Cu_2O/聚苯胺/不锈钢电极光电催化还原CO_2

利用电化学氧化还原法在不锈钢基底上制备聚苯胺纳米管(PANI-NTs),将Cu2O沉积到PANI-NTs上,得到Cu2O/PANI/不锈钢电极,通过循环伏安法(CV)考察了Cu2O/PANI/不锈钢电极的电化学行为。采用XRD、TEM对Cu2O/PANI/不锈钢电极的结构进行了表征,借助乙酰丙酮分光光度法和气相色谱法对CO_2还原产物进行了检测。结果表明:PANI在不锈钢基底上以直立的中空纳米管形式横向生长,内径约为100 nm,外径约为200 nm;Cu2O/PANI/不锈钢电极对HCO3-/CO_2具有优良的光电催化还原性能;Cu2O/PANI/不锈钢电极光电催化还原CO_215 h后,溶液中甲醛的浓度为29.5μmol/L。     

Cu_2O/Fe_2O_3复合物的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用电子束辐照技术制备了不同Cu_2O含量的Cu_2O/Fe_2O_3复合物。通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见(UV-vis)等表征方法对复合物的结构和表面物性进行了研究。结果表明,随着Cu_2O含量的增加,Cu_2O各晶面的衍射强度增强,峰也逐渐宽化;合成的复合物为正八面体,粒径尺寸在50~175 nm之间;复合物的紫外-可见吸收光谱蓝移。将复合物用于金橙Ⅱ的可见光催化降解反应,当Cu_2O含量为90%时其催化活性最好,经过30 min的降解,染料的降解率超过90。     

Cu/Cu_2O复合纳米防污抗藻新材料的研制

研究了合成Cu/Cu2O复合纳米粒子的可行工艺路线,并以Cu/Cu2O复合纳米粒子为主要防污抗藻主体,使之与有效载体——活化促进剂及控制缓释剂相复合,研制出新型高效防污抗藻剂。该防污抗藻剂可以很容易地加入到聚烯烃类材料所制成的养殖网线中,其应用表明防污有效期在6个月以上,取得了良好的防污抗藻效果。     

2-Ethyl-9,10-anthraquinone assisted sol–gel synthesis of Pd/γ-Al_2O_3 nanorods with enhanced catalytic performance in 2-ethyl-9,10-anthraquinone hydrogenation

A series of nanorod-like porous Pd/γ-Al_2 O_3 catalysts with controllable textural properties and enhanced catalytic performance in 2-ethyl-9,10-anthraquinone(eAQ) hydrogenation for H_2 O_2 preparation were successfully prepared via a facile sol-gel method using aluminum isopropoxide as aluminum precursor and eAQ as structure directing agent,sequential calcination and impregnation process with Na_2 PdCl_4 solution.The physicochemical properties of the catalysts obtained with different addition amounts of eAQ.were comparatively characterized by XRD,TG-DSC,BET,TEM,CO-TPR,H_2-TPR and H_2-O_2 titration.The results show that addition of eAQ can not only effectively control the textural properties(surface area,pore volume and average pore size) of the catalysts,but also lower their reduction temperature of active metal.Importantly,the catalyst obtained with an addition amount of 4 wt% eAQ shows the highest hydrogenation efficiency of 10.28 g·L~(-1),which is 37.3% higher than 7.49 g·L~(-1) of the catalyst obtained without eAQ.     

Cu2O催化甲醛乙炔化反应助剂效应

在液相还原法制备的纯Cu2O样品中,采用浸渍法分别引入Mg、Al、Fe助剂制备Cu2O-MgO、Cu2O-Al2O3、Cu2O-Fe2O3催化剂。采用XRD、FT-IR、TEM和H2-TPR等对催化剂进行表征,研究不同助剂的加入对甲醛乙炔化反应的影响。结果表明,不同助剂对催化剂的结晶度和可还原性能有较大影响,进而使甲醛乙炔化表现出不同的催化活性。相比MgO与Al2O3,Fe2O3的引入,使Cu2O结晶度明显下降,主要是由于Fe2O3与Cu2O之间产生强的相互作用,有利于乙炔亚铜活性物种的形成,从而表现出最优的催化性能。     

CuO和B2O3复合掺杂对BaTi2O5陶瓷的降温烧结与电性能研究

采用非均相共沉淀法制备Ba Ti2O5粉体,以固相烧结法制备了Cu O和B2O3复合掺杂的Ba Ti2O5陶瓷,并对样品进行了XRD、SEM表征和电性能测试。结果表明:掺杂后制得的Ba Ti2O5陶瓷在1100℃烧结2 h的致密度达到96.71%,晶粒发育较完整,在室温下具有良好的铁电滞后特征,在测试频率1 KHz时,Ba Ti2O5陶瓷的介电常数为εr=71.96,说明在烧结过程中加入复合烧结助剂Cu O和B2O3可以促进液相形成并减少了气孔率,从而提高了陶瓷的致密度和介电性能。     

Cu2O/PANI/不锈钢电极光电催化还原CO2

利用电化学氧化还原法在不锈钢基底上制备聚苯胺纳米管(PANI NTs),将Cu2O沉积到PANI NTs,得到Cu2O/PANI/不锈钢电极,通过循环伏安法（CV）研究Cu2O/PANI/不锈钢电极的电化学行为。采用X-射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）对Cu2O/PANI NTs进行结构表征,借助乙酰丙酮分光光度法和气相色谱法对CO2还原产物进行检测。结果表明：PANI在不锈钢基底上以直立的中空纳米管的形式横向生长,内经约为100nm,外径约为200nm;Cu2O/PANI NTs具有优良的光电催化还原性能,对 /CO2具有催化活性;Cu2O/PANI/不锈钢电极光电催化还原CO215h 后溶液中甲醛的浓度为29.5μmol/L。     

负载型Cu_2O/MgO催化剂制备及催化正己醇脱氢制备正己醛

以氧化镁粉末为载体,N2H4·H2O为还原剂,采用浸渍还原法制备Cu2O/MgO催化剂。考察制备条件对催化剂活性的影响,最佳原料配比为n(Cu2+)∶n(NaOH)∶n(N2H4·H2O)=5∶11∶5,对筛选出最佳条件下制备的催化剂进行正己醇脱氢制备正己醛工艺条件考察,采用SEM、XRD和BET对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,在反应温度250℃、空速1.25 m L·(h·g)-1、催化剂用量12 g和N2流速0.05 L·min-1条件下,正己醇转化率为59.33%,正己醛选择性为93.81%。     

Cu2O/CuO的制备及光催化性能研究

以葡萄糖为还原剂、采用液相法首先制备了八面体Cu_2O光催化剂,然后以其为基体,通过原位氧化Cu_2O的方式构筑Cu_2O/CuO复合光催化剂。通过XRD、拉曼、XPS对其成分进行检测,TEM、SEM观察其粒径和形貌;研究了亚甲基蓝降解工艺条件,实验结果表明,ρ(亚甲基蓝)=5 mg/L的溶液100 mL、Cu_2O/CuO复合光催化剂的最佳添加量为10 mg、体系pH=11时亚甲基蓝的降解效果最好。通过对最佳条件下循环降解实验表明,Cu_2O/CuO复合光催化剂有着良好的循环稳定性能。     

利用酸性CuCl2蚀刻废液制备微米级Cu2O粉体

以含CuCl2酸性蚀刻废液为原料,葡萄糖为还原剂,采用液相还原法制备分散性好的微米级Cu2O粉. 实验确定最佳制备条件为：反应温度80℃,终点pH值8~9,反应时间1 h,还原剂和铜离子摩尔比为0.8. 所制Cu2O产品纯度为99.34%,Cu回收率可达99.7%. 进一步采用XRD, SEM, LZS, TG等手段对产物进行表征,结果表明产品为高纯Cu2O,粒径为1.8~2.2 mm,空心多面体结构,且常温下抗氧化性好,有可能用于催化剂、涂料、染料等的制备.     

Liquid–liquid equilibrium extraction of ethanol with mixed solvent for bioethanol concentration

The extraction of ethanol with the solvents of aldehydes mixed with m-xylene was studied for the bioethanol concentration process.Furfural and benzaldehyde were selected as extraction solvents,with which the solubility of water is small,expecting large distribution coefficient of ethanol.The liquid–liquid two-phase region was the largest with m-xylene solvent,followed by benzaldehyde and furfural.The region of two liquid–liquid phase became larger with the mixed solvent of m-xylene and furfural than that with furfural solvent.The NRTL model was applied to the ethanol–water–furfural–m-xylene system,and the model could well express the liquid–liquid equilibrium of the system.For any solvent used in this study,the separation selectivity of ethanol relative to water decreased as the distribution coefficient of ethanol increased.The separation selectivity with m-xylene was the largest among the employed solvents,but the distribution coefficient was the smallest.The solvent mixture of furfural and m-xylene showed relatively high distribution coefficient of ethanol and separation selectivity,even in the higher mass fraction of m-xylene in the solvent phase.The ethanol extraction with a countercurrent multistage extractor by a continuous operation was simulated to evaluate the extraction performance.The ethanol content could be concentrated in the extract phase with relatively small number of extraction stages but low yield of ethanol was obtained.     

活性炭负载Cu2O光催化材料的制备及应用

以活性炭为载体,用液相合成法制备活性炭负载Cu20,并以吸附降解甲基橙的效果探讨该催化剂光催化氧化性能。试验结果表明,当模拟甲基橙染料废水的初始质量浓度为200mg·L^-,反应时间为60min,催化剂投加量为11．0g·L^-1时,对模拟染料废水中甲基橙的去除率可达85．01％。6次重复使用后对甲基橙的去除率仍可达77％以上。     

Fabrication of corrosion-resistant Al2O3–CeO2 composite coating on AA7075 via plasma electrolytic oxidation coupled with electrophoretic deposition

Al₂O₃–CeO₂ composite coating was fabricated on AA7075 by combining plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) with electrophoretic deposition (EPD). CeO₂ nanoparticles are electrophoretically incorporated into the plasma electrolytic oxidized Al₂O₃ coatings by the synergetic effect of PEO and EPD processes. The passivation behavior of Al₂O₃ and inhibiting nature of CeO₂ have been studied by the electrochemical corrosion analysis in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution and salt spray corrosion test (SSCT) in 5 wt% NaCl as per ASTM standards. The results showed that the Al₂O₃–CeO₂ composite coating via PEO coupled EPD significantly improved the corrosion resistance (~10³ times higher R_p) compared to the plasma electrolytic oxidized Al₂O₃ coating.     

Cu2O负载SBA-15的合成与表征

利用Vc一步还原的策略合成了Cu_2O负载的SBA-15有序介孔材料。利用XRD、SEM与UV-vis等对Cu_2O负载SBA-15介孔材料进行了表征。研究了乙酸铜加入量对SBA-15介孔材料的有序度、表面形貌和Cu_2O纳米晶体负载量的影响,以及Cu_2O负载SBA-15对甲基橙的催化性能。结果表明:介孔材料保持了完好的二维六方介观结构,随着乙酸铜加入量增加,Cu_2O纳米晶体负载量增多;Cu_2O负载SBA-15对水溶液中的甲基橙展现出良好的催化氧化性能,在25min内,降解率达到100%。     

纳米Cu2O催化合成p-羟基苯甲醚

为提高由p-氨基苯甲醚经重氮化制备p-羟基苯甲醚的反应产率,利用超声震荡法制备了纳米Cu2O催化剂。在此基础上,结合对产率与催化剂粒径、催化剂用量、水解反应时间和水解反应温度之间变化数据的测定,得到了有利于产率提高的实验操作条件。结果表明,与传统Cu2O催化剂相比,纳米Cu2O催化剂可有效提高p-羟基苯甲醚的产品收率,且产率高值区所对应的实验操作条件分别为催化剂与原料质量比约等于3、水解反应时间为5~10 min及水解反应温度为10~20℃。     

在离子液体[BMIM]BF4-水中制备Cu2O粒子

以CuCl2.2H2O和NaOH为原料,离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐[BMIM]BF4-水混合溶剂为介质,利用化学还原法在112℃反应12 h合成了Cu2O粒子,考察了[BMIM]BF4对产物的影响。用XRD、ESEM/EDS和TEM/SAED对Cu2O粒子进行了结构和形貌表征;用FTIR和TG/DSC证实了离子液体修饰在Cu2O粒子的表面,从而有效地阻止了Cu2O粒子的氧化和团聚;用紫外-可见吸收光谱估测了Cu2O粒子的带隙能量为2.38 eV。离子液体在反应中发挥了还原剂、稳定剂、分散剂和模板剂的多重作用。     

恒电流法制备Cu2O/TiO2复合纳米管阵列异质结光电极

通过在含F-离子的电解液中阳极氧化Ti薄片基底制备了TiO2纳米管阵列,随后通过恒电流沉积的方法在在TiO2纳米管阵列顶部原位电沉积了Cu2O纳米颗粒。场发射电子扫描显微镜显示TiO2纳米管这列被成功制备,通过恒电流电化学沉积后,TiO2纳米管阵列顶部出现大量纳米颗粒物质,并且随着沉积时间的延长,可以控制沉积物的量。通过X-射线衍射谱的特征衍射谱图我们可以发现TiO2锐钛矿的衍射峰以及相对较弱的Cu2O衍射峰,这说明Cu2O晶体的结晶度不高。在能谱（EDS）图中我们可以发现Ti、Cu、O三种元素,结合XRD以及FE-SEM结果我们可以指出,通过恒电流法确实可以在TiO2纳米管阵列顶部原位沉积Cu2O纳米颗粒。     

Cu2O光催化降解水中环境内分泌干扰物己烯雌酚性能的研究

采用水解法制备Cu2O,以Cu2O为催化剂,对光催化降解环境内分泌干扰物己烯雌酚(DES)的性能和影响因素进行了研究,利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定降解后水中DES的含量.探讨了溶液的初始浓度、催化剂投加量、pH值以及光照时间对降解效率的影响.当DES初始浓度为51μg/mL,催化剂投加量为0.8g/L,pH值=4.0,光照120min的条件下降解效果达95.02%.     

Solvent extraction kinetics of Sm(Ⅲ),Eu(Ⅲ) and Gd(Ⅲ) with 2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid-2-ethylhexyl ester

Solvent extraction kinetics of Sm(Ⅲ), Eu(Ⅲ) and Gd(Ⅲ) from hydrochloric acid have been focused on using2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid-2-ethylhexyl ester(P507) with Anordning for Kontinuerlig Undersokning av Fordelningsfaktore vid Vatske Extraction(AKUFVE). Compared with the conventional set-up, some advantages emerge obviously, for example, fast phase separation, easy operation and convenience of kinetic data acquisition.First of all, the extraction mechanism was discussed based on the dimeric model of P507. Secondly, the effects of stirring speed were investigated and 420 r·min~(-1) was determined of the following experiments. The effects of pH, concentration of rare earth elements(REEs) and P507 on the extraction rate were analyzed. The results indicated that the extraction mechanism changed with the increasing concentration of P507. Then, the experiments with different temperature were carried out. It turned out that the values of apparent activation energy(E_a) for Sm(Ⅲ), Eu(Ⅲ) and Gd(Ⅲ) extracted by P507 were 26.80 kJ·mol~(-1), 13.40 kJ·mol~(-1) and11.10 kJ·mol~(-1) respectively, the resistance of the entire process was limited by diffusion or both of diffusion and reaction. Finally, the correlation equations were obtained, and the theoretical results fit with the experimental data well, most relative error was within ±30%.     

3种负载Cu2O的载体对印染废水处理的比较

以凹凸棒石、活性炭和超微孔聚氨酯为载体,用液相合成法制备3种负载Cu2O的载体,并以吸附降解罗丹明B的效果,探讨其光催化氧化性能。试验结果表明,当模拟罗丹明B染料废水的初始质量浓度为200mg·L^-1,反应时间为50min,该3种负载Cu2O的载体投加量分别为11．0g·L^-1,9．0g·L^-1和5．og·L^-1,对模拟染料废水中罗丹明B的去除率分别达到81．64％、87．21％和78．46％。5次重复使用该3种催化剂后对罗丹明B的去除率仍较好。