Improved response surface method and its application in stability reliability degree analysis of tunnel surrounding rock

An approach of limit state equation for surrounding rock was put forward based on deformation criterion.A method of symmetrical sampling of basic random variables adopted by classical response surface method was mended, and peak value and deflection degree of basic random variables distribution curve were took into account in the mended sampling method. A calculation way of probability moment, based on mended Rosenbluth method, suitable for non-explicit performance function was put forward. The first, second, third and fourth order moments of functional function value were calculated by mended Rosenbluth method through the first, second, third and fourth order moments of basic random variable. A probability density the function(PDF) of functional function was deduced through its first, second, third and fourth moments, the PDF in the new method took the place of the method of quadratic polynomial to approximate real functional function and reliability probability was calculated through integral by the PDF for random variable of functional function value in the new method. The result shows that the improved response surface method can adapt to various statistic distribution types of basic random variables, its calculation process is legible and need not iterative circulation. In addition, a stability probability of surrounding rock for a tunnel was calculated by the improved method, whose workload is only 30% of classical method and its accuracy is comparative.     

Two new methods for power flow tracing using bus power balance equations

Two new methods were presented for power flow tracing（PFT）.These two methods were compared and the results were discussed in detail.Both methods use the active and reactive power balance equations at each bus in order to solve the tracing problem.The first method considers the proportional sharing assumption while the second one uses the circuit laws to find the relationship between power inflows and outflows through each line,generator and load connected to each bus of the network.Both methods are able to handle loop flow and loss issues in tracing problem.A formulation is also proposed to find the share of each unit in provision of each load.These methods are applied to find the producer and consumer＇s shares on the cost of transmission for each line in different case studies.As the results of these studies show,both methods can effectively solve the PFT problem.     

Dynamic analysis of polymeric fluid in shear flow for dumbbell model with internal viscosity

The dynamic analysis of semi-flexible polymers,such as DNA molecules,is an important multiscale problem with a wide range of applications in science and bioengineering.In this contribution,a dumbbell model with internal viscosity was studied in steady shear flows of polymeric fluid.The tensors with moments other than second moment were approximated in the terms of second moment tensor.Then,the nonlinear algebraic equation of the second moment conformation tensor was calculated in closed form.Finally,substituting the resulting conformation tensor into the Kramers equation of Hookean spring force,the constitutive equations were obtained.The shear material properties were discussed for different internal viscosities and compared with the results of Brownian dynamics simulation.     

Numerical Simulation of Elastic Stress Wave Refraction at Air-Solid Interfaces

Elastic wave refraction at the air-solid interface and wave propagations in the vicinity of the air-solid interface are numerically studied. The modified ghost fluid method (MGFM) and isobaric fix methods are combined to solve the fluid and solid statuses at the air-solid interface and construct a continuous boundary condition for the air-solid interface. The states in the ghost domain are evaluated by the MGFM-algorithm. The solid governing equations are solved with second order spatial discretization. Numerical tests verify the correctness of the presented continuous boundary condition and show that the combined method is convergent in the vicinity of the air-solid interface. The 3D numerical results by the combined method are close to those of the Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method. The combined method is robust when applied for multi-dimensional problems. A compression stress wave impacting on the air-solid interface result in a compression wave in air. A tension stress wave impacting on the air-solid interface result in an expansion wave in air.     

Wavelet solutions of Burgers’ equation with high Reynolds numbers

A wavelet method is proposed to solve the Burgers’equation.Following this method,this nonlinear partial differential equation is first transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations using the modified wavelet Galerkin method recently developed by the authors.Then,the classical fourth-order explicit Runge–Kutta method is employed to solve the resulting system of ordinary differential equations.Such a wavelet-based solution procedure has been justified by solving two test examples:results demonstrate that the proposed method has a much better accuracy and efficiency than many other existing numerical methods,and whose order of convergence can go up to 5.Most importantly,our results also indicate that the present wavelet method can readily deal with those fluid dynamics problems with high Reynolds numbers.     

Modified Layer-Removal Method for Measurement of Residual Stress in Pre-stretched Aluminium Alloy Plate

Residual stress is one of the factors affecting the machining deformation of monolithic structure parts in the aviation industry. Thus,the studies on machining deformation rules induced by residual stresses largely depend on correctly and efficiently measuring the residual stresses of workpieces. A modified layer-removal method is proposed to measure residual stress by analysing the characteristics of a traditional layer-removal method. The coefficients of strain release are then deduced according to the simulation results using the finite element method( FEM). Moreover,the residual stress in a 7075T651 aluminium alloy plate is measured using the proposed method,and the results are then analyzed and compared with the data obtained by the traditional methods. The analysis indicates that the modified layer-removal method is effective and practical for measuring the residual stress distribution in pre-stretched aluminium alloy plates.     

Buffeting numerical simulation coupled with aerodynamics and structure based on MDDES

Unsteady effect of seriously separated flow is the main factor of modern aircraft buffeting. So accurate simulation of this complex flow becomes the basis associated with the research of aircraft buffeting. This paper constructs an unsteady numerical simulation method for separation flow based on modified delayed detached eddy simulation (MDDES) method by considering both modern computer resources and the credibility of simulating separation flow. The proposed method is also verified through the simulation of the separated flow by a typical fighter at high angle of attack. And then a robust and efficient technology for deforming mesh is established using radial basis function (RBF) and infinite interpolation method. Moreover, the platform for numerical simulation of buffeting is set up in combination with the structural dynamics equations in the modal space, by which the research of vertical tail buffeting caused by edge vortex is carried out on a fighter at large angle of attack. Through spectrum analysis of time-domain response of pressure pulsation on the location of vortex rupture, the results show that the pulsation frequency of vortex structure with different scales covers the inherent modal frequency of vertical tail structure. Compared to the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, the MDDES method can distinguish the more detailed and higher frequency small-scale vortex structure. Unlike flutter, displacement acceleration response of each mode in buffeting is dominated by its own mode. There exists strong coupling between the first bending mode and first torsion mode, and it leads to acceleration and large inertia impact of structure, which is the main factor causing structural fatigue. In sum, the obtained results verify the validity of the numerical means and the corresponding methods in the paper.     

Motion Planning of Humanoid Robot for Obstacle Negotiation

The motion planning for obstacle negotiation by humanoid robot BHR-2 through stepping over or stepping on/off the wide and flat obstacle at known locations is presented. In the trajectory generation method,first the constraints of the foot motion parameters which include obstacle dimensions and the distance of obstacle from the humanoid robot is formulated. By varying the values of the constraint parameters,different types of foot motion for different obstacles can be produced. In this method,first the foot trajectory is generated,and then the waist trajectory is computed by using cubic spline interpolation without first calculating the zero moment point (ZMP) trajectory. The dynamic stability during the execution of stepping over and stepping on/off trajectories are ensured by incorporating the ZMP criterion. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by simulations and experiments on humanoid robot BHR-2.     

Performance analysis of air-water dual source heat pump water heater with heat recovery

A new air-water dual source heat pump water heater with heat recovery is proposed.The heat pump system can heat water by using a single air source,a single water source,or air-water dual sources.The water is first pre-heated by waste hot water,then heated by the heat pump.Waste heat is recovered by first preheating the cold water and as water source of the heat pump.According to the correlated formulas of the coefficient of performance of air-source heat pump and water-source heat pump,and the gain coefficient of heat recovery-preheater,the formulas for the coefficient of performance of heat pump in six operating modes are obtained by using the dimensionless correspondence analysis method.The system characteristics of heat absorption and release associated with the heat recovery-preheater are analyzed at different working conditions.The developed approaches can provide reference for the optimization of the operating modes and parameters.The results of analysis and experiments show that the coefficient of performance of the device can reach 4-5.5 in winter,twice as much as air source heat pump water heater.The utilization of waste heat in the proposed system is higher than that in the system which only uses waste water to preheating or as heat source.Thus,the effect of energy saving of the new system is obvious.On the other hand,the dimensionless correspondence analysis method is introduced to performance analysis of the heat pump,which also has theoretical significance and practical value.     

Research on Comparison and Evaluation Studies of Several Smoothing Denoising Method Based on γ-ray Spectrum Detector

The extraction of spectral parameters is very difficult because of the limited energy resolution for NaI(TI)[JP] gamma-ray detectors. For statistical fluctuation of radioactivity under complex environment, some smoothing filtering methods are proposed to solve the problem. These methods include adopting method of arithmetic moving average, center of gravity, least squares of polynomial, slide converter of discrete funcion convolution etc. The process of spectrum data is realized, and the results are assessed in H/FWHM(Peak High/Full Width at Half Maximum) and peak area based on the Matlab programming. The results indicate that different methods smoothed spectrum have respective superiority in different ergoregion, but the Gaussian function theory in discrete function convolution slide method is used to filter the complex γ-spectrum on Embedded system platform, and the statistical fluctuation of γ-spectrum is filtered well.     

空间机构的震动力矩及RS'SR机构震动力矩的部份平衡

本文首次将平面机构震动力矩的定义推广于空间机构,并利用选择平衡重最佳轴向位置和附加平衡齿轮副两种方法,部份平衡RS′SR机构的震动力矩。     

一类泛函微分方程的随机压制

主要探讨布朗噪声对一类满足一般多项式增长条件的确定性泛函微分方程爆炸解的随机压制问题。对一类满足一般多项式增长条件的可能在有限时刻内出现爆炸解的确定性泛函微分方程,主要引入了一个多项式布朗噪声,使其对应的随机摄动泛函微分方程存在唯一的全局解,且应用Lyapunov方法研究得到了其全局解矩有界、随机一致有界、最多以多项式形式增长的结论。     

连续梁的一种精确算法

本文对等跨连续梁在永久荷载与可变荷载作用下,由力法所得到的三弯矩方程按差分方法求解,从而得出各结点弯矩的解析表达式．这种方法不用求解联立方程,并且对两端为铰支或固定情况一律通用．     

变速六连杆剪断机动态驱动力矩计算

应用解析法对某厂设计制造的２００Ｔ变速六连杆剪断机进行动态静力分析，导出了求解静力矩、动态驱动力矩的联立方程组，并上机计算了该剪机的各项力矩（动力矩、静力矩、摩擦力矩等），提出了分析意见。     

一个精确的免闭锁四边形板元

基于Mindlin-Reissner 板的HellingerReissner变分原理,构造了一个高性能的免闭锁低阶板元。借助能量优化条件,构造了一个7参数的弯矩场,并假设单元内部的弯矩和剪力严格满足平衡方程。在一个简化插值算子的帮助下,得到一个高精度免闭锁的四边形杂交板元。数值结果表明,新板元对畸形网格具有很好的性能,而且在极薄板时是免闭锁的。     

Earth slope reliability analysis under seismic loadings using neural network

σ2Z=∑ni=1(g Xi)2Var(Xi)(5)whereVar(Xi)isthevarianceofrandomvariableXi.AccordingtoEqn.(1),weobtainμZ=μF-1;σZ=σF(6)whereμFandσFarethemeanvalueandthestandarddeviationofthesafetyfactorF,respec tively.Consequently,thereliabilityindexinslopesafetyanalysiswasevaluatedasfollowsbasedontheconceptoftheFOSMmethod[1].β=μZσZ=μF-1σF(7)whereβisthereliabilityindexinslopestabilityanalysis.ThekeystepofEqn.(7)isthecalcula tionofthestatisticalmomentsofthesafetyfactor,i.e.themeanvalue(μF)an…     

基于Zernike矩的抗旋转攻击图像感知哈希算法

以Zernike矩为特征图像感知哈希算法,由于Zernike矩对图像旋转具有不变性,使得算法具备了旋转攻击下的鲁棒性;同时由于Zernike矩是图像的正交表示,能够很好地提取图像的内容,使得算法具有良好的区分性.算法首先将图像归一化,然后提取图像Zernike矩作为特征,经过密钥置乱后,对特征进行量化生成哈希串.算法在...     

矩量法中线和面模型建立的应用研究

矩量法是一种求解线性方程的普遍方法.基于Numerical Electromagnetics Code2(NEC2)软件,分析了矩量法中线模型及表面模型的建立,并针对圆柱及圆锥面,提出了不同的表面分块方法,对其关键参数进行了检验并对结果进行了分析.     

模型降阶的图解法和矩法(Ⅰ)

将阶跃响应建模法和矩建模法的基本思想运用于模型降阶,分别得到图解降阶法和矩降阶法两类模型降阶方法,给出了确定低阶逼近模型参数的详细过程.其中,图解降阶法源于经典建模法中的阶跃响应建模,通过作图和计算来确定低阶逼近模型参数;矩降阶法是基于脉冲响应的模型降阶方法,通过计算单位脉冲响应的前2个或3个矩来确定低阶逼近模型参数.作者在本部分对这两类方法进行了详细描述.     

基于不变性特征的水下目标特征提取

针对水下成像环境的特殊性和复杂性,分析了在离散状态下比例因子对不变矩特征的影响,构造了基于区域矩的仿射变换不变量,以克服水下不确定因素给目标识别带来的困难,为了验证所提取特征的有效性,对球体、椭球体、三棱柱和四棱柱4类水下目标进行了特征提取试验．仿真试验结果表明,该方法在对简单背景水下图像的特征提取上能够取得较好的效果,可有效地克服水下图像灰度分布不均和环境不确定因素的干扰,实现了对水下目标的区分．