特殊钢信息

Ｘ0 3 1 0 1　大冶特钢成功开发和生产Φ1 5 0ｍｍ四级系泊链用钢 2 2ＣｒＭｎＮｉＭｏ四级系泊链 (Ｒ4)是目前海洋用系泊链中的最高级别 ,这种附加值高和需求量大的高强度系泊链基本上被少数海洋业和远洋运输业发达的欧美国家所垄断。大冶特殊钢股份有限公司是国内首批试制该品种的几家企业之一 ,提供给正茂集团的产品制成链条后首次在美国墨西哥湾工程中一举中标。系泊链产品主要用于海洋石油开采浮式生产系统、半潜式钻井平台等海洋开发设施。由于链条长期浸泡在海水中 ,它不仅要求强度高、韧性好 ,而且还要求冷弯性能和焊接性能好 ,有耐…     

海洋采油平台R4S级系泊链用钢热处理工艺研究

海洋采油平台用R4S级系泊链条具有更高的力学性能要求,而链条最薄弱环节焊缝区的韧性和屈强比往往难以满足船检规范要求。本文模拟链条实际生产过程采用"等效连续调质热处理"的方法,研究热处理工艺对焊缝区的组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:加入适量的细化晶粒元素,采用温度960℃+保温时间60 min+水冷的淬火工艺,获得板条马氏体+残余奥氏体(包括M-A岛)及少量混合贝氏体组织,提高焊缝区强韧性和降低屈强比;经600℃×1 h+水冷的工艺回火后,焊缝区的韧性、屈强比最优,可较好地满足ABS、BV船检规范的要求。     

高强度、高韧性海洋四级系泊锚链钢的试制及应用

开发的海洋四级系泊锚链产品、通过成分设计、热处理特性的试验研究及工业性试制,生产出的热轧棒材具在较高抗拉强度、较高的低温冲击值;具有良好的焊接性能,冷弯性能和良好的热处理特性,淬火和回热处理控制范围宽,完全可以满足制链工艺要求,适宜于制链工业大生产。     

回火温度对22MnCrNiMo系泊链钢焊缝组织与性能的影响

研究了不同回火温度对22MnCrNiMo系泊链钢(R4s)闪光焊缝区组织与性能变化的影响.淬火工艺优先采用循环淬火(水冷),结合工厂实际生产温度及理论相变点,淬火温度为920℃.回火温度300、400、500、600℃,时间为30 min.结果表明,随着回火温度升高,内应力逐渐降低,高温600℃回火时,焊缝区得到回火索...     

全球首家:宝钢股份获世界最高级别R6级系泊链圆钢供货资质

正在深海2 000m以下扎根,遇到12级以上的大风也岿然不动,采用宝钢股份系泊链用钢制成的锚链就具有这么强的定力。近日,采用宝钢自主研发的110m大规格高强度、高韧性R6级系泊链圆钢生产的链条通过DNV(挪威船级社)的认证并获得证书,标志着宝钢股份成为全球首家获得最高等级海洋平台系泊链R6圆钢供货资质的企业。这是继     

防止钢管表面增碳淬火裂纹及夹渣缺陷研究

针对中碳铬钼钢圆坯在轧制和热处理后钢管表面出现的增碳淬火裂纹和夹渣缺陷,取样分析表明钢管表层局部存在增碳层,其碳含量远高于正常基体部位,在调质处理过程中极易产生淬火裂纹。研究认为增碳及夹渣缺陷产生原因是连铸保护渣不适应、结晶器液面异常波动、浇铸工艺不完善。通过选择适当的保护渣、合理的浇铸工艺以及稳定的浇铸条件,有效地解决了该缺陷的产生。     

GCr15轴承钢零件表面缺陷分析

轧钢厂生产的GCr15热轧圆钢,用户在使用过程中发现有细小线状裂纹缺陷的存在。取样采用宏观检验、光谱分析、非金属夹杂物检验、金相分析及能谱分析等方法对缺陷原因进行分析。结果表明:近裂纹处夹杂物超标准要求,裂纹缝隙内有灰色氧化物,裂纹大多沿晶或穿晶开裂,裂纹缝隙边缘无明显脱碳现象,正常处金相组织为回火索氏体+粒状碳化物,零件表面裂纹的特征符合淬火裂纹特征。     

渗碳层马氏体微裂纹与热处理工艺

渗碳后直接淬火的钎尾用Si-Mn-Mo-V钢渗碳层中存在大量马氏体微裂纹,这种微裂纹即使在等温淬火后亦很难消除,从而影响使用性能。但在渗碳淬火后等温淬火前经一次高温回火的,渗碳层马氏体微裂纹却能基本消除。另外,马氏体微裂纹形成的临界含碳量为0.75％,Si-Mn-Mo-V钢也不例外。这一切均进一步证明了钎尾热处理工艺:①渗碳层含碳量不应大于0.8％C。②气体渗碳油冷后经550～650℃×1h回火,然后再加热至钎尾心部Ac_3以上20～30℃保温20min,于260℃等温淬火并二次回火工艺的必要性。     

590 MPa高强度厚钢板的调质工艺参数研究

研究了５９０ＭＰａ级工程机械用高强度厚钢板调质工艺参数。分析在不同淬火、回火温度条件下钢板的组织与力学性能的关系。该钢在９２０℃淬火、５８０℃回火获得细的回火索氏体，其综合力学性能均超过标准要求。     

油淬火-回火弹簧钢丝生产技术现状及发展方向

油淬火-回火弹簧钢丝是生产制造轿车悬挂弹簧和发动机气门弹簧的原料,这两类弹簧在汽车工业零部件中属于"D"级产品,即按相关规定,一旦发现有缺陷整车必须强制召回.所以,对该用途的钢丝有着极高的可靠性和安全性要求.油淬火-回火弹簧钢丝和汽车轮胎用钢帘线并称为钢丝制品的顶级产品.文章介绍了油淬火-回火弹簧钢丝的常用钢种,以及国外的钢种开发、生产技术关键及发展趋势,同时也介绍了目前国内技术水平和生产状况,并提出了改进措施和发展方向.     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

深云立交桥梁检测及加固改造

根据深云立交桥梁的检测结果，对该桥目前的整体状况、工作状态，及其使用情况做出综合评价，对桥的病害原因进行了分析，并提出合理的加固方案。     

关于摩尔浓度及其与硬度转换关系问题的讨论

众所周知，国际单位制物质的量采用摩尔(mol)表示，近几年出版的给排水专业书籍，为了与国际单位制接轨，逐渐将摩尔的使用频率不断提高，被给排水技术人员广泛应用的新版给排水设计手册，将表示物质浓度的单位“当量／升”或“毫克当量／升”．改为mol／l或mmol／l，虽然编者对其基本单元定义作了说明，但在实际运用上仍会出现误解，     

《儿子与情人》的语码转换与男女二元对立

劳伦斯小说《儿子与情人》一个鲜明的语言特色就是标准英语和当地方言频繁的语码转换。莫瑞尔用方言来对抗妻子,而妻子坚持用标准英语,偶尔也用方言来讽刺、挖苦丈夫。语码转换反映了劳伦斯男女二元对立的哲学思想。     

抗腐蚀高强耐磨涂料研发与应用

介绍了抗腐蚀高强度耐磨涂料的研制和开发，以及用作柳钢球团回转烘干机刮板保护涂层的应用效果。