现场总线技术的进展与展望

现场总线是工业中用于现场仪表和控制室系统之间的一种全数字化、双向、多站的通信系统,是过程控制技术、自动化仪表技术、、计算机网络技术三大技术发展的交汇点,将带来控制系统的三大变革。本文对现场总线技术进行了简要概述,主要讲述了特点和、现状１及进展,并阐述了现场总线技术的最新研究领域及未来研究课题。     

白马电厂TSI的安装与调试

针对300MW机组汽轮机监控仪表（TSI）的特点，就TSI系统及配套传感器在安装调试中出现的实际问题，做了比较详细的分析说明，该文对TSI系统的安装调试有一定的借鉴意义。     

Windows系统自动化与集成化的安装

Windows系统随着时间的推移在大量软件的安装以及删除文件带来的碎片的影响下，会越来越慢，经常出错，甚至时不时伴随蓝屏的出现。这时最好的解决方法就是重装系统。但如果你是一个系统管理员，时常重复着Windows以及大量应用程序的Setup，不停点击“下一步”，这肯定不是一个好方法。克隆此时不失为一个解决问题的好办法，但并不适用于硬件配置不相同的电脑，尤其对于Win2000/XP系统而言，更是麻烦备至。     

仪器仪表和仪表材料的战略地位、相互关系与发展趋势

本文论述了发展仪器仪表和仪表材料的重要性;介绍了仪器仪表及仪表材料的发展动向及其发展方向与趋势。     

PROFIBUS现场总线系统的工程设计与安装

本结合燕化公司炼油事业部件口峪原油储运站项目,叙述了西门子现场总线控制系统的设计思路、工程设计及现场总线智能仪表的安装。此控制系统包含了工业以太网、PROFIBUSDP和PROFIBUSPA,并实现了控制器和总线冗余。     

基于现场总线技术的全开放分散控制系统

现场总线是工业中用于现场仪表和控制室系统之间的一种全数字化、双向、多站的通信系统,是过程控制技术、自动化仪表技术、计算机网络技术三大技术发展的交汇点,将带来控制系统一大变革。     

化工行业自控仪表安装调试的技术要点

在化工行业中,自控仪表起着重要的作用,其安装调试质量直接决定着其后期运行情况。基于此,从实际出发,着重探讨自控仪表的安装调试技术要点,以期给自控仪表运行带来积极作用。     

信息时代的工业仪表与控制系统

如何以信息化带动工业化?这是新世纪工业战线中带有紧迫性的战略课题，而真正落实却离不开自动化。工业仪表与控制系统是工业自动化的基础和必备条件，对工业化和信息化起着关键和决定性作用。中对当前我国工业仪表与控制系统产业发展的几个重要技术：综合自动化系统技术、工厂软件技术、工业以太网技术、工业仪表的智能技术以及工业仪表的应用工程技术等作了概要阐述。     

Interactions between control and process design under economic model predictive control

Economic model predictive control (EMPC) is a model-based control scheme that integrates process control and economic optimization, which can potentially allow for time-varying operating policies to maximize economic performance. The manner in which an EMPC operates a process to optimize economics depends on the process dynamics, which are fixed by the process design. This raises the question of how process and EMPC designs interact. Works which have addressed process and control design interactions for steady-state operation have sought to simultaneously develop process designs and control law parameters to find the most profitable way to operate a process that is able to prevent process constraints from being violated and to optimize capital costs in the presence of disturbances. Because EMPC has the potential to operate a process in a transient fashion, this work first focuses on how EMPC and process design interact in the absence of disturbances. Using small-scale process examples, we seek to understand the fundamental nature of the interactions between EMPC and process design, including how these interactions can impact computational complexity of the controller and the design procedure. We subsequently utilize the insights gained to suggest controller design variables which might be considered as decision variables for a simultaneous process and control design problem when disturbances are considered.     

The most economic setting for a uniformly shifting process

A method for finding the optimal setting for a uniformly-shifting process mean is developed and an algorithm for solution (suitable for microcomputer implementation) is presented. A determination of the number of parts to be made before resetting, and the level to which the process is to be reset is made given costs for improperly sized parts and for process resetting.     

基于组态王的过程控制综合实验测控装置

针对现有过程控制教学的现状，介绍了基于组态王的过程控制综合实验测控装置。该系统是一个小型集散控制系统，装有组态王工控软件的上位计算机完成对被控对象的模拟和监控（SCA—DA），通过RS-232／RS485和下位机PLC串口通信，下位机由西门子PLC（S7—200）组成，实时检测被控对象的温度、压力、液位、流量四个参数，把采集到的数据进行处理和保存，并根据控制要求进行PID运算，运算结果控制执行器动作，执行器为电动调节阀、变频器和电动机。并以串级控制系统为例，说明了过程控制系统的组态及实验步骤。实践证明，该实验装置充分模拟工业控制现场，操作简单，实验效果良好。     

The use of FORTH language in process control

A tutorial discussion is given on the high-level programming language FORTH with particular reference to process control application. The advantages of FORTH are illustrated through a practical example.

FORTH, originally developed for telescope control, contains many features designed to facilitate the construction of software for process control systems. In this paper, we describe some of these features and provide a design of a software package for a multiloop control system to illustrate its use. The software package, developed for Rockwell's AIM 65 microcomputer, contains programs written in FORTH for implementing feedback, feed-forward, ratio and cascade control functions. Experimental results pertaining to a furnace simulated on an EAL-580 hybrid computer are presented. A brief discussion is given on experience gained in the use of FORTH language for process control.     

Alphanumeric and graphic displays for dynamic process monitoring and control

The use of high resolution graphic display technology provides the control system designer with numerous options for displaying process plant information. This research evaluated the effectiveness of alphanumeric and graphic display formats for presenting system information in a dynamic process plant environment Thirty subjects, divided equally into three groups, were tested on three separate display formats: graphical, digital and multiple representations. The operators' task was to optimize the performance of a simulated fluid processing plant and to detect system failures. Results showed that the multiple display resulted in the best optimization performance and minimized the time required to detect failures. In general, the graphic display produced the worst performance with the digital display exhibiting intermediate results. The decision strategies used by the operators were found to have the greatest impact on performance. The results are discussed in terms of the merits of different display formats for representing system information in a manner appropriate to the operator's task.     

Design and plantwide control of n-butyl acrylate production process

n-Butyl acrylate is commercially produced from acrylic acid and n-butanol using strong acidic homogeneous catalysts. To overcome problems related to corrosion, catalyst removal from product and catalyst disposal after neutralization, research based on solid catalysis received increased attention in the recent years. However, design and control studies of an entire plant are rare. In this paper, the design and control of two reaction-separation-recycle process alternatives are developed. Both use a fixed-bed reactor with Amberlyst 131 catalyst. The separation of n-butyl acrylate from the mixture with n-butanol and acrylic acid is difficult. One of the process alternatives achieves the separation by distillation at pressure above atmospheric, while the other conveniently employs extractive distillation with ethylene glycol. Both processes are controllable, the control system showing robustness when increase or decrease in production capacity is required, or operating conditions change. Aspen Plus and Aspen Plus Dynamics are used as efficient Computer-Aided Process Engineering tools.     

An experimental study on the information design of CRT display in process control systems

A task analysis was first initiated in this study for the supervisor in process control systems. An experiment was then conducted by simulating a Reactor Water Cleanup System and the effects of some variables were focused upon, e.g. format types (graphical vs. digital), volumes of data (number of figures) and layout methods of data (process, function, importance) on the human-machine interface design. The main effects of format types, volumes, and layout methods of data and the two-way interaction effects, between format types and volumes of data and between volumes of data and layout methods of data, were observed from the results of the experiment to be significant for the searching tasks. Some main effects and the interaction effects were also observed to be significant for the detection and prediction tasks. The importance of the layout method was then suggested here to be preferred for supervisory tasks. Additionally, the optimal volumes of data were roughly eight figures per screen and the graphical formats were better than digital formats for either searching or detection /prediction tasks. Finally, some further researches are recommended.     

The mechanisms of project management of software development

The changing environments of software development such as component-based, distributed and outsourced software development require matching changes by project managers to monitor, control and coordinate their projects. While the objectives of project management may be well established, the mechanisms with which those objectives are achieved are less well known. An empirical study was undertaken to investigate which mechanisms were used by practising project managers to monitor, control and coordinate software development projects.First, the types of mechanisms are discussed so that the mechanisms can be classified usefully. Then, the design of the empirical study is described. The data were collected through structured interview, which provided both quantitative and qualitative data. The data are analysed for each mechanism separately and the findings presented. The study found that project managers use multiple mechanisms to achieve project management objectives and use the same mechanism to serve multiple objectives. Further research is suggested to investigate project management from the opposite orientation, that is, which objectives are served by specific project management mechanisms.     

A modular laboratory for process control and process engineering

A modular laboratory to support process control and process engineering teaching has been designed and commissioned. The Instrumentation and Control Laboratory in the School of Engineering, Murdoch University, is unique in that it contains no fixed experiments. Rather, an experiment is constructed for a particular teaching concept from the range of process modules available. After use, the experiment is disconnected, and its components used for other experiments or returned to a store. This modular approach has allowed great flexibility in the construction of experiments to meet current learning objectives, while proving very cost effective. The reuse of equipment has avoided duplication and provided a much higher usage factor, allowing a wider menu of experiments for less investment. The other unique aspect of the laboratory is its centralised data acquisition and control system in which every measurement and control signal is linked to a central server and then made available across a network.