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煤焦油萃取分离实验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
煤焦油中含有上万种有机化合物,化学组成复杂,分离困难,一般分离效果也差。本文在实验室实验的条件下,采用溶剂革取分离煤焦油,实现了较好的初步分离,回收率达到了95%以上,并确定了分离的最佳条件。 相似文献
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首次系统地研究了水力旋流器分离空间匹配系数对其分离性能和能量耗损等方面的影响,结果表明,随着柱锥空间比值的增大,分离修正总效率上升,能耗系数降低,分离粒度和分离精度则呈二次曲线形变化。最后给出了适应不同场合要求的水力旋流器的最佳分离空间匹配系数和圆筒段长度推荐值。 相似文献
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通过搭建惯性分离装置测试平台,结合相关检测设备的数据采集,进行某型惯性除雾器的性能分析。实验发现,两通道折流惯性分离装置的分离效率与液滴直径成正比。对于微小粒径5~10μm的液滴分离效果不佳,风速对分离效率的影响不大。对于30μm以上的液滴分离效果较好,效率整体超过80%。系统进出口压降损失方面,粒径的变化相对于整个装置可以近似忽略,不同粒径条件下压降曲线变化基本相同,风速是压降变化的主要影响变量。为突破小粒径液滴分离效果不佳的限制,分别从板间距、底面高度及板型等方面入手,分析不同尺寸参数条件下分离效率与压降的变化规律。计算结果表明,板间距数值越大,分离效率越低,系统压降越小;底面高度与效率变化并不是总体相关,存在波动并呈现局部相关性;高度增加到30mm时达到最佳,系统压降也较小;通道级数越多,分离效率越高,但压降增加较大;流线型壁面分离效果较好,控制压降的能力也较强。 相似文献
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《精细与专用化学品》2006,14(1):29-30
苯甲酸加氢方法
本发明公开的一种苯甲酸加氢方法是将熔融苯甲酸在Pd/C催化剂和镍助剂存在下,与氢气接触反应后,采用旋液、离心和磁分离3级分离过程,将催化剂从混合物中分离并循环回反应器,其中旋液分离后的浊液循环回反应器,清液进入离心分离器,经分离后下部的催化剂循环回反应器,上部清液进行磁分离,分离出镍基助催化剂循环回反应器。该方法可有效分离镍助剂,进一步提高Pd/C的活性,具有更高的反应处理能力和生产效率。 相似文献
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在精馏系统中,高沸点、热敏性物系分离存在物料受热温度高且时间长的问题,容易引起热敏性物质变质,一直是高效分离与提纯的难点。本文对高沸点热敏性物质精馏分离理论基础进行归纳,提出操作压力低和停留时间短的工艺要求。基于此,总结了分子蒸馏和真空精馏(包括真空蒸馏、真空分馏、真空间歇精馏)在高沸点热敏性物系分离中的优缺点及应用,发现分子蒸馏的真空度和分离程度较真空精馏高,但分离效率和工业化程度比真空精馏低。最后,文章指出,对于采用精馏分离高沸点热敏性体系仍需在新工艺和新设备等方面进行探索,以提高分离效率和降低分离能耗,便于实现工业规模应用。 相似文献
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炭-炭复合膜制备的探索研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以煤沥青基炭分离膜为支撑体,采用聚合物溶液涂层或浸渍制备出了炭-炭复合分离膜,测试了高纯H2,CO2,N2和O2单组分在炭-炭基复合分离膜上的渗透速率,计算了各气体组分的理想分离系数。结果显示以聚乙二醇水溶液进行表面涂层制备的炭-炭复合膜,其气体分离性能与炭分离膜相比稍有提高,以酚醛树脂N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶液和加有分散剂的酚醛树脂乙醇溶液涂层制备的炭-炭复合膜在分离性能上都有较大提高,尤其加有分散剂的酚醛树脂乙醇溶液涂层后可使H2/CO2的分离系数达16.0左右,而采用酚醛树脂乙醇溶液涂层和浸渍得到的炭-炭基复合膜的气体渗透速率和分离系数均下降。 相似文献
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Three main processes are used in the printing industry: Letterpress, Lithography and Gravure printing. In the early fifties polymer coatings have been introduced in lithographic printing plates formulations. Later, similar systems have proved to be suitable for letterpress, and very recently for gravure printing layers, too. Most polymer formulations used in printing techniques generally have the following features in common: ? They are light sensitive ? They are coated on to a flat substrate ? After imagewise exposure the more soluble areas of the coatings are removed in a development step. The requirements for the polymers used in printing layers are as different as the characteristics of each individual printing process. ? The importance of the specific optical properties of the polymers is demonstrated discussing some negative acting light sensitive systems, amongst them the photopolymerisation of monomers. 相似文献
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ZrWN nitride films are prepared using direct current (dc) reactive magnetron sputtering. Grey Taguchi analysis is used to determine the effect of deposition parameters (substrate plasma etching time, N2/(N2+Ar) flow rates, deposition time, and substrate temperature) on the microstructure and the tribological properties. An orthogonal array, signal-to-noise ratio and analysis of variance are used to determine the effects of deposition parameters. The substrates are pretreated using oxygen plasma etching. The resulting ZrWN coatings are homogeneous, very compact and completely adhered to the substrate. In the confirmation runs, using grey Taguchi analysis, the coefficient of friction decreases from 0.45?±?0.02 to 0.35?±?0.02, the corrosion potential increases from ??0.201?±?0.01 to ??0.072?±?0.01?V, the Vickers hardness increases from 23.63?±?0.07 to 24.65?±?0.05?GPa, and reduced modulus increases from 115.82?±?1.13 to 136.17?±?1.18?GPa. The ZrWN films are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Rockwell C indentation and scratch testing. The TEM pattern for the ZrWN films corresponds to the (111), (200) and (220) planes of the face center cubic structure. Samples with a ZrWN film coating are classified as HF1 and exhibit good adhesive strength. The signal of friction and the associated acoustic emission signal are analyzed, and the scratch profile is analyzed using an optical microscope. Results show that the adhesive force for the critical load Lc2 is about 76.2?±?0.5?N. 相似文献
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力学性能较低和对水敏感是阻碍蛋白质基降解塑料广泛应用的不利因素,为了克服这一缺点,人们广泛探索了对蛋白质的各种改性:热、碱改性、还原剂改性、交联剂改性、添加助剂改性、填充改性、酸改性等来改善力学加工性能,以期获得具有实用价值的蛋白质塑料。 相似文献
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H. Schlepütz 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》1979,81(2):60-65
Measurement of Level and Flow in Processing Plants The author reviews the processes and systems for the measurement of level. The devices are described for indicating the states ?Full”? and ?Empty”? in the automatic charging and discharging, for continuous measurement in the monitoring of the stores and processes, for measuring systems based on specific properties, such as conductivity and capacity, for electromechanical systems, for non-contact measuring procedures based on sonic and ultrasonic echometry as well as radioactivity, for microwave systems, and for the measurement of aggressive products and substances under high pressures and temperatures, and, in explosion-proof plants. In the measurement of flow, inductive flowmeters of high precision and reliability are used for conducting liquids; corrosion-resistant turbines are used for all products with low viscosity; tooth wheel flowmeter are used for highly viscous materials. The processes for the measurement of level and flow are described in an example for the treatment of waste water. 相似文献
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Adriana Tedesco Patrícia F Krey Ronilson V Barbosa Raquel S Mauler 《Polymer International》2002,51(2):105-110
Polyamide and polypropylene (PP) are two important classes of commercial polymers; however, their direct mixing leads to incompatible blends with poor properties. Polypropylene functionalized with glycidyl methacrylate (PP‐GMA) was used as a compatibilizer in blends of PP and nylon 6, because of the possible reaction of ? NH2 and ? COOH groups with the epoxide group of GMA. Two types of nylon 6 with different ratios between ? NH2 and ? COOH groups were used. The one with higher concentration of ? COOH groups was less compatible with PP in a binary blend. When PP‐GMA was used as a compatibilizer, a better dispersion of nylon in the PP matrix was obtained together with better mechanical properties for both nylons used in this work. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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In this study, the effect of sintering parameters on densification and fracture toughness of spark plasma sintering ZrB2-SiC nanocomposites was evaluated. For this purpose, ZrB2-??30?vol% SiC nanocomposites in the conditions of ?1600?°C-4?min, 1700?°C-4?min, 1800?°C-4?min, 1800?°C-8?min, 1800?°C-12?min? were sintered.? Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used in order to investigate the ?microstructural variations. The bulk density was measured accoring to ASTM C 373–88. Single edge notch beam (SENB) method was used to ?determine the fracture toughness of samples. Microstructural observations showed that ?an increase in sintering temperature led to slight ?increase in SiC grains size but no sensitive variation in ZrB2. However, increasing the sintering time resulted to increase both ZrB2 and SiC grain size. Also, it was found, temperature and time ascent always increases the relative density. In addition, it was concluded that optimal temperature and time to reach the highest fracture toughness are 1800?°C and 8?min, respectively. Investigation of SEM images of the Vickers indent and their path propagation showed that the deviation and branching of crack are the most important toughening ?mechanisms in ZrB2-SiC nanocomposites.? 相似文献
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克劳斯硫回收工艺中的富氧技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分析了富氧技术在克劳斯硫回收装置中利用的工艺限制因素,介绍了Cope、Oxyclaus、Sure、No TICE和P-Combustion等富氧技术的优、缺点及其在克劳斯装置中的工业应用,指出P-Combustion技术是一种比较有效、廉价、能提高硫回收装置能力的好方法,同时分析了装置供氧的经济性。 相似文献