断裂。  相似文献   

7.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the surface characteristics of hydroxyapatite (HA)/titanium (Ti) composite layer on the Ti-35Ta-xZr alloy surface by radio frequency (RF) and direct current (DC) sputtering for dental application. The magnetron sputtered deposition for the HA was performed in the RF mode and for the Ti in the DC mode. Microstructures of the alloys were examined by optical microscopy (OM) and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). Surface characteristics of coated film was investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDS), and XRD. Microstructures of the Ti-35Ta-xZr alloys were changed from α″ phase to β phase, and changed from a needle-like structure to an equiaxed structure with increasing Zr content. From the results of polarization behavior in the Ti-35Ta-15Zr alloy, HA/Ti composite layer showed the good corrosion resistance compared to Ti single layer. The results of alternating current (AC) impedance test indicated that the presence of ha coating acted as a stable barrier in increasing the corrosion resistance.  相似文献   

8.
The effect of carbon (C) and amorphous silicon (a-Si) thicknesses on the formation of SiC nanoparticles (np-SiC) in sandwiched Si/C/Si and C/Si multilayers on Si(100) substrates were investigated using ultra-high-vacuum ion beam sputtering system and vacuum thermal annealing at 500, 700, 900 °C for 1.0 h. Three-layer a-Si/C/a-Si structures with thicknesses of 50/200/50 nm and 75/150/75 nm and a two-layer C/a-Si structure of 200/50 nm were examined in this study. The size and density of np-SiC were strongly influenced by the annealing temperature, a-Si thickness and layer number. Many np-SiC appeared at 900 °C at a density order about 108 cm− 2 in both three-layer structures while no particles formed in the two-layer structure. The thick a-Si structure (75/150/75 nm) produces a particle density approximately 1.8 times higher than thin structure (50/200/50 nm). This implies that thick a-Si structure had a lower activation energy of SiC formation compared to the thin a-Si structure. Few particles were found at 700 °C and no particles at 500 °C in both three-layer structures. The np-SiC formation is a thermally activated reaction. The higher temperature leads to higher particle density. A mechanism of np-SiC formation in thermodynamic and kinetic viewpoints is proposed.  相似文献   

9.
This paper presents the results of investigation of condensation stimulated (CSD) and thermal stimulated (TSD) diffusion in nanoscale film systems on the basis of Fe/Cr and Cu/Cr by Auger-electron spectroscopy method. The film systems were built in ultrahigh vacuum. Auger spectrum was traced during condensation after each increase in thickness of 0.5-1 nm or during film systems annealing from 300 to 683 K over 5 h. According to experimental data the concentration profiles were built and the effective coefficients of CSD and TSD were computed by several mathematical methods. The efficiency of these techniques in different cases was analyzed. The most accurate results were obtained with Weeple and Gauss error methods that take into account the thickness of the diffusant source.  相似文献   

10.
For the epitaxial growth of thick β-FeSi2 films, we fabricated ultrathin β-FeSi2 template layers (thinner than 20 nm) on Si (111) substrates with different methods. Surface morphology and crystallinity of the template layers were found to be dependent on the surface conditions of the substrate and the fabrication method. It was revealed that to form a smooth and continuous template, a hydrogen-terminated surface was better than that covered with a several-nanometer oxide layer. Using this surface, continuous (110)/(101)-oriented epitaxial template was obtained by depositing 6-nm iron at 400 °C and subsequent in situ annealing at 600 °C in MBE chamber, namely, a reaction deposition epitaxy (RDE) method. Co-deposition of iron and silicon with atomic ratio of Fe/Si=1/2 allowed the forming of template layers at further low temperature. Co-deposited template layers exhibited better crystallinity and morphology than those prepared by RDE. By using the optimized template layer, we succeeded in growing high-quality thick β-FeSi2 films on Si (111) substrates with sharp β-FeSi2/Si interface.  相似文献   

11.
H.K. Lee  S.J. Park 《Thin solid films》2007,515(12):5113-5117
In order to improve the discharge characteristics of MgO protective layer, SiO2 was added to MgO thin films. The MgO-SiO2 thin films were deposited by electron beam evaporation method. The crystallinity and surface roughness of thin films were determined by XRD and AFM. Discharge characteristics of MgO-SiO2 protective layers were observed by changes in discharging voltages and SEE and memory coefficients as a function of Si concentration in the protective layer. The discharge characteristics of MgO-SiO2 layer were mainly affected by changes in crystallinity and surface roughness of films with Si concentration in the range of present study. With addition of 12.5 Si at.% in MgO-SiO2 protective layer, the discharge voltages and memory and SEE coefficients were considerably improved in comparison to pure MgO protective layer.  相似文献   

12.
Szabolcs Beke 《Thin solid films》2011,519(6):1761-1771
This year is the 125th anniversary of the first synthesis of V2O5 gels. The fascinating properties and wide application range of V2O5 thin films have attracted significant attention over the past decades. Its wide optical band gap, layered structure, good chemical and thermal stability and excellent thermoelectric and electrochromic properties have made V2O5 a promising material for industrial applications such as gas sensors, electrochromic devices, optical switching devices, and reversible cathode materials for Li batteries. Gels were the first form in which V2O5 was synthesized at the end of the 19th century. Interest started to grow in the 1980s due to the discovery of their semiconducting properties and their use in antistatic coatings in the photographic industry. The rapid development of the sol-gel process brought new interest in V2O5 gels. Following a short discussion of vanadium oxides and V2O5, I summarize all thin film preparation techniques known up to now and use reported optical band gaps to characterize different growth methods. An estimation of the Bohr radius for V2O5 is also presented. This article provides an up-to-date review of more than a century (1885-2010) of research on the growth of vanadium oxide thin films. Nonetheless, due to the huge number of publications in the field, only those are selected and described which, according to the author, contribute the most to the field's further development.  相似文献   

13.
In this study, CrN/Cr2O3 double-layered coatings with various thickness ratios of CrN vs Cr2O3 layer were prepared by arc ion plating technology. The influences of the thickness ratio of CrN vs Cr2O3 layer on the microstructural characteristics as well as the mechanical and tribological properties of the CrN/Cr2O3 doublelayered coatings were investigated. The corresponding mechanisms were also discussed. The results indicated that the insertion of CrN layer between the Cr2O3 layer and substrate can effectively decrease the internal stress level of the coating. With increasing the thickness ratio of CrN vs Cr2O3 layer, the surface roughness of double-layered coatings decreased gradually, which had a certain influence on the friction coefficient. In addition, the microhardness also declined gradually, the adhesive strength almost increased linearly, whereas the wear rate declined firstly and then increased slightly. As the thickness ratio was 2:1, the double-layered coating exhibited the best wear resistance.  相似文献   

14.
The studies of the (1 − x)Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O3xPbTiO3 (PSN–PT) single crystals reveal that the chemical and physical properties of the materials are affected by the growth conditions. By the measurements of the dielectric constant as a function of temperature upon cooling, it is found that crystals grown from the same charged stoichiometric composition (x = 0.425), but under different flux environments (i.e. the composition of flux and the flux to PSN–PT ratios are varied), show anomalies (i.e. phase transitions) at different temperatures. This phenomenon is attributed to the complex local chemical structure of the PSN–PT solid solution single crystals with B-site random occupancy of three different cations (Sc3+, Nb5+ and Ti4+). The dielectric and domain structure of the PSN–PT crystals with composition near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) are investigated, showing much more complex situations compared with Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O3.  相似文献   

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