基于BP网的ATM带宽动态分配设计

阐述了利用神经网络预测由连续自动回归(AR)马尔可夫模型所代表的可变位速率通信流量(VBR);在这一理论的基础上,介绍一个BP神经网络模型,它是采用拆分组装方法来构造一个学习结果达到均方根误差全局最小点的BP神经网络,该方法能有效克服局部极小点,缩短学习时间和减小学习难度;该BP神经网络能精确地预测VBR通信流量,从而实现ATM带宽动态分配。     

基于BP网的ATM带宽动态分配设计

阐述了利用神经网络预测由连续自动回归（AR）马尔可夫模型所代表的可变位速率通信流量（VBR）；在这一理论的基础上，介绍一个BP神经网络模型，它是采用拆分组装方法来构造一个学习结果达到均方根误差全局最小点的BP神经网络，该方法能有效克服局部极小点，缩短学习时间和减小学习难度；该BP神经网络能精确地预测VBR通信流量，从而实现ATM带宽动态分配。     

一种基于模糊神经网络的VBR MPEG视频流量预测模型

针对VBR MPEG视频流的复杂特性，充分利用人工智能方法的优势，提出了一种基于模糊神经网络的视频流量预测模型，利用模糊逻辑模型达到减少预测误差的目的，采用神经网络满足网络通信的实时性要求．实验结果表明，该模型比传统AR模型显著提高了预测的准确度和可靠性．     

季节周期性Elman网络的网络流量分析与应用

针对静态前馈网络和Elman网络在网络流量预测中的不足,建立了一个基于改进Elman神经网络的流量模型,并提出了一种基于季节周期性学习方法,根据实际网络中测量得到的网络流量数据,对网络流量进行预测。实验结果表明,该模型具有良好的预测效果,相对于传统线性模型、BP神经网络模型及标准Elman神经网络模型具有更高的预测精度和更好的自适应性,应用于网络流量预测是可行、有效的。     

基于RBF神经网络的网络流量建模及预测

随着计算机网络的迅速发展,目前的网络规模极为庞大和复杂,网络流量预测对于网络管理具有至关重要的意义。根据实际网络中测量的大量网络流量数据,建立了一个基于RBF神经网络的流量模型,给出了RBF神经网络的结构设计及基于正交最小二乘的学习算法,并基于该流量模型对网络流量进行预测。仿真结果表明,该模型具有较高的预测效果,相对于传统线性模型及BP神经网络模型具有更高的预测精度和良好的自适应性。     

基于Elman神经网络的网络流量建模及预测

根据实际网络中测量得到的网络流量数据,建立一个基于Elman神经网络的流量模型,介绍Elman神经网络的架构设计,并提出一种基于正交最小二乘的学习算法,在此基础上对网络流量进行预测。仿真实验结果表明,该模型具有良好的预测效果,相对于传统线性模型及BP神经网络模型具有更高的预测精度和更好的自适应性。     

基于改进BP神经网络的路由器流量预测方法

为了减少路由器的能耗,提出了一种改进的反向传播(BP)神经网络预测路由器流量的方法,在传统BP神经网络的基础上加入学习率自适应算法,提高路由器流量的预测精度和训练速度.运用MATLAB平台构建BP神经网络对网络流量进行建模、训练并预测.仿真结果表明:相较传统预测模型,运用改进的BP神经网络预测模型精度较高,训练速度较快,路由器可以更快、更准确地调整工作状态,实现了有效节能,具有很好的应用前景.     

分段学习的双隐层BPNN对交通流量预测的研究

智能交通系统可有效解决城市道路的拥挤,交通流量的预测是智能交通系统的关键技术之一。在各种预测方法中,BP神经网络的应用最普遍,并取得了许多成果。为了进一步提高BP神经网络的预测精度,采用了基于分段学习的双隐层BP神经网络对济南市经十路的交通流量进行了预测,并与相同结构未使用分段学习方法的BP神经网络预测所得结果进行了比较。实验数据显示采用分段学习的方法比未采用该方法的所得结果平均相对误差减少了2.52%。因此分段学习的双隐层BP神经网络可应用于预测道路交通流量。     

融合模拟退火算法的神经网络流量预测研究

为了提高网络流量预测的精度,针对BP网收敛极易陷入局部极小点的缺陷,引入模拟退火算法思想优化小波包神经网络,对网络流量数据的时间序列进行建模预测。先将原始网络流量序列进行小波包消噪,将消噪后的序列作为融合模拟退火思想的小波包神经网络的输入,待预测序列作为输出。通过消噪后的前N天的流量序列,预测出后M天流量序列。仿真实验结果表明,与直接利用小波神经网络预测的模型比较,融合了模拟退火算法思想的小波包神经网络具有更好的预测能力。     

大学生综合素质评价中BP神经网络的建模与仿真

介绍了神经网络的基本理论,指出传统BP算法存在的问题及改进方法。在建立大学生综合素质评价指标体系的基础上,提出并建立了一个BP神经网络模型。采用基于动量法和自适应学习率的BP算法对网络进行训练,避免网络陷入局部极小点,提高训练效率。应用该模型对大学生综合素质评价进行仿真,结果表明,利用神经网络进行大学生综合素质评价具有良好的前景。     

Traffic characterization algorithms for VBR video in multimedia networks

A network that offers deterministic, i.e., worst case, quality-of-service guarantees to variable-bit-rate (VBR) video must provide a resource reservation mechanism that allocates bandwidth, buffer space, and other resources for each video stream. Such a resource reservation scheme must be carefully designed, otherwise network resources are wasted. A key component for the design of a resource reservation scheme is the traffic characterization method that specifies the traffic arrivals on a video stream. The traffic characterization should accurately describe the actual arrivals, so that a large number of streams can be supported; but it must also map directly into efficient traffic-policing mechanisms that monitor arrivals on each stream. In this study, we present a fast and accurate traffic characterization method for stored VBR video in networks with a deterministic service. We use this approximation to obtain a traffic characterization that can be efficiently policed by a small number of leaky buckets. We present a case study where we apply our characterization method to networks that employ a dynamic resource reservation scheme with renegotiation. We use traces from a set of 25–30-min MPEG sequences to evaluate our method against other characterization schemes from the literature.     

可变比特率视频编码及其业务量特征分析

本文就可变比特率视频编码的概念及其在ＡＴＭ网络中传输的优势作了详细阐述对ＶＢＲ视频业务特征进行了分析,特别就目前广泛应用的ＭＰＥＧ视频业务做了大量的统计分析,为该业务建模奠定了基础。     

VBR MPEG视频源流量的智能集成预测模型

由于VBR视频流量的预测能力是直接关系缓冲区设计、动态带宽分配及拥塞控制等提高网络服务质量的关键因素,因此,以多媒体主要应用形式VBRMPEG视频源为研究对象,提出了一种基于模糊神经网络的视频流量智能预测模型。通过设计模糊预测器减少输出比特流的预测误差,采用神经网络减少多步预测的计算量。仿真试验表明,与标准AR模型预测结果相比,该模型显著提高了预测的准确度和可靠性,且易于推广使用。     

Connection admission control of ATM network using integrated MLP and fuzzy controllers

This paper presents a new approach to the problem of call admission control (CAC) of variable bit rate (VBR) traffic in an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network. Our approach employs an integrated neural network and fuzzy controller to implement the CAC controller. This scheme capitalizes on the learning ability of a neural network and the robustness of a fuzzy controller. Experiments show that this scheme is able to achieve high throughput and low cell loss while achieving fairness among different classes of VBR traffic. For comparison, we have also implemented four other CAC schemes: (1) peak bandwidth method, (2) equivalent bandwidth method, (3) average bandwidth method and (4) neural network quality of service (QoS) predictor. Results of these experiments are presented in this paper.     

Neuro-Fuzzy Modeling and Prediction of VBR MPEG Video Sources

The work presented in this paper intends to apply neuro-fuzzy methods for the modeling and prediction on traffic intensity of digital video sources which are coded with hybrid Motion Compensation/Differential Pulse Code Modulation/Discrete Cosine Transform (MC/DPCM/DCT) algorithm. Although current coding standards recommend constant bit rate (CBR) output by means of a smoothing buffer, the hybrid algorithm inherently produces variable bit rate (VBR) output. This paper describes the novel application of a fuzzy predictor for the purposes of modeling and prediction on video sources. The computation requirement of the fuzzy predictor and its neural network implementation are also discussed. The proposed fuzzy prediction method and its neural network version can be applied to the development of connection admission control, usage parameter control and congestion control algorithms in ATM networks.     

基于VBR业务模型的MANET DSR协议仿真性能分析

移动Ad Hoc网络(MANET)是由一组由移动节点组成的无线网络。MANET的性能已经被广泛的进行了研究,但是这些研究很多主要是针对节点的移动性和网络的规模来展开的。近年来,MANET在传输视频、音频、数据、图像等多媒体上的应用越来越多,因此对MANET在传输不同业务模型时的性能分析也引起了注意。本文中,我们主要研究分析了MANETDSR协议在传输VBR业务时的性能,并且将仿真结果和传输CBR业务时的结果进行了比较。通过进一步的分析,我们得出与传输VBR业务相比,在传输CBR业务时,MANET DSR协议性能明显提高。     

On the time scales in video traffic characterization for queueing behavior

To guarantee quality of service (QoS) in future integrated service networks, traffic sources must be characterized to capture the traffic characteristics relevant to network performance. Recent studies reveal that multimedia traffic shows burstiness over multiple time scales and long range dependence (LRD). While researchers agree on the importance of traffic correlation, there is no agreement on how much correlation should be incorporated into a traffic model for performance estimation and dimensioning of networks.In this article, we present an approach for defining a relevant time scale for the characterization of VBR video traffic in the sense of queueing delay. We first consider the Reich formula and characterize traffic by the Piecewise Linear Arrival Envelope Function (PLAEF). We then define the cutoff interval above which the correlation does not affect the queue buildup. The cutoff interval is the upper bound of the time scale which is required for the estimation of queue size and thus the characterization of VBR video traffic. We also give a procedure to approximate the empirical PLAEF with a concave function; this significantly simplifies the calculation in the estimation of the cutoff interval and delay bound with little estimation loss.We quantify the relationship between the time scale in the correlation of video traffic and the queue buildup using a set of experiments with traces of MPEG/JPEG-compressed video. We show that the critical interval, i.e. the range for the correlation relevant to the queueing delay, depends on the traffic load: as the traffic load increases, the range of the time scale required for estimation for queueing delay also increases. These results offer further insights into the implication of LRD in VBR video traffic.     

A QoS Estimation-Based Scheduler for Real-Time Traffic in IEEE 802.11e Mobile Ad hoc Networks

ABSTRACT

For mobile ad hoc networks, the IEEE 802.11e standard specification provides Quality of Service (QoS) facility support in the MAC layer by Enhanced Distribution Channel Access (EDCA), which provides differentiated and distributed access to the wireless medium with four access categories (AC). It works efficiently for constant bit rate (CBR) types of traffic; however, for the case of variable bit rate (VBR) types of traffic, it shows poor performance due to the static nature of computing the number of packets and the time required to transmit these packets. In this paper, we present an EDCA scheduling algorithm that allocates transmission opportunities (TXOP) for fluctuating VBR traffic depending on their queue length estimations for mobile ad hoc networks. We classify the channel state as good or bad based on the channel error conditions. Then the scheduler determines the mean application data rate and estimates the TXOP for the next interval on the same Traffic Stream (TS). By simulation results, we show that the proposed scheduling scheme achieves good throughput and fairness with reduced delay for the VBR traffic class.