不对称亚砜BSO萃取分离某厂料液中钯、铂的研究

研究了不对称亚砜BSO分离某厂真实料液中的钯、铂。采用正交实验法确定的理论最佳条件:c(BSO)=0.3 mol.L-1,c(HCl)=0.1 mol.L-1,t=10 min,可有效地分离钯、铂。钯的一次萃取率达99.72%,用氯化铵-氨水溶液可有效的把钯反萃下来。萃钯后调整萃余液的酸度为4.0 mol.L-1时,用0.5 mol.L-1的BSO进行萃铂,一次萃取率为99.2%,再用蒸馏水把铂反萃下来。     

TOA-TBP从铁合金萃钯余液中协同萃取分离铂

以等离子炉富集产出的铂钯铑铁合金溶解造液萃钯后的余液为原料,选择TOA-TBP混合萃取剂萃取分离铂。研究单一TBP、TOA以及混合体系对铂的萃取行为。结果表明,对于贱金属较高的溶液体系,100%TBP对铂的萃取率仅有80.9%,单一TOA在高浓度下铂的萃取率接近100%,但铑的共萃率也随之上升,最高可达到82.86%。而95%TBP-5%TOA的混合体系在0.5 mol/L HCI,相比为1,旋转速度100 r/min条件下,铂的萃取率达到99.9%以上,铑的共萃率仅为0.2%。选择稀盐酸洗涤负载有机相,10 mol/L盐酸反萃,铂的反萃率达到97.2%。TOA-TBP混合体系可以实现铂铑高效分离,且该体系对铂的萃取具有协同效应。     

正丁基苯并噻唑硫醚萃取分离钯、铂的研究

用正丁基苯并噻唑硫醚 (简写为S)对某厂料液中的钯、铂进行了分离研究。采用正交实验法确定的最佳萃取条件可有效地分离钯、铂。钯的一次萃取率达 99% ,用 9mol·L- 1 的NH3·H2 O反萃 ,一次反萃率也达 99%以上。萃取钯后的萃余液用 [S] =80 %的萃取剂萃取铂 ,两次萃取铂的总萃取率为 98.7% ,再用 10 %NaCl+0 .2 %NaOH反萃两次 ,总反萃率达 96%以上。     

不对称亚砜BSO从废导线溶解液中萃取回收钯的研究

研究了不对称亚砜BSO萃取废导线溶解液中钯、铜、镍的性能, 结果表明, BSO浓度为0.5 mol·L^-1, 盐酸浓度2 mol·L^-1, 相比（O/A）=1, 萃取时间5 min时, 钯的萃取率为99.6%, 铜的萃取率为4.1%, 镍的萃取率几乎为零, 从而实现钯与铜和镍间的分离. 用氯化铵-氨水溶液反萃载钯有机相, 反萃率为96.2%. 钯的总直收率为93.9%.     

合成亚砜MSO萃取分离钯与铂的性能

对合成亚砜MSO萃取钯与铂性能的研究表明，萃取时间、相比、萃取剂酸度及钯与铂的浓度比对钯、铂萃取率都有影响。在控制料液酸度和MSO浓度的条件下可有效地萃取分离钯与铂。也考察了氯化铵的氨水溶液反萃取钯的适宜条件。     

有机次膦酸在硝酸体系下提取稀土研究

本文采用溶剂萃取法,用有机次磷酸萃取剂从富含稀土元素镧(La）、钕(Nd）、钇(Y)、铈(Ce）的硝酸溶液中提取稀土。选择盐酸为反萃剂。考察了酸度、萃取剂浓度、相比和萃取时间对萃取率和反萃率的影响,结果表明,二异丁基膦酸萃取稀土的最佳条件为：室温,酸度0.2mol/l,萃取剂浓度40%,A/O比1:5,萃取时间15min,镧（La）、钕（Nd）,铈（Ce）和钇（Y）分别为41.68%、81.30%、81.29%和100%。当利用盐酸作为反萃实验的反萃剂时其最佳条件为：室温,初始水相稀土溶液为0.3 mol/L,反萃剂盐酸为6 mol/L,负载有机相与反萃剂盐酸溶液的体积比为1:6,将反萃的震荡时间改变为5min,应用上述条件的镧(La）、钕(Nd）、铈(Ce）、钇(Y)的反萃率分别为92.45%、94.88%、95.76%、93.34%。有机次膦酸对稀土元素（La）、钕（Nd）、铈（Ce）和钇（Y）的萃取效率不同。钇的提取率高于镧、钕和铈。它是一种有机次膦酸,对轻稀土元素亲和力低,对重稀土元素亲和力强。     

从氯化液及锇钌蒸残液中萃取分离铂的研究

采用氧膦类萃取剂,可从分离金钯后的贵金属溶液或含贱金属同类溶液有效萃取铂。铂萃取率大于99%,而铑、铱、铜、镍等不被萃取。铂的反萃率98%,与经典炼铂法衔接提铂,产品纯度可达99.94%,总回收率大于98.1%。     

C923萃取铜电解液中砷和铋的试验研究

采用C923萃取铜电解液中的砷和铋,考察萃取剂浓度、酸度、萃取时间和相比等因素对砷萃取率的影响,并探讨原液中氯离子浓度对C923萃取铋的影响。结果表明,在优化工艺条件下,砷的单级萃取率为68.41%,三级错流萃取率为97.00%。氯离子浓度为0.86 g/L时,铋的单级萃取率为95.15%。负载相用水二级错流反萃砷,总反萃率为88.20%,再用酒石酸-氢氧化钠混合液反萃铋,反萃率为81.49%。     

从铜闪速炉烟灰酸浸液中用P204萃取回收铟的研究

研究了萃取剂浓度、料液酸度、萃取时间等因素对铟萃取率的影响;反萃液酸度与反萃时间对反萃铟的影响.结果表明,料液酸度为0.8 mol/L、有机相组成为30％ P204+70％磺化煤油、油水相比O/A=1:5、混合5 min时,In3+的单级萃取率为96.8％;用4.0 mol/L的HC1反萃10 min,铟的反萃率为94.9％.     

TBP与N1923协同萃取铜电解液中的砷锑铋

采用TBP和N1923协同萃取铜电解液中的砷、锑、铋,考察TBP和N1923的浓度、电解液酸度、相比、时间、反萃取相比等因素对萃取过程的影响。结果表明,当有机相组成为60%TBP+25%N1923+5%异辛醇+10%磺化煤油,萃取相比O/A=3时,砷、锑、铋的单级萃取率分别为58.01%、53.49%和68.97%。在反萃相比O/A=2时,用水反萃砷的单级反萃率为53.61%。在反萃液组成为反萃剂50g/L、硫酸1mol/L,在反萃相比O/A=2时,锑、铋的单级反萃率分别为58.63%和79.46%。     

Separation of platinum and palladium from chloride solution by solvent extraction using Alamine 300

The separation of platinum and palladium from chloride solution by solvent extraction, using Alamine 300 as an extractant, has been studied. The effect of different parameters such as the concentration of HCl in the feed solution, NaCl concentration, extractant concentration, and platinum and palladium concentrations in the feed solution has been evaluated. Stripping behavior was also studied using different stripping agents, such as sodium thiocyanate and thiourea. Using a saturated solution of sodium chloride at a pH 1.5, platinum was selectively extracted as the major component, along with minor amounts of palladium. By adding a saturated solution of NaCl to the aqueous phase, palladium extraction could be decreased. Additionally, with the use of 0.5 M HCl in place of NaCl, both metals were studied. Selective stripping of platinum accomplished using sodium thiocyanate, and the selective removal palladium was achieved with sodium thiosulfate. This process can achieve a 99.9% purity of platinum even in very dilute solution.     

A solvent extraction study of silver(I), palladium(II) and mercury(II) with 2-tert-dodecylthiopyridine

2-tert-Dodecylthiopyridine was synthesized from 2-chloropyridine and tert-dodecanethiol in order to examine its extraction properties for various metals. It was found to have good selectivity for the extraction of palladium(II) and mercury(II) over platinum(II) and -(IV) and base metals from chloride media; silver(I) was found to be almost completely extracted from nitric acid (0.01–5 mol/dm³ HNO₃). Palladium(II) and mercury(II) were completely extracted from hydrochloric acid over the range 0.01–2 and 0.01–0.5 mol/dm³ HCl, respectively. The rate of extraction of palladium(II) from hydrochloric acid was much faster than when using dialkylsulfide and triisobutylphosphine sulfide extractants. An aqueous mixture of thiourea and hydrochloric acid was found to be effective as stripping solution for palladium(II). The extent of stripping was dependent on the concentrations of either thiourea or hydrochloric acid.     

氯盐体系铟萃取富集试验

针对氯盐体系铟的萃取进行萃取体系、酸度、萃取剂浓度、相比和时间条件试验,对反萃过程中关键影响因素盐酸浓度进行试验。最佳萃取工艺参数为:有机相30%P204、相比(O/A)=1/3、皂化率60%、初始水相pH=0.5、室温混合5min;铟一级萃取率能够达到97.01%,三级逆流萃取能够稳定达到99.5%。反萃工艺参数为相比10/1、盐酸浓度3mol/L、室温混合5min,一级反萃率75.52%,三级反萃率达到100%。经萃取、洗涤、反萃后,铟回收率达到96.8%。     

Extraction Separation of Scandium，Iron and Lutetium with Isopropyl Phosphonic Acid Mono（1－hexyl－4－ethyl）OctylEster

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Palladium stripping rates in PGM refining

This study investigates the stripping (back-extraction) of palladium from the perspective of mixer–settler hydrodynamics. A hydroxyoxime extractant and hydrochloric acid medium are used. Firstly, the palladium stripping rate (chemistry) is determined using a vigorously stirred laboratory unit cell. This increases with operating temperature and stripping acid concentration. At optimal chemical conditions (25 °C, 6 N HCl), the stripping rate is sufficiently fast for equilibrium to be reached within 5–10 minutes. Secondly, the palladium stripping rate (hydrodynamics) is determined using a pilot-scale mixer–settler. The mixer–settler is operated with a 4-bladed radial disc and a 6-bladed Rushton turbine impeller, over a range of impeller speeds corresponding to power intensities of 2 to 5 kW/m³. The palladium stripping rate increases with increasing impeller speed for both the radial disc and Rushton turbine impellers. The overall mass transfer coefficient also increases with increasing power intensity, up to power intensities 100% higher than those used in typical plant stripping mixer vessels. When benchmarked against the power intensity, not much difference between the two impellers is noted. The study concludes that the stripping of palladium by solvent extraction as used in the PGM industry can be improved by operating at higher power intensities.     

Use of Binary Extractants for Extraction and Separation of Noble Metals

The distribution of platinum metals and gold in the systems with binary extractants (salts of amines, quaternary ammonium bases (QAB), and organic acids) in toluene has been studied. It was shown that anion exchange mechanism complicated by interactions of components in organic phase is realized during metal extraction from 1–3 M HCl solutions. When acidity of aqueous phase decreases distribution coefficients of noble metals are decreased according to binary extraction regularities of mineral acids in (he systems with salts of trioctylamine and QAB. In the systems with caprylate and alkylphenolate of dioctylamine in the region of high pH values of aqueous phase, palladium distribution coefficients are increased due to formation in the organic phase of complexes with direct coordination of amine molecules to atoms of palladium and their stability is, obviously, higher than that of dioctylamine salts with corresponding organic acids. From the investigated binary extractants, the salts of quaternary ammonium bases and strong organic acids (alkylphosphoric, alkylbenzolsulfonic acids) are of great interest for practice. It was shown during extraction of Pt (IV), Pd (II), Ir (IV) and Au (III) chlorocomplexes by 0.1 M solutions of trialkylbenzylammonium alkylsulphonate, metal distribution coefficients in the acidic region are changed from 5 to 150 while distribution coefficients for Rh(III) and Ir(III) did not exceed 0.1 and that creates possibilities for separation of platinum metals. Noble metals are lightly stripped from organic phase by water that it is impossible for initial systems with mineral salts of quaternary ammonium bases. The comparison of the systems with binary extractants and TBP has shown the advantage of binary extraction for obtaining more concentrated stripping solutions.     

从低品位金铂钯物料中提取贵金属新工艺研究

金川集团股份有限公司产生的低品位金钯铂物料为蒸残渣,通常是由贵金属精矿蒸馏分离锇、钌,水溶液氯化产生。现有蒸残渣处理工艺为反复氯化,由于受氯化效率的影响,依然有部分贵金属残留在外付渣中,造成贵金属流失。为提高贵金属回收率,金川集团贵金属冶炼厂组织进行了从蒸残渣中提纯贵金属的实验研究。通过长期实验探索,确定了蒸残渣氯化焙烧-盐酸浸出-有机溶剂萃取分离金铂钯的工艺路线。之后,又进行了工业化扩大试验,确定了最佳工艺技术条件,金、铂、钯直收率≥95%。与水溶液氯化工艺相比,该工艺具有贵金属直收率高、劳动强度低、生产周期短及生产成本低等特点。