电沉积制备镍-铁-钨合金析氢电极的工艺研究

以紫铜片为基体电沉积制备了Ni–Fe–W合金电极。研究了镀液中不同组分的浓度和工艺条件对Ni–Fe–W合金析氢性能的影响,得到最佳镀液配方和工艺条件为:NiSO4·6H2O80g/L,FeSO4·7H2O20g/L,Na2WO4·2H2O0.020mol/L,Na3C6H5O7·2H2O 0.5 mol/L,H3BO3 0.65 mol/L,Na2SO4 0.1 mol/L,十二烷基硫酸钠0.1 g/L,pH 5~6,温度30°C,电流密度4 A/dm2,磁力搅拌800 r/min,时间30 min。在该条件下所得Ni–Fe–W合金电极表面Ni、Fe和W的原子分数为63.79%、34.35%和1.86%,具有较大的比表面积,在30%KOH溶液中的析氢催化活性较好。     

Experimental study on SO2 recovery using a sodium-zinc sorbent based flue gas desulfurization technology

A sodium–zinc sorbent based flue gas desulfurization technology (Na–Zn-FGD) was proposed based on the experiments and analyses of the thermal decomposition characteristics of CaSO3 and ZnSO3·2.5H2O, the waste products of calcium-based semi-dry and zinc-based flue gas desulfurization (Ca–SD-FGD and Zn–SD-FGD) tech-nologies, respectively. It was found that ZnSO3·2.5H2O first lost crystal H2O at 100 °C and then decomposed into SO2 and solid ZnO at 260 °C in the air, while CaSO3 is oxidized at 450 °C before it decomposed in the air. The ex-perimental results confirm that Zn–SD-FGD technology is good for SO2 removal and recycling, but with problem in clogging and high operational cost. The proposed Na–Zn-FGD is clogging proof, and more cost-effective. In the new process, Na2CO3 is used to generate Na2SO3 for SO2 absorption, and the intermediate product NaHSO3 reacts with ZnO powders, producing ZnSO3·2.5H2O precipitate and Na2SO3 solution. The Na2SO3 solution is clogging proof, which is re-used for SO2 absorption. By thermal decomposition of ZnSO3·2.5H2O, ZnO is re-generated and SO2 with high purity is co-produced as well. The cycle consumes some amount of raw material Na2CO3 and a small amount of ZnO only. The newly proposed FGD technology could be a substitute of the traditional semi-dry FGD technologies.     

复合固体超强酸SO42-/Fe2O3/Al2O3/ZnO/ZrO2催化剂的制备及其催化性能

沉淀法由Fe（NO3）3、Al（NO3）3、Zn（Ac）2、ZrOCl2和H2 SO4制备SO42-/Fe2O3/Al2O3/ZnO/ZrO2催化剂,用于催化合成苯乙酮乙二醇缩酮,研究了醇酮摩尔比、反应时间、带水剂用量、催化剂用量等对产品收率的影响.结果表明,在n（苯乙酮）∶n（乙二醇）=1∶1.2,苯乙酮物质的量为0.2 mol,催化剂的量是反应物料总质量的1.5％,带水剂甲苯20 mL,100～120℃回流反应60 min的条件下,苯乙酮乙二醇缩酮的收率达98.8％.     

仿古铸铁的局部腐蚀和相转移研究

The corrosion behaviors of simulated archaeological iron in solution （0.06 mol·L^-1 NaCl＋0.03 mol·L^-1 Na2SO4＋0.01 mol·L^-1 NaHCO3） simulating soil water composition was investigated by potentialdynamic polarization, constant potential polarization, and simulated occluded cell （O.C.） galvanostatic tests. X-ray diffraction （XRD）, energy dispersive spectrometry （EDS）, and scanning electron microscope （SEM） were used to study the corrosion morphology and the evolution of corrosion product. The objective was to discover the transformation process of archaeological iron, and determine the distribution of chlorinated corrosion products. The results showed that the presence of crevice, cavities, and channels facilitates the localized corrosion under rusts; the autocatalytic effect increases the concentration of Fe^2＋, Cl^-, and SO4^2- , and promotes local acidification within the crevices and cavities. Meanwhile, the phase transformation of corrosion products is concluded to proceed by means of two ways. One is that the ferrous ions are transformed into different kinds of FeOOH via the intermediate Fe（Ⅱ）-Fe（Ⅲ） hydroxyl-salt （i.e. Green Rusts）; the other is that the Fe^2＋ ions are transformed into FeCl2, FeCl3, and orange powders akaganeite at the crevices and cavities.     

树脂纳米零价铁催化过硫酸钠降解刚果红的研究

使用合成的树脂纳米零价铁(NZVI-resin)作为铁源,采用活化过硫酸钠(PDS)的方式产生具有强氧化性的硫酸根自由基,以偶氮染料刚果红(CR)为目标污染物,考察了硫酸根自由基对甲基橙的氧化降解行为。系统研究了温度、pH值、NZVI-resin加入量及过硫酸钠的浓度等因素对过硫酸钠氧化降解刚果红效率的影响,探讨了其降解动力学。结果表明:在pH=3.0、纳米零价铁用量为0.067 g·L-1、Na2S2O8的投加量为0.67 g·L-1的条件下,初始浓度为20 mg·L-1的刚果红溶液的降解率为84.59%;该降解反应符合准一级反应动力学方程。     

混凝—光催化氧化法处理合成胶废水的研究

以硫酸亚铁和过氧化氢作为催化剂,采用混凝—光催化氧化法,通过混凝、Fenton试剂和紫外光照射处理合成胶废水.考察了混凝剂种类及加量、FeSO4·7H2O加量、处理时间、pH值、H2 O2加量及投加方式对合成胶废水COD去除率的影响,确定最佳处理条件如下:以硫酸铁为混凝剂、其加量2500 mg·L-1,FeSO4·7H...     

水热法制备钴铝尖晶石型纳米晶液体陶瓷颜料

以硝酸钴、硝酸铝和氢氧化钠为主要原料,采用水热法通过一系列正交对比实验制备了较纯净、结晶完整,直径为100nm左右且分散性良好的CoAl2O4纳米晶。用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)及X射线能量色散谱仪(EDS)测定了粉体的晶相组成、微观形貌和元素组成。实验结果表明:水热法制备CoAl2O4纳米晶的最佳工艺条件为水热温度T=200℃、水热时间t=16h、前驱液摩尔浓度C=0.25mol·L-1、pH值=11、Al3+:Co2+=4:1(摩尔比)。球形的CoAl2O4粉体是单晶且沿[311]方向取向生长。     

EDTA—NaOH—Fe2（SO4）3改性沸石除氟性能静态实验研究

为提高天然沸石除氟性能,比较了不同方法改性的沸石对水样的除氟效果,并通过静态吸附实验对其中效果最好的EDTA-NaOH—Fe2（SO4）3改性沸石进行了除氟条件优化。结果表明;以EDTA-NaOH—Fe2（SO4）3改性沸石除氟时,EDTA、NaOH和Fe2（SO4）3的最佳浓度分别为0．2mol·L-1、1．0mol·L-1和1．0mol·L-1,最佳粒径、投料量、水样pH值、吸附时间和水样温度分别为60目、5．0g·（100mL）-1、7．0、60min和50℃。含氟20．0mg·L-1的高氟水经改性沸石处理2次后,F-浓度降至1．0mg·L-1以下,符合国家生活饮用水标准。     

固体酸S_2O_8~(2-)/Fe_2O_3-SiO_2催化制备马来酸二己酯

在铁氧化物中引入硅的氧化物 ,并用S2 O82 -浸渍铁硅复合氧化物 ,制得固体酸催化剂S2 O82 -/Fe2 O3 SiO2 (Ⅰ )。用马来酸酐与正己醇的酯化反应考察了催化剂的活性。通过XRD和TEM分析 ,对催化剂的结构进行了表征。结果表明 ,Ⅰ的最佳制备条件为 :n(Fe)∶n(Si)为 5∶1、70℃陈化 3h ,2 0 0℃焙烧 2h、用 0 2 5mol/L的 (NH4) 2 S2 O8浸渍 3h、在 5 5 0℃下煅烧 6h ;Ⅰ的催化活性比S2 O2 -8/Fe2 O3 和SO2 -4/Fe2 O3 SiO2 更强 ,S2 O2 -8对Fe2 O3 SiO2 的促进作用明显高于SO2 -4;SiO2 的引入提高了催化剂的分散效果 ;有较好的使用重复性 ;它代替硫酸、对甲苯磺酸用于催化马来酸酐和正己醇的酯化反应可得无色透明的酯化产物     

复合固体超强酸SO2-4-/Fe2O3/ZnO/ZrO2催化合成苯乙酮1,3-丙二醇缩酮

通过沉淀、老化、过滤、洗涤、干燥、浸渍和焙烧等过程,由Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、Al(NO3)3·9H2O和ZrOCl2·8H2O制备SO2-4/Fe2O3/ZnO/ZrO2催化剂,研究酮与醇物质的量比、反应时间、带水剂用量和催化剂用量等因素对产品收率的影响.结果表明,SO2-4/Fe2O3/ZnO/ZrO2是合成苯...     

中低温低泡除油剂的研究

研究了一种能在低温下除去金属表面油污的低泡除油剂.采用复配试验筛选了合适的低泡非离子表面活性剂.通过正交试验研究了各组分对除油效果的影响,得到中低温低泡除油剂的最佳配方为:DOWFAX 2A1 1.0 g/L,TX-10 1.25 g/L,天然植物醇油烷氧基化物0.5 g/L,EP2445 0.25 g/L,Na2Si...     

UV/H2O2/草酸铁络合物处理水中聚丙烯酰胺

采用UV/H2O2/草酸铁作为氧化剂氧化降解水中的聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)。研究了H2O2投加量、反应时间、n(Fe3+):n(草酸)对PAM降解的影响。试验结果表明,在室温25℃,n(Fe3+):n(草酸)=1:3,H2O2浓度为15 mmol.L-1,pH=3的条件下,光照120 min后,质量浓度为400 mg.L-1的PAM的去除率达到88.3%,与其它光氧化体系相比,去除效果较为明显。     

铁系混凝剂对果绿染料废水的去除效果研究

采用化学混凝剂处理果绿染料废水,探讨了两种混凝剂FeSO4·7H2O和Fe(NO3)3·9H2O的不同投放量和pH值对废水COD和色度的去除率的影响.研究结果表明,两种混凝剂都随着投加量的增加呈现先上升再下降的趋势,FeSO4·7H2O的最佳投放量为0.9g/L,此时,COD和色度去除率分别为77.5%和88.2%;F...     

Hierarchical porous MgBO2(OH) microspheres:Hydrothermal synthesis,thermal decomposition,and application as adsorbents for Congo red removal

A facile eco-friendly hydrothermal route(180 °C, 12.0 h) has been developed for the first time to the uniform hierarchical porous MgBO_2(OH) microspheres without the aid of any organic additive, surfactant or template, by using the abundant MgCl_2·6 H_2 O, H_3BO_3 and NaOH as the raw materials. The as-obtained porous microspheres exhibit a specific surface area of 94.752 mg·g~(-1), pore volume of 0.814 cm3·g~(-1), and ca. 84.0% of which have a diameter of 2.25–3.40 μm. The thermal decomposition of the porous MgBO_2(OH) microspheres(650 °C,2.5 °C·min~(-1)) leads to the porous Mg_2B_2O_5 microspheres with well-retained morphology. When utilized as the adsorbents for the removal of CR from mimic waste water, the present porous MgBO_2(OH) microspheres exhibit satisfactory adsorption capacity, with the maximum adsorption capacity q~(-1) mof 309.1 mg·g, much higher than that derived from most of the referenced adsorbents. This opens a new window for the facile green hydrothermal synthesis of the hierarchical porous MgBO_2(OH) microspheres, and extends the potential application of the 3 D hierarchical porous metal borates as high-efficiency adsorbents for organic dyes removal.     

利用控制结晶技术合成单分散硫酸钡微粒

采用控制结晶法制备硫酸钡颗粒,通过XRD、SEM以及傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）对制备的粉体进行分析表征,并研究反应温度、反应物浓度以及PEG的用量等反应条件对硫酸钡颗粒形貌的影响。结果表明：反应温度、反应物浓度以及PEG的用量对硫酸钡颗粒形貌有显著的影响。在Na2SO4浓度为0.75 mol.L-1,30℃等反应条件下可以获得D50=248 nm的硫酸钡颗粒;当Na2SO4浓度为0.25 mol.L-1,PEG用量为0.08 g.mL-1等反应条件时可以获得D50=3.5μm的硫酸钡颗粒。     

微波诱导催化氧化处理二乙基次膦酸铝废水

采用微波诱导活性炭负载铁铜(Fe_3O_4-CuO-AC)催化H_2O_2、Na_2S_2O_8处理二乙基次膦酸铝(AlPi)废水,探究了两种体系下pH、催化剂投加量、氧化剂投加量、温度等因素对废水中总磷去除率的影响,对比了双氧化体系(MW/Fe_3O_4-CuO-AC/Na_2S_2O_8+H_2O_2)与两种单一氧化体系(MW/Fe_3O_4-CuO-AC/Na_2S_2O_8、MW/Fe_3O_4-CuO-AC/H_2O_2)对AlPi的氧化效果。结果表明,双氧化体系对AlPi模拟废水和工业废水中总磷的去除率可分别达到85.47%、71.43%,显著高于单一氧化体系。     

SO2-4/Fe2O3固体酸的制备及其催化合成生物柴油的研究

探讨了SO2-4/Fe2O3固体酸催化剂的最佳制备条件,将其用于催化合成生物柴油,考察了催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间及醇酸摩尔比对酯化反应的影响.结果表明,当浸渍硫酸浓度为0.5 mol·L-1、焙烧温度为600℃、焙烧时间为3 h时催化剂活性最强;利用自制的固体酸催化剂催化合成生物柴油,在催化剂用量为3%(以油酸质...     

Desulfurization of liquid hydrocarbon fuels via Cu_2O catalyzed photooxidation coupled with liquid–liquid extraction

By combining the photochemical reaction and liquid–liquid extraction(PODS), we studied desulfurization of model fuel and FCC gasoline. The effects of air flow, illumination time, extractants, volume ratios of extractant/fuel, and catalyst amounts on the desulfurization process of PODS were analyzed in detail. Under the conditions with the air as oxidant(150 ml·min~(-1)), the mixture of DMF–water as extractant(the volume ratio of extractant/oil of 0.5) and photo-irradiation time of 2 h, the sulfur removal rate reached only 42.63% and 39.54% for the model and FCC gasoline, respectively. Under the same conditions, the sulfur removal rate increased significantly up to79% for gasoline in the presence of Cu_2O catalyst(2 g·L~(-1)). The results suggest that the PODS combined with a Cu_2O catalyst seems to be a promising alternative for sulfur removal of gasoline.     

SO42-/Fe2O3固体酸的制备及其催化合成生物柴油的研究

探讨了SO42-/Fe2O3固体酸催化剂的最佳制备条件,将其用于催化合成生物柴油,考察了催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间及醇酸摩尔比对酯化反应的影响。结果表明,当浸渍硫酸浓度为0.5mol·L-1、焙烧温度为600℃、焙烧时间为3h时催化剂活性最强;利用自制的固体酸催化剂催化合成生物柴油,在催化剂用量为3%（以油酸质量计）、反应温度为70℃、反应时间为2h、甲醇与油酸摩尔比为2∶1的最佳反应条件下,酯化率为63.2%。     

Cr^3+掺杂对ZnGa2O4光催化性能影响的研究

试验以Ga(NO3)3·9H2O、Zn(NO3)2·6H2O、Cr(NO3)3·9H2O、Na3C6H5O7·2H2O为原料,采用水热法制备Cr^3+掺杂ZnGa2O4。通过XRD、TEM对样品的结构和形貌进行表征,通过UV-vis DRS、PL对样品进行光学性能表征,利用紫外-可见光分度计测试罗丹明B的吸光度变化情况对样品进行光催化性能检测。研究掺杂量、煅烧温度、保温时间对ZnGa2O4的影响,试验结果表明,最佳制备条件为:Cr^3+掺杂量1.0%、煅烧温度700℃、保温时间8 h。最佳条件下ZnGa1.99Cr0.01O4降解罗丹明B在60 min降解率可达97%;ZnGa1.99Cr0.01O4产氢量为446.4μmol/g,对比Zn Ga2O4产氢量为184.7μmol/g,产氢量增加。