壳聚糖衍生物及其纳米粒的抗菌性能研究

利用壳聚糖、壳聚糖衍生物及相应纳米粒对织物进行抗菌整理，研究整理织物的抗菌作用。结果显示，纳米材料整理后的织物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌的抑菌作用最强，经壳聚糖衍生物整理的织物抑菌性能大于壳聚糖；试验研究使用不同交联剂对抑菌性能的影响的结果表明，柠檬酸和酒石酸混和交联剂整理的织物抗菌效果强于单一柠檬酸交联剂。     

壳聚糖双胍盐酸盐的合成及其在羊毛织物染色上的应用

利用壳聚糖和双氰胺成功地合成了一种壳聚糖双胍盐酸盐（CGH）,对合成反应机理及副反应进行了讨论,应用红外光谱确认了CGH的结构,将合成的CGH对羊毛织物进行预处理,并用兰纳素活性染料进行轧染微波固色。研究预处理工艺（包括CGH浓度,交联剂的种类,焙烘温度,浸渍时间,预处理溶液pH）对羊毛织物染色性能的影响,确定预处理的最佳工艺。即采用pH值为4．0的0．6％的CGH,在柠檬酸作交联剂的条件下浸渍10min,80℃烘干5min,100℃焙烘3min。结果表明,用CGH对羊毛织物进行预处理,可以大大提高活性染料对羊毛织物染色的K／S值,染色织物的摩擦牢度和皂洗牢度略有下降。     

精纺呢绒的壳聚糖抗菌整理

壳聚糖具有良好的广谱抗菌性,已被应用到织物的抗菌整理中.文章采用环保型化学物质--壳聚糖和柠檬酸,按轧-烘-焙工艺整理精纺呢绒,使其获得良好的抗菌性能.分析了柠檬酸、壳聚糖、焙烘温度和焙烘时间等因素对整理效果的影响,确定了抗菌整理的最佳工艺.整理后的精纺呢绒对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌有良好的抑菌性和耐洗涤性能.     

聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐抗菌剂在羊毛织物上抗菌性能的研究

聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐具有良好的广谱抗菌性和安全性,已被应用到织物的抗菌整理中。通过采用环保型化学物质聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐和柠檬酸,按轧——烘——焙工艺整理羊毛织物,使其获得良好的抗菌性能。分析了抗菌剂聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐用量、交联剂柠檬酸用量、焙烘温度和焙烘时间等因素对整理效果的影响,确定了抗菌整理的最佳工艺。借助Nikon型光学显微镜分析整理前后羊毛纤维表面形态和结构。运用傅里叶变换红外光谱图对抗菌剂聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐与羊毛的交联机理进行了探讨。结果表明,整理后的羊毛织物对金黄色葡萄球菌有良好的抑菌性和耐洗涤性能。     

文摘精粹

<正>壳聚糖双胍盐酸盐的合成及其在羊毛织物上多功能性的应用研究/国际纺织导报/东华大学.-2009,(7).-52～57利用壳聚糖和双氰胺成功地合成了一种壳聚糖双胍盐酸盐(CGH),对合成反应条件进行了讨论,并应用红外光谱确认了CGH的结构。将合成的CGH对羊毛织物进行处理,借助扫描电子显微镜SEM分析羊毛纤维整理前后的表面形     

抗菌羊毛织物的制备及其性能

采用2种不同的抗菌剂即壳聚糖和纳米二氧化钛对羊毛织物进行抗菌整理。实验结果表明壳聚糖和纳米二氧化钛均具有良好的抗菌效果。当壳聚糖用量为0.7%(owf)时,羊毛织物的抗菌率为91%,同时羊毛织物的白度有所提高,断裂强力增加。当纳米二氧化钛用量为1%(owf)时,羊毛织物的抗菌率为98.7%,并且羊毛织物的白度有所提高,断裂强力增加。水洗后,壳聚糖整理后的羊毛织物抗菌性能下降,纳米二氧化钛整理后的羊毛织物抗菌效果依然很好。     

壳聚糖双胍盐酸的合及其在羊毛织物上多功能性的应用研究

利用壳聚糖和双氰胺成功地合成了一种壳聚糖双胍盐酸盐(CGH),对合成反应条件进行了讨论,并应用红外光谱确认了CGH的结构.将合成的CGH对羊毛织物进行处理,借助扫描电子显微镜SEM分析羊毛纤维整理前后的表面形态和结构,结果表明,羊毛织物经水溶性的CGH预处理后,可提高织物的吸湿性和抗皱性,再利用兰纳素活性染料进行轧染微波固色,可大大提高活性染料对羊毛织物的上染百分率.     

微波在壳聚糖双胍盐酸盐处理羊毛染色和抗菌整理中的应用

壳聚糖双胍盐酸盐采用微波加热固着的方式对羊毛织物进行处理,研究不同的微波辐射功率、辐射时间对整理后羊毛织物物理机械性能的影响,包括白度、断裂强力和整理剂在羊毛上的吸附率,并与传统的烘干焙烘加热固着方式进行了对比。运用扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱图对微波加热固着后整理剂壳聚糖双胍盐酸盐、交联剂柠檬酸与羊毛之间的交联机理进行了分析,与传统的烘干焙烘加热固着的交联程度进行了对比。采用微波加热固着方式和传统的烘干焙烘加热固着方式用壳聚糖双胍盐酸盐对羊毛织物进行处理,对比了2种不同加热方式处理后羊毛织物的染色性能和抗菌性能。     

微波焙烘法在羊毛抗菌中的应用

壳聚糖单胍盐酸盐采用微波焙烘固着的方式对羊毛织物进行处理,研究不同的微波辐射功率、辐射时间对整理后羊毛织物物理机械性能包括白度、断裂强力和整理剂在羊毛上吸附率的影响,并与传统的烘干焙烘加热固着方式进行了对比。采用元素分析对壳聚糖单胍盐酸盐处理羊毛前后的氮含量变化进行了测定。运用扫描电子显微镜和傅利叶变换红外光谱图对微波焙烘固着后整理剂壳聚糖单胍盐酸盐,交联剂柠檬酸与羊毛之间的交联机理进行了分析,与传统的烘干焙烘加热固着的交联程度进行了对比。采用微波焙烘固着方式和传统的烘干焙烘加热固着方式将壳聚糖单胍盐酸盐对羊毛织物进行处理,对比了两种不同方式处理后羊毛织物的抗菌性能。     

壳聚糖对棉针织物的抗菌整理研究

用壳聚糖和柠檬酸对纯棉针织物进行抗菌整理,并对整理织物的抗菌效果进行测试,用整理后的织物制成内裤试穿5个月后观察其效果.同时,实验了壳聚糖与柠檬酸混合试剂对织物防皱性能的影响以及不同浓度的壳聚糖对染色织物色光的影响.结果表明,壳聚糖对纯棉针织物不仅具有一定的抗菌效果,而且经整理的织物色光无明显变化,与柠檬酸混合试剂整理织物,可缓解泛黄现象、提高强力保留率且无甲醛释放.     

Evaluation of the genetic polymorphism among Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris strains using comparative genomic hybridization and multilocus sequence analysis

Genetic diversity of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris provides an important reservoir of industrial functions. Knowledge of strain diversity is an important step for the selection of starter cultures, because technological and sensorial attributes are strain-dependent and it may help to distinguish strains with particular technological properties and performances. In the present study, microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) were used to investigate the genetic variation among eight strains of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris. The CGH analysis allows strain grouping and identification of absent or divergent genes involved in metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, osmoregulation and proteolysis. The MLSA clustering of strains based on the partial sequence of eight genes shows good correlation with the CGH grouping. Strains HP, ATCC 19257 and Wg2 were clustered together, followed by E8, and finally SK11 was in a separate cluster. The combined information provides genetic markers for distinguishing between strains and their variants. By selecting strains according to their genetic profiles, compatible and complementary mixed starters can be formulated, opening new avenues for industrial applications.     

碳化二亚胺/羟基丁二酰亚胺交联改性胶原蛋白纤维制备及其性能

为解决由湿法纺丝工艺制备的牛肌腱胶原蛋白纤维力学性能差、遇水易溶解等问题,采用1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基丙基)碳化二亚胺盐酸盐/N-羟基丁二酰亚胺(EDC/NHS)对胶原蛋白纤维进行交联改性。探究了原位交联方式的最优交联时间和交联剂质量分数,并着重对比了原位交联与交联浴交联2种交联方式对胶原蛋白纤维性能的影响。结果表明:原位交联可显著改善胶原蛋白纤维的性能,最优的交联时间和交联剂质量分数分别为11 h、15%,此时纤维断裂强度可达1.44 cN/dtex左右,较纯胶原蛋白纤维提高了35.8%,较交联浴交联纤维提高了19.0%;与主要发生在纤维表面的交联浴交联相比,原位交联能够使纤维内部的微纤结构更加致密,性能得到更为显著的提升,由原位交联制备的胶原蛋白纤维性能优于交联浴交联制备的纤维。     

Physical,mechanical and antibacterial properties of alginate film: Effect of the crosslinking degree and oregano essential oil concentration

Alginate films with different degrees of crosslinking obtained by internal gelation, and alginate films incorporated with oregano essential oil (OEO) were prepared. The impact of the degree of crosslinking caused by the use of calcium carbonate as crosslinking agent and the incorporation of OEO into the alginate films on their antibacterial, optical, mechanical, microstructural and water vapour barrier properties was evaluated.     

改善花生分离蛋白成膜及保藏特性研究

本文研究了交联剂对可食性膜的阻湿性能(水蒸气迁移速率，WVTR)和机械性能(抗拉强度，TS)的影响，对交联作用的研究表明：环氧氯丙烷和戊二醛的交联均能有效的改善膜的机械性能和阻湿性能。而且环氧氯丙烷交联膜变得光滑透明，戊二醛交联后可得到由淡黄色向红色过渡的一系列不同颜色的薄膜。对樱桃进行涂膜处理能明显防止褐变，抑制其呼吸作用，延缓贮藏过程中有机酸、总糖等营养成分的损失，有效地延长了樱桃的保藏期。     

亲水性共聚丙烯腈纤维

为改进常规聚丙烯腈纤维的亲水性能,以丙烯腈、甲基丙烯酸甲酯为单体,以N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺为潜交联剂,溶液聚合后湿法纺丝成形,经后交联和碱性水解处理,制成具有三维网状结构特征的亲水性共聚丙烯腈纤维。研究了潜交联剂含量、交联及水解条件等对纤维化学结构、动态力学性能及表面形态结构的影响。结果表明:通过调节和控制潜交联剂含量、交联及水解条件等,可制得吸水倍率达20倍且在吸水状态下仍能保持纤维形态的亲水性共聚丙烯腈纤维。     

Crosslinking of wheat dough proteins by glucose oxidase and the resulting effects on bread and croissants

The crosslinking of wheat flour proteins results in significant improvements in the functional properties of baked products. In this research, the enzyme glucose oxidase was investigated for its crosslinking effect on the dough proteins of bread and croissants. The macroscopic effects resulting from the addition of glucose oxidase to the dough formulation were compared to changes seen at the molecular level in individual protein fractions. Treatment with glucose oxidase produced slight improvements in crumb properties but no increase in product volume. At the molecular level, crosslinking occurred mainly in the water-soluble (albumin and globulin) fraction and was demonstrated to involve both disulfide and non-disulfide linkages. The SDS-soluble and -insoluble glutenins, which make up much of the gluten network, were crosslinked to a much lesser extent, with mainly non-disulfide linkages. These findings corroborate our theories on the relationship of wheat protein crosslinking and functional properties. Specifically, we conclude that (i) crosslinking of albumin and globulin proteins enhances crumb properties and (ii) changes in croissant volume require crosslinking of the glutenin fraction of wheat proteins.     

Preparation and characterization of crosslinked electrospun pullulan nanofiber membrane as a potential for biomaterials

Pullulan nanofiber membrane (Pull-NM) was prepared by electrospinning method and its stability in the water was improved by a chemical crosslinking with mixed solution of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and ethanol absolute as crosslinking agent. The effect of crosslinked pullulan nanofiber membrane (C-l-Pull-NM) with different process conditions was studied and the excellent crosslinking reaction condition is proved to be 1:70 (EGDE: ethanol absolute) for 24 h. The analytical methods, including SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry, were used to study morphology, structure, and thermal performance of the nanofiber membrane. In addition, the swelling behavior and tensile were also discussed. The results showed that the water resistance of crosslinked nanofiber membrane had a significant improvement. Furthermore, the maximum water absorption and the strength were reached to about 520 and 192.7%, respectively.     

转谷氨酰胺酶对大豆分离蛋白酶解物的吸油性与保水性的改善作用

通过木瓜蛋白酶酶解大豆分离蛋白(Soy protein isolate,SPI)获得酶解物,然后利用转谷氨酰胺酶(Transglutaminase,TGase)对酶解物进行交联作用,以吸油性和保水性为指标,对交联条件进行响应曲面优化,并对改性前后粒径、Zeta电位、自由氨基含量与吸油性、保水性之间相关关系进行探究。结果表明,TGase添加量21.2 U/g、pH7.1、交联温度53.0 ℃、交联时间1.2 h时,酶解物经TGase交联后的吸油性最佳,为5.41 g/g,较TGase改性前的SPI酶解物(3.98 g/g)提高35.93%,较SPI(3.73 g/g)提高45.04%。在TGase添加量20 U/g、pH7.0、交联温度35 ℃、交联时间1.0 h时,酶解物经TGase交联后的保水性得以较好改善,为17.28 g/g,较TGase改性前的SPI酶解物(14.82 g/g)提高16.60%,较SPI(14.52 g/g)提高19.01%。粒径大小与保水性之间存在显著负相关,Zeta电位绝对值大小与吸油性存在显著正相关,与保水性存在负相关,自由氨基含量与吸油性之间存在显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.865、0.878、-0.531、-0.595。