Synthesis of aligned carbon nanotubes by thermal chemical vapor deposition

Single crystal silicon was found to be very beneficial to the growth of aligned carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition with C₂H₂ as carbon source. A thin film of Ni served as catalyst was deposited on the Si substrate by the K575X Peltier Cooled High Resolution Sputter Coater before growth. The growth properties of carbon nanotubes were studied as a function of the Ni catalyst layer thickness. The diameter, growth rate and areal density of the carbon nanotubes were controlled by the initial thickness of the catalyst layer. Steric hindrance between nanotubes forces them to grow in well-aligned manner at an initial stage of growth. Transmission electron microscope analysis revealed that nanotubes grew by a tip growth mechanism. Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50435030)     

不同基体材料的载钯修饰电极的制备及比较

以玻碳板、钛网和泡沫镍为基体材料,通过电沉积法制备载钯催化电极,对比研究基体材料对电极电催化活性的影响.循环伏安测试表明,Pd/GC电极、Pd/Ti电极和Pd/foam-Ni电极的氢吸附峰值分别为-23.46 mA、-59.57 mA和-60.53 mA.扫描电镜分析表明,基体材料影响钯在电极表面的沉积形态,GC板表面呈菱形块状,Ti网表面呈现针状结构,foam-Ni表面呈绒毛状.多孔foam-Ni及Ti网比表面积较大,Pd沉积后拥有更多的催化位点,增强了电极的电催化性能,增大了电极的脱氯潜能.     

Fe-Ni/Ti填充碳纳米管的制备和表征

以Fe-Ni/Ti为催化剂,采用PECVD法制备了金属Fe-Ni/Ti填充的碳纳米管,并用高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM),扫描电镜(SEM)等表征方法对碳纳米管的形态和微结构进行了深入研究.结果表明,本实验采用的方法获得了大量的被金属Fe-Ni/Ti不完全填充的碳纳米管.     

金属Co催化直流碳弧放电产物的研究

在直流碳弧法的阳极棒中掺入金属Co作催化剂生产单壁碳纳米管和碳包Co纳米晶 对产物进行了X射线衍射分析 ,用高分辨电镜观察单壁碳纳米管和碳包Co纳米晶的形貌 ;并比较了碳包Co的含量对Co纳米晶产量和粒径大小的影响 ;研究结果表明阳极棒中Co的加入有利于曲卷状的石墨结构碳纳米管和碳包Co纳米晶的形成 ,而纳米晶粒的粒径大小则随Co含量的增多而增大     

TiC/Ti-Al基复合材料的燃烧合成

为了改善Ti-Al金属间化合物的脆性,利用SHS/PHIP工艺制备了TiC/Ti-Al基复合材料.理论分析表明,绝热温度随C质量分数的增加而呈升高趋势,当体系中碳的质量分数≥2%时,该体系能完成自蔓延过程.采用电子扫描显微镜,X射线衍射仪对合成产物进行了分析.结果表明,合成产物中除存在基体相Ti3Al和TiAl和增强相TiC外,还存在许多三元相Ti3AlC和Ti2AlC相;随着Al质量分数的增加,增强相的形貌由颗粒状逐渐变成棒状或片状;复合材料的硬度和压缩强度随C质量分数的增加逐渐增加,但密度及相对密度随C质量分数的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势.当C的质量分数达到4%时,其实际密度和相对密度均达到最大.     

等离子喷焊铁/镍混合基喷焊层Q345复合板的制备

通过在铁合金粉末中加入5%质量分数的镍合金粉末来制备铁镍合金粉末。使用等离子喷焊技术在以Q345为基体的低合金钢表面制备铁/镍混合基喷焊层。通过设计正交实验,使用金相显微镜,物相显微镜以及扫描电镜,来研究铁/镍混合基喷焊层的物相以及微观组织,判断其基体和喷焊层的结合性是否良好以及对基体,融合线,喷焊层的金相组织进行观察与分析。在判断喷焊层显微硬度时,使用维氏显微硬度计,对试样的喷焊层,融合线以及基体进行测试,并对其数据进行分析。使用软件对试样的金相图进行晶粒分析,通过对试样的硬度,成型系数,焊缝宏观样貌,裂纹等数据进行分析,优化出具有高性能的铁/镍混合基Q345复合板工艺参数。     

无定形纳米碳管的合成、表征及其纯化后的电化学性能

以焦粉制备的碳棒为碳源,以镍为催化剂,在负压条件下,于乙炔和氦气气氛中,采用电弧法合成了无定形纳米碳管（ACNT）。利用扫描电镜、透射电镜,X-射线衍射仪和拉曼光谱对产物进行表征。采用微波辅助硝酸纯化法对制备的ACNT进行纯化,并进一步在空气中纯化。用纯化后的纳米碳管修饰碳糊电极,利用循环伏安法测试了电极的电化学性能。结果表明,电极具有良好的电化学稳定性,ACNT管壁上的羟基基团被氧化而减少,导致无定形纳米碳管／碳糊电极电子传递速度减慢。     

Effects of size and surface modification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on mechanical properties of polyurethane-based nanocomposites

Polyurethanes/multi-walled carbon nanotube (PU/CNT) composites were prepared with a help of ultrasonically dispersing CNT in the traditional procedure of synthesizing polyurethane. In this case, the various loading levels, sizes and surface-modified groups were considered to regulate the mechanical performances of the PU/CNT nanocomposites. Moreover, the structure and mechanical properties of all the PU/CNT nanocomposites were investigated by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and tensile testing. The experimental results showed that a moderate loading-level of 0.1wt% and a diameter of 10-15 nm for CNT could produce the maximum tensile strength and elongation while it was worth noting that the surface carboxylation of CNT could further enhance the tensile strength and elongation of the PU/CNT nanocomposites.     

ZrO2 与TiO2 介孔薄膜对碳基介孔型钙钛矿太阳能电池的 性能影响

通过旋涂ZrO_2与TiO_2混合浆料,制备钙钛矿太阳能电池介孔层。以孔径较大的ZrO_2/TiO_2混合介孔薄膜(MIX)为基底制备了晶粒较大的甲胺铅碘(MAPbI3)钙钛矿光吸收层。以致密TiO_2薄膜为电子传输层,石墨/碳黑为对电极,制备了钙钛矿太阳能电池。比较了ZrO_2单层介孔、Ti O2单层薄膜、TiO_2+ZrO_2双层介孔与ZrO_2/TiO_2单层混合介孔的钙钛矿太阳能电池的性能。结果表明,用MIX制备的钙钛矿太阳能电池表现出最高的光电转换效率(PCE)和良好的长期稳定性。     

Performance of a combined capacitor based on ultrafine nickel oxide／carbon nanotubes composite electrodes

A new sol-gel process for the preparation of ultrafine nickel hydroxide electrode materials was developed. The composite electrodes consisting of carbon nanotubes and Ni(OH)2 were developed by mixing the hydroxide and carbon nanotubes together in different mass ratios. In order to enhance energy density, a combined type pseudocapacitor/electric double layer capacitor was considered and its electrochemical properties were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and dc charge/discharge test. The combined capacitor shows excellent capacitor behavior with an operating voltage up to 1.6 V in KOH aqueous electrolyte. Stable charge/discharge behaviors were observed with much higher specific capacitance values of 24 F/g compared with that of EDLC (12 F/g) by introducing 60% Ni(OH)2 in the anode material. By using the modified anode of a Ni(OH)E/Carbon nanotubes composite electrode, the specific capacitance of the cell was less sensitive to discharge current density compared with that of the capacitor employing pure nickel hydroxide as anode. The combined capacitor in this study exhibits high energy density and stable power characteristics.     

含氟电解液对TiO2纳米管阵列生长的影响

以含NH₄F的乙二醇溶液作为电解液,通过重复使用电解液的方式,对金属Ti箔进行阳极氧化处理,在其表面制得形貌可控的TiO₂纳米管阵列结构;利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对TiO₂纳米管阵列的形貌进行表征,并对TiO₂纳米管阵列的形成机理进行分析。结果表明:所获得的TiO₂纳米管呈现圆锥状,H+和F–离子是形成 TiO₂ 纳米管阵列的关键;重复使用含氟电解液,可将可溶性氟化物完全转化成TiF₆2–离子,从而减少对环境的危害,含氟电解液可重复使用6次;随着含氟电解液使用次数的增加,TiO₂纳米管的尺寸能够被有效调控;TiO₂纳米管阵列的管长呈现先增大后减小的趋势,可在20 μm内自由调控,纳米管管口处直径最高可达110 nm左右。     

石墨烯/ Pd复合材料的制备及其形成机制研究

采用氯化双乙二胺钯Pd(en)2Cl2为钯的前驱体、氧化石墨为炭的前驱体,先将Pd(en)22+插入氧化石墨层中,再用NaBH4化学还原插层的氧化石墨,从而制备出石墨烯/Pd复合材料。并用X衍射(XRD)、场扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和N2吸附表征复合材料的结构,且在此基础上推导出石墨烯/Pd复合材料的形成机制。     

一种简单的模板法制备聚苯乙烯纳米管

为了制备具有高强度聚苯乙烯纳米管及其阵列结构，以孔径仅有200nm的阳极氧化铝为模板，采用聚合物溶液浸润模板这一简单的物理技术，成功制备了具有常规相对分子质量的聚苯乙烯纳米管及其阵列。SEM和TEM测试结果表明：聚苯乙烯质量分数分别为2．5％，5．0％和10．0％的聚合物溶液可以制得管壁厚度分别为50nm，70nm和80nm的纳米管。可知聚合物溶液浓度是影响纳米管结构的主要因素之一。计算可知：聚苯乙烯质量分数为10．0％的聚合物溶液完全充满纳米孔时，溶剂挥发后高分子链沉积在孔内壁上形成纳米管的管壁厚度约为5nm。由此推断出聚合物溶液浸润阳极氧化铝模板的过程反复多次进行，并归纳出溶液浸润模板制备聚合物纳米管的多次浸润机理。     

Direct hydrothermal synthesis and magnetic property of titanate nanotubes doped magnetic metal ions

Pure titanate nanotubes and titanate nanotubes doped with Fe3 /Ni2 /Mn2 ions were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. In this process, titanate nanotubes were first prepared synchronously with doping Fe3 /Ni2 /Mn2 ions. The morphology,structure, thermal stability and magnetic property of titanate nanotubes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and magnetic measurement. The titanate nanotubes transformed into the anatase titania nanocrystals,and further the mixture of anatase and rutile titania along with increasing temperature. The results indicate that the titanate nanotubes doped with Fe3 /Ni2 /Mn2 ions are paramagnetic behaviors.     

Effect of annealing on the characteristics of Au/Ni50Fe50 bilayer films grown on glass

Sputter-deposited Au/Ni_(50)Fe_(50) bilayer films were annealed in a vacuum of 5×10~(-4) Pa at 523 to 723 K for 30 or 90 min. The characteristics of the bilayer films were determined by Auger electron spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, a four-point probe technique, and an alternating gradient magnetometer. When the annealing temperature and time reached 723 K and 90 min, Ni and Fe atoms markedly diffused into the Au layer. The grain size of the Au layer did not change markedly with the annealing condition. As the annealing time was 30 min and the annealing temperature exceeded 573 K, the resistance of the bilayer film increased with increasing the annealing temperature. Furthermore, the resistance of the bilayer film annealed at 723 K for 90 min was lower than that of the bilayer film annealed at 723 K for 30 min. All the bilayer films showed magnetic hysteresis loops. The as-deposited bilayer film showed a hard magnetization. The bilayer film represented an easy magnetization with increasing the annealing temperature. The Au/Ni_(50)Fe_(50) film that annealed at 723 K for 90 min had the lowest saturation magnetization.     

辅助气体对分阶段制备金刚石膜的影响

采用形核 甲烷/氢气生长-辅助气体/甲烷/氢气生长的新工艺,在镜面抛光的单晶硅片上制备了金刚石膜,并用扫描电子显微镜和激光拉曼光谱等测试方法对薄膜的表面形貌和质量性能进行了表征;研究了添加辅助气体对已有金刚石晶型生长的影响.结果表明:以甲烷/氢气为气源时,金刚石膜生长率一般为1.8 μm/h,当分别加入氧气、二氧化碳、氮气时,其生长率都有所提高,其中加入二氧化碳时,其生长率是甲烷/氢气为气源的3倍多,但是加入氩气时,其生长率下降;通过新工艺,在加入氮气或氩气时,第一生长阶段为微米,而第二生长阶段为纳米尺寸,最后制备出具有微/纳米双层复合金刚石膜.     

Wetting behavior of graphite and CFC composites by Cu-Ti compacts

The wetting behavior of Cu-Ti powder compacts with 22 wt %Ti and 50 wt %Ti on carbon materials, including graphite and carbon fiber reinforced carbon composites(CFC), has been investigated in a vacuum using the sessile drop method. The equilibrium contact angles of Cu-22Ti(containing 22 wt%Ti) on the graphite and the CFC substrates at 1 253 K are 32 o and 26 o, respectively, whereas the equilibrium contact angle of 9° is obtained for Cu-50Ti(containing 50 wt%Ti) on both the graphite and the CFC substrates at 1 303 K.Microstructural analysis of the wetting samples shows that a thin TiC reaction layer is developed at the interfacial area and Ti-Cu intermetallic compounds are formed over the reaction layer. The investigation on the spreading kinetics of Cu-Ti compacts on carbon materials substrates at fixed temperatures reveals that the spreading is controlled by the interfacial reactions in the first stage and then by the diffusion of the active Ti from the drop bulk to the triple line in the later stage. The spreading is promoted by the intense reaction at higher Ti concentrations.     

Improvement of luminescent stability from carbon nanotube field emission display based on printed CNT film

Recently, as the applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in field emission display (FED) are broadly and deeply studied [1-7], the luminescence stability of CNT-FEDs have become more and more important. Generally speaking, the impact factors on the lumi- nescent stability include surface reactions between CNTs and gas molecule [8] and the damage at the nanotubes [9] or the CNT-substrate interface [10] caused by resistive heating from high-current field emission. Since the screen printin…     

Double Glow Plasma Hydrogen-free Carburizing on Commercial Purity Titanium

A carburized layer with special physical and chemical properties was formed on the surface of commercial purity titanium by a double glow plasma hydrogen-free carburizing technique,High-purity netlike solid graphite was used as a raw material and commercial purity titanium was used as the substrate material.Argon gas was used as the working gas.The carburized layer can be obviously observed under a microscope.X-ray diffraction indicates that TiC phase with higher hardness and dissociate state carbon phase was formed in the carburized layer.The glow discharge spectrum（GDS） analysis shows that the carbon concentration distributes grodiently along the depth of carburized layer.The surface hardness of the substrate increases obviously.The hardness distributes gradiently from the surface to inner of carburized layer.The friction coefficient reduces by more than 1/2,the ratio wear rate decreases by above three orders of magnitude.The wear resistance of the substrate material is improved-consumedly.     

采用石墨碳源沉积金刚石薄膜

采用固相石墨为碳源，使用微波等离子体化学气相沉积（MPCVD）法，在Si(111)上沉积高质量的金刚石薄膜。研究了在气相碳源浓度处于不饱和状态时，沉积气压和石墨温度对生长速率的影响。利用SEM，XRD，红外光谱分析薄膜表面形貌和质量。结果表明高质量的金刚石薄膜可在H2激发而生的封闭的等离子体气氛下合成，高的有沉积气压和石墨温度会导致高的气相碳源浓度，从而有利于提高薄膜的生长速率，而低的气相碳源浓度有利于沉积薄膜的质量的提高。