FDP FPGA芯片的设计实现

研究了新型的FDP FPGA电路结构及其设计实现.新颖的基于3输入查找表的可编程单元结构,与传统的基于4输入查找表相比,可以提高约11%的逻辑利用率;独特的层次化的分段可编程互联结构以及高效的开关盒设计,使得不同的互联资源可以快速直接相连,大大提高了可编程布线资源效率.FDP芯片包括1600个可编程逻辑单元、160个可用IO、内嵌16k双开块RAM,采用SMIC 0.18μm CMOS工艺全定制方法设计并流片,其裸芯片面积为6.104mm×6.620mm.最终芯片软硬件测试结果表明:芯片各种可编程资源可以高效地配合其软件正确实现用户电路功能.     

FDP FPGA芯片的设计实现

研究了新型的FDP FPGA电路结构及其设计实现.新颖的基于3输入查找表的可编程单元结构,与传统的基于4输入查找表相比,可以提高约11%的逻辑利用率;独特的层次化的分段可编程互联结构以及高效的开关盒设计,使得不同的互联资源可以快速直接相连,大大提高了可编程布线资源效率.FDP芯片包括1600个可编程逻辑单元、160个可用IO、内嵌16k双开块RAM,采用SMIC 0.18μm CMOS工艺全定制方法设计并流片,其裸芯片面积为6.104mm×6.620mm.最终芯片软硬件测试结果表明:芯片各种可编程资源可以高效地配合其软件正确实现用户电路功能.     

一种FPGA新型逻辑单元结构的设计

提出了一种FPGA可编程逻辑单元的新结构,该结构具有较多的输入端数和输出端数,并加入了专用的快速进位逻辑、专用级联链等功能,使得这种结构可用来实现任意4输入的逻辑函数和某些高达11个变量的输入函数;这种结构还可同时实现两个任意3输入的逻辑函数或最多5输入的某些函数,而且也能实现快速的进位计算和高扇入的逻辑运算.与目前一些商业FPGA的逻辑结构进行比较表明,本文提出的单元结构不仅具有较高的资源利用率,而且在性能和函数实现能力上都有较大的优势.     

具有高资源利用率特征的改进型查找表电路结构与优化方法

该文着重研究了FPGA芯片中核心模块基本可编程逻辑单元(BLE)的电路结构与优化设计方法,针对传统4输入查找表(LUT)进行逻辑操作和算术运算时资源利用率低的问题,提出一种融合多路选择器的改进型LUT结构,该结构具有更高面积利用率;同时提出一种对映射后网表进行统计的评估优化方法,可以对综合映射后网表进行重新组合,通过预装箱产生优化后网表;最后,对所提结构进行了实验评估和验证。结果表明:与Intel公司Stratix系列FPGA相比,采用该文所提优化结构,在MCNC电路集和VTR电路集下,资源利用率平均分别提高了10.428% 和 10.433%,有效提升了FPGA的逻辑效能。     

Xilinx新出五款VIRTEX-II PRO系列器件

Xilinx近日宣布其业界领先的Virtex—Ⅱ ProTM系列FPGA扩展了五款新的器件,并宣布了新的价格体系。至此,Virtex—Ⅱ Pro系列产品扩展到共有10款,其中最大规模的器件在逻辑密度、存储器、DSP、处理能力和I/O方面创建了可编程逻辑器件的新纪录。另外,在新的价格体系下,与任何其他在逻辑单元、存储器密度和性能方面可比的FPGA产品相比,Virtex—Ⅱ Pro FPGA器件可节约高达40％的成本。 Xilinx今年2月推出的Virtex-ⅡPro 系列产品是130nm CMOS FPGA系列产品,集成了PowerPC微处理器技术和3.125 Gbps串行收发器的FPGA系列产品。在新的价格结构中,Virtex—Ⅱ     

FPGA的工作原理及其应用

<正> 现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)是可编程器件。与传统逻辑电路和门阵列(如PAL、GAL及CPLD器件)相比,FPGA具有不同的结构,FPGA利用小型查找表(16×1RAM)来实现组合逻辑;每个查找表连接到一个D触发器的输入端,触发器再来驱动其它逻辑电路或驱动I/O,由此构成了既可实现组合逻辑功能又可实现时序逻辑功能的基本逻辑单元模块;这些模块间利用金属连线互相连接或连接到I/O模块。FPGA的逻辑是通过     

可编程ASIC基本资源的发展趋势

可编程ＡＳＩＣ可以由用户编程实现专门要求的功能是由于其提供了三种可编程资源：１位于芯片中央的可编程功能单元;２位于芯片四周的可编程Ｉ／Ｏ;３．分布在芯片各处的可编程布线资源。可编程ＡＳＩＣ器件要实现芯片上集成系统,还要具有第四种资源一片内ＲＡＭ,本文介绍这些资源及其技术发展趋势。１功能单元当今可配置逻辑器件的功能单元有以下几种。１．１ＲＡＭ查找表在ＳＲＡＭ查找表结构中输入变量作为地址用来从ＲＡＭ存储器中选择数值,ＲＡＭ存储器中预先加载进去要实现函数的真值表数值,因此可以实现输入变量的所有可能的逻…     

满足应用和发展的需求,XILINX推出多项FPGA最新产品

现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)由掩模可编程门阵列(MPGA)和可编程逻辑器件(PLD)两者演变而来并将它们的特性结合在一起,因此FPGA既有门阵列的高逻辑密度和通用性,又有可编程逻辑器件的用户可编程特性.它通常由布线资源围绕的可编程逻辑单元构成阵列,又由可编程I/O单元围绕阵列构成整个芯片,排成阵列的逻辑单元由布线通道中的可编程内连线连结起来实现一定的逻辑功能.对于ASIC设计来说,采用FPGA在实现小型化、集成化和高可靠性的同时,减少了风险,降低了成本,缩短了周期.这些特点使FPGA近年来发展迅速.Xilinx公司为适应各种应用的需要,在1995年推出多个新产品系列,如有双口RAM的XC4000E,大容量低成本的XC5200系列,反熔丝型门海结构的XC8100系列和可再配置协处理器的XC6200系列等,以及XACT6.0开发系统,由此也可看出FPGA的发展势头.本文以XC8100系列为主对其新产品作一介绍.     

基于SOI的抗辐射加固FPGA芯片

介绍抗辐射VS1000 FPGA芯片架构及其设计实现。改进的基于3输入查找表的多模式逻辑单元,与传统的基于4输入查找表相比,可以提高约12%的逻辑利用率。逻辑模块由两个逻辑单元组成,可以被配置成两种工作模式：LUT模式和分布式RAM模式。新颖的层次化布线通道模块和开关模块可以极大的提高布线资源的布通率。VS1000芯片包括392个可编程逻辑单元,112个用户IO以及与IEEE 1149.1兼容的边界扫描逻辑,采用0.5 um部分耗尽绝缘体上硅CMOS工艺全定制设计并流片。功能测试结果表明, 芯片软硬件能够成功配合且实现用户特定功能。抗辐照实验结果表明,抗总剂量水平超过100Krad(Si), 抗瞬态剂量率水平超过1.510¹¹rad(Si)/s,抗中子注入量水平达到110¹⁴ n/cm²。     

一种基于AND-LUT的混合FPGA结构

提出了一种混合FPGA新结构--新颖的AND-LUT阵列结构.其创新之处在于由可编程逻辑簇(Cluster)和相关的连接盒(CB)组成的可编程逻辑单元片(Tile)可以根据应用需要灵活地配置成PLA或LUT,前者较适合于高扇入逻辑,后者较适合于低扇入逻辑.因此,结合两者优点的新颖AND-LUT阵列结构在实现各种输入的用户逻辑时都能保持很好的逻辑利用率.MCNC电路测试结果进一步表明,同一逻辑电路在文中提出的混合FPGA新结构中实现与在基于LUT的对称FPGA结构中实现相比,面积平均可节省46%,因而大大提高了FPGA器件的逻辑利用率.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.