Styryl Dyes for Synthetic-polymer Fibres.

The synthesis of a series of dyes derived from reaction of 2-methyl-4-(N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethyl)amino, lidicyano-styrene with acid chlorides, chloroformates, isocyanates and isothiocyanates is described. Data relevant to dye characterization by electron-impact induced fragmentation is reported. Dyeing and fastness properties of the dyes on cellulose secondary acetate, cellulose triacetate, nylon 6.6 and polyester fibres are discussed in terms of dye structure. Comparison is made between some related dyes derived from 2-methyl-4-(N-ethyl-N-β-aminoethyljamino-β,βdicyanostyrene.     

1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone-2-thioethers. Dyes for Synthetic-polymer Fibres

The synthesis of a series of 2-thioethers of 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone by various preparative routes is described. The colour, dyeing and fastness properties on synthetic-polymer fibres of these dyes is discussed in terms of the nature of the substituent in the thiol group. 2-(2-aminophenylthio)-l, 4-dihydroxyanthraquinone, which gave the new heterocycle 6,13-dihydroxyanthra-[2,3-b]benzo[d] thiophen-7,12-dione on Pschorr intramoleadar cyclization, was observed to undergo cyclization, during both its synthesis and its application to polyester fibres, to the blue coloured 7-hydroxy-14H-mphtho[2,3-a] pheno-thiazine-8,13-dione.     

New Dyes and their Intermediates for Synthetic-polymer Fibres

Halogenobenzothiazolylazo dyes were prepared by coupling diazotised halogeno-2-aminobenzothiazoles to N-β-hydroxyethyl-N-β-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine. The colour and fastness properties of the dyes on secondary cellulose acetate and on polyester fibre are compared with respect to the position and the nature of the halogen atom. Dyes containing 4-halogeno atoms have the highest fastness to sublimation on polyester fibres; the fastness to light of the dyes is considerably higher on secondary cellulose acetate than on polyester fibres, but differences between individual dyes are small.     

The Dyeing of Synthetic-polymer Fibres with Aerosols of Disperse Dyes

A method is described for the determination of the rates of diffusion of 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone in polyester, nylon and cellulose triacetate fibres under anhydrous conditions below 150°C. As the results of the measurements of diffusion were favourable, the dyeing of synthetic-polymer fibres, particularly polyester fibres, by application of solid disperse dye in the form of an aerosol was studied. Batch dyeing of loose polyester fibres, utilising a fluidised-bed principle, was investigated, as was continuous dyeing by filtration of an aerosol through a moving layer of fibres. The latter method appears to be suitable for bulk dyeing.     

Azides Part I - Reactive Dyes Containing the Azido Group for Synthetic-polymer Fibres*

Dyes containing sulphonylazido, carbonylazido, arylazido and azidoacetamido groups have been synthesized. These dyes react chemically with synthetic-polymer fibres, such as polyester, nylon and cellulose acetate. Their dyeing and fastness properties are discussed.     

Practical Significance,Theory and Determination of Compatibility of Dyes on Synthetic-polymer Fibres

The compatibility of dyes is particularly important in regard to the time, reproducibility and levelness of dyeing. For basic dyes on acrylic fibres and anionic dyes on nylon, a characteristic of the dye—the compatibility value K— is valuable in determining whether it can be used in the same bath as others. Dyes having the same K-value are compatible under most dyeing conditions. For disperse dyes, K-values do not exist. In selecting such dyes for use together, other properties of the dyes and the concentrations to be used in the particular combination must be considered.     

New Dyes and Intermediates for Synthetic-polymer Fibres. 7,7-Dioxo-Benzo(K, /)thioxan-thene-3,4-dicarboxylic Acid Imides

The synthesis of benzo [k, l] thioxanthene-3,4-dicarbo-xylic acid-7,7-dioxide is described. Condensation of this heterocycle with amines, or oxidation of the corresponding imides of benzo [k, l] thioxanthene-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, affords a new range of dyes which colour synthetic-polymer fibres, especially polyester, in yellow shades of excellent fastness to light and sublimation.     

Dyeing Properties of Monoazo Dyes Derived from Substituted 2-Aminobenzothiazole-3N-oxides on Various Synthetic-polymer Fibres

The preparation of new monoazo dyes from substituted 2-aminobenzothiazole-3N-oxides and aniline coupling components and their dyeing properties on polyester, cellulose acetate, nylon 6 and acrylic fibres are reported.     

Dyeing Properties of Monoazo Dyes Derived from 5-Nitro-2-aminobenzothiazole-3N-oxide on Various Synthetic-polymer Fibres

The preparation of new monoazo dyes from substituted 5-nitw-2-aminobenzothiazole-3N-oxides and aniline coupling components and their dyeing properties on polyester, cellulose acetate, nylon 6 and acrylic fibres are reported. The dyes exhaust well on synthetic-polymer fibres to give bright dyeings of good fastness to dry cleaning and sublimation. Their light fastness is better than that of dyeings of the unnitrated dyes. However the transferability of the nitro dyes is such that they are unsuitable for sublimation printing. The transferability of other dyes derived from 2-aminobenzothiazole-3N-oxide and its derivatives is also assessed.     

New Intermediates and Dyes for Synthetic-polymer Fibres. N-Alkylated Derivatives of 4-anilino-8-amino-1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone and of 4-anilino-5-amino-1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone

N-alkylated derivatives of 4-anilino-8-amino-1,5-dihydroxy-anthraquinone and of 4-anilino-5-amino-1,8-dihydroxy-anthraquinone are obtained either by reaction of the corresponding nitro derivatives with alk ylamines or of the corresponding amino derivatives with alkyl halides. They are excellent dyes for polyester fibre, giving deep greenish-blue dyeings of good fastness to light and sublimation.     

Migrating Cationic Dyes for Acrylic Fibres

The area covered by this paper - migrating dyes for acrylic fibres - has been dealt with more than once in recent years. A review of this work is given here.     

The Development of Disperse Dyes for Acetate Fibres

Presented at the Golden Jubilee Symposium on Disperse Dyes, held at the British Celanese Sports and Social Club, Spondon, on 10 May 1973, Mr W. Venn in the chair. The early development work on disperse dyes during the ‘acetate years’ - the first 30 years of use of these dyes - is described. The problems encountered - dispersion and choice of dispersing agents, dusting, application of dyes in mixture, gas-fume fading, and phototropism -are discussed.     

The Search for Effective New Dyes for Chemical Fibres

Promising new approaches to manufacture of dyes for chemical fibres based on colored compounds of natural origin and products of chemical modification of trinitrotoluene (Trotil) and trinitrobenzene are demonstrated. Synthesis of dyes that protect textile materials from biodamage based on incorporation of pharmacophoric groups in the molecule is described.__________Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 5–9, March–April, 2005.     

New Intermediates and Dyes for Synthetic-polymer Fibres. Benzimidazothioxanthenoisoquinolinone Dioxides and Sulphones of 7H-Benzimidazo (2, 1-a) benz(d,e) isoquinolin-7-one

Condensation of benzo(k,i)thioxanthene-3, 4-dicarboxylic acid-7, 7-dioxide with o-phenylenediamine gives a mixture of the new heterocycles benzimidazo(1, 2-b) thioxantheno(2, 1, 9-d, e, f) isoquinoline-7-one-16, 16-dioxide and benzimidazo(2, 1-a) thioxantheno(2, 1, 9-d, e, f) isoquinolin-8-one-5, 5-dioxide. Separation of these isomers is reported, together with their characterisation by unambiguous synthesis. Similar reaction with substituted o-phenylenediamines affords other isomer mixes of the above. These new dyes colour polyester fibres in orange hues of excellent fastness to light and sublimation. Comparison of the dyes is made with the uncyclised sulphone derivatives of 7H-benzimidazo(2, 1-a) benz(d, e) isoquinoline-7-one, which are novel bright yellow dyes of good coloration and fastness properties on polyester.     

Comparison of Fluorescent Brightening in the Production of Synthetic-polymer Fibres and in the Textile Industry

The different methods of mass brightening synthetic-polymer fibres are briefly surveyed. The physical and chemical characteristics of fluorescent brighteners (FBA) for polyester and nylon fibres, both for incorporation in the mass and for conventional application during the processing of textiles, are discussed. Various methods of application for selected FBA are compared with respect to the whitening effects and fastness properties obtained.     

Aftertreatment of Anionic Dyes on Nylon Fibres

Meeting of the Bradford Junior Section, held in Bradford Technical College, on 13 October 1969, Mr R. S. Stringer in the chair The wet fastness of dyed unbacktanned nylon fibres decreases slightly during dry-heat setting under moderately severe conditions. This is attributed mainly to oxidative degradation of the fibre, which also results in considerable yellowing and loss in strength. The wet fastness and tensile strength decrease slowly during prolonged steam setting, but several hours are required to produce a similar decrease to that produced by treatment for a few minutes in hot air. Yellowing of the fibre during steam setting is very slight, even on prolonged treatment. The rapid decrease in the wet fastness of backtanned nylon during setting occurs mainly in the early stages of treatment and the fastness decreases ultimately to that of the untanned and postset fibre. The improvement in wet fastness on backtanning is less on dyed nylon 6 than on nylon 6.6, because less of the agent is taken up by nylon 6. However, the wet fastness of aftertreated nylon 6 decreases more rapidly during setting because this fibre is more prone to thermal degradation. The most important causes of the loss in wet fastness of backtanned dyeings on nylon fibres are (a) thermal oxidation of the backtanning agent, (b) thermal and hydrolytic attack of the nylon and (c) catalysis of degradation of the nylon by the backtanning agent or its decomposition products.