Fe-1.5C-1.5Cr-1.5Al超高碳钢碳化物的球化和力学性能

对Fe-1.5C-1.5Cr-1.5Al超高碳钢碳化物的球化工艺及力学性能进行了研究.扫描电镜观察表明,加入铝,可抑制锻后空冷条件下先共析网状碳化物的析出;利用铝合金化作用和成分不均匀化奥氏体加热控制,提出了2种无形变球化处理工艺:①离异共析等温球化;②预冷淬火 高温回火.2种球化处理工艺均能获得良好的球化组织和良好的综合力学性能:Rm≥1 000 MPa,Re≥700 MPa,A10=10%～14%.拉伸断口具有明显的缩颈,断口形貌呈具有典型的韧窝特征.     

Fe 15C 15Cr 15Al超高碳钢碳化物的球化和力学性能

 对Fe 15C 15Cr 15Al超高碳钢碳化物的球化工艺及力学性能进行了研究。扫描电镜观察表明，加入铝，可抑制锻后空冷条件下先共析网状碳化物的析出；利用铝合金化作用和成分不均匀化奥氏体加热控制，提出了2种无形变球化处理工艺：①离异共析等温球化；②预冷淬火+高温回火。2种球化处理工艺均能获得良好的球化组织和良好的综合力学性能：Rm≥1 000 MPa，Re≥700 MPa，A10=10%~14%。拉伸断口具有明显的缩颈，断口形貌呈具有典型的韧窝特征。     

高碳铬轴承钢棒材轧后控冷工艺

阐述了轧后控冷工艺的机理,介绍了在特殊钢分公司连轧棒材线上运用轧后控冷技术,细化高碳铬轴承钢球化前的预备组织,获得片层间距较细的片状珠光体,在球化退火后,组织均匀细小,可获得细小弥散的碳化物颗粒,使网状碳化物级别≤2.5级,保证了产品质量。运用轧后控冷技术代替正火工艺,降低了生产成本。     

铝对喷射成形超高碳钢组织与性能的影响

在喷射成形快速凝固条件下,含铝超高碳钢会发生铝在渗碳体中的非平衡固溶.由于这种含铝渗碳体的不稳定性,在随后的加热中会迅速由喷射态的晶界网络形态或珠光体片层状转化为分散而细小的颗粒,从而使该材料具有很好的高温塑性和热加工性能.加铝的喷射成形超高碳钢可把碳的质量分数提高到1.8%,经一道次70%热轧后形成致密、无碳化物网络、均匀细化的组织,使屈服强度和抗拉强度分别提高到1 088 MPa和1 419MPa,并仍有一定的塑性.     

微量稀土元素对奥氏体不锈钢21-4N显微组织及碳化物的影响

通过对21-4N钢添加微量稀土Ce元素,分析不同Ce含量对21-4N钢铸态、锻态下的显微组织的影响。结果表明:适量稀土Ce元素的加入,可以显著细化铸态树枝晶间距、"类珠光体"团及一次碳化物M_7C_3,改善铸态"类珠光体"形貌,减少一次碳化物数量;显著细化锻态奥氏体晶粒尺寸。当Ce含量过高,铸态"类珠光体"团粗化、一次碳化物数量增加;锻态奥氏体粗化。Ce元素含量0.011%≤w(Ce)≤0.015%时,21-4N钢的铸态"类珠光体"团尺寸小、形状球化,一次碳化物细小且数量增加;锻态奥氏体晶粒细小。     

喷射成形超高碳钢的自超塑化现象

用喷射成形工艺制备的无宏观偏析、组织为均匀细密珠光体的超高碳钢,无需任何热的或机械的预处理,即可具有伸长率达380%的超塑性,并且在2×10-1s-1的应变速率下仍有122%的伸长率.这是由于在此变形过程中发生了碳化物由片层状向颗粒状的转变并形成细小等轴晶粒的组织超塑化;而且高应变速率可促成高度细化的球化组织.由此开发的喷射成形结合大压下量热轧的方法可以简捷有效地使超高碳钢获得很好的超塑性,并且可以应用于高速钢等其它高碳钢铁材料.     

Fe-1C钢离异共析转变行为

离异共析转变(DET)是高碳钢实现快速球化退火的重要理论依据。为了深入理解离异共析转变机理,采用定量金相方法,通过奥氏体中断淬火和等温转变试验对Fe-1C钢离异共析转变行为进行研究。结果表明,在共析温度以下,Fe-1C钢中离异共析转变与珠光体转变存在竞争, DET相体积分数与奥氏体化后残留的渗碳体粒子间距L_θ以及珠光体片层间距λ有关,DET相体积分数随λ/L_θ值的增加而增大。用基于JMAK方程的离异共析转变动力学模型计算了DET相体积分数随λ/L_θ的变化关系并与试验结果进行了比较拟合,试验测量值与计算拟合曲线吻合较好。λ/L_θ的值越大,离异共析转变时碳原子扩散所需距离相对于珠光体转变越短,就越有利于离异共析转变的发生。     

Fe-1C钢离异共析转变行为

离异共析转变(DET)是高碳钢实现快速球化退火的重要理论依据。为了深入理解离异共析转变机理,采用定量金相方法,通过奥氏体中断淬火和等温转变试验对Fe-1C钢离异共析转变行为进行研究。结果表明,在共析温度以下,Fe-1C钢中离异共析转变与珠光体转变存在竞争, DET相体积分数与奥氏体化后残留的渗碳体粒子间距L_θ以及珠光体片层间距λ有关,DET相体积分数随λ/L_θ值的增加而增大。用基于JMAK方程的离异共析转变动力学模型计算了DET相体积分数随λ/L_θ的变化关系并与试验结果进行了比较拟合,试验测量值与计算拟合曲线吻合较好。λ/L_θ的值越大,离异共析转变时碳原子扩散所需距离相对于珠光体转变越短,就越有利于离异共析转变的发生。     

超高碳钢组织超细化的工艺

阐述了超高碳钢组织超细化工艺及其机理。这些工艺包括：二阶段热形变处理技术、热形变 离异共析转变处理技术、热形变 DET 形变处理技术、循环热处理技术及复合热处理技术。该超细化组织由极细的铁素体晶粒以及在其中均匀分布的渗碳体颗粒组成。此外，分析了硅、铝、铬等合金元素对相变温度的影响及其对网状碳化物和石墨化的抑制作用，讨论了合金化对超高碳钢的组织超细化的影响。     

轴承钢棒材超快速冷却新工艺的应用研究

 针对国内某钢厂连轧生产线上出现的网状碳化物严重析出问题,提出高温终轧后超快速冷却与缓冷相配合技术,在精轧机后安装超快速冷却器,对60 mm棒材高温终轧后超快速冷却到一定温度后缓冷,从而抑制了网状碳化物的析出,使过冷奥氏体完全发生伪共析转变而得到细片层间距的珠光体型组织-索氏体,并促进珠光体形核减小珠光体球团直径,减小C原子扩散能力细化了珠光体片层间距,得到了利于球化退火的理想组织。     

冷却速率和奥氏体化温度对40Cr钢球化退火的影响

为探究奥氏体化温度和冷却速率对40Cr钢球化过程的影响,采用双相区球化退火研究了热轧态40Cr钢的球化退火行为和力学性能.奥氏体化温度从760℃提高到800℃,冷却速率从10℃·h-1上升到30℃·h-1,组织硬度随冷却速度呈V形变化,碳化物球化率随冷却速度变化正好与前者相反.奥氏体化温度为760℃,冷却速率为20℃·h-1所得到的球化组织球化率高,且碳化物细小,具有良好的冷成形性能,可大幅度缩短球化退火时间,显著提高生产效率.提出了球化退火过程中离异共析转变机制,控制好球化过程中奥氏体化温度、冷却速率及保温时间有利于离异共析转变的发生.      

New Spheroidizing Technique of Ultra-High Carbon Steel With Aluminum Addition

A new spheroidizing process of ultra-high carbon steel （UHCS） containing C 1.55%, Cr 1.45%, and Al 1.5% in mass percent has been proposed. The effect of processing parameters on the microstructure was analyzed. The UHCS produced by this new process has a microstructure with recrystallized ferrite matrix and fine and uniform carbide particles. After this spheroidizing, the UHCS exhibits good mechanical properties at ambient temperature, for example σb= 1 100 MPa, σs =915 MPa, δ=8% and high ratio of σs/σb.     

SKS51合金工具钢的快速球化退火工艺的试验研究

基于离异共析原理,在实验室条件下试验研究了CSP流程生产的SKS51合金工具钢(/%:0.75～0.85C、O.20～O.50Cr、1.30-2.00Ni)4 mm板快速球化退火生产工艺。结果表明,此钢种经奥氏体化温度730℃、保温10 min随炉冷却到650℃等温球化120 min后,剩余未溶碳化物颗粒最多且分布均匀弥散,获得了较好的球化组织。该快速球化退火工艺与传统球化退火工艺相比,节能降耗并提高生产效率。     

Effect of Ultra-fast cooling on the microstructure of large-section bars of bearing steel

 The ultra-fast cooling technology of large-section bars GCr15 bearing steel was researched connected with industry practice, the microstructure in different cooling patters were researched by optical microscopy、transmission electron microscopy and energy spectrometer, it was concluded that: the large-section bars of GCr15 bearing steel passed the zone of secondary carbide precipitation quickly through the ultra-fast cooling technology(UFC) the instantaneous cooling rate of which was about 200℃/s, the finishing cooling temperature was higher than Ms, the lamellar spacing of pearlite was thinner and thinner and the micro-hardness was bigger and bigger along with the reduction of re-reddening temperature,the precipitation of network carbide was restrained when re-reddening temperature was 690℃, and fine laminated pearlite was obtained through transformation of pseudopearlition which induced the reduction of the diamond of pearlite grain and refinement of the lamellar spacing of pearlite, ideal microstructures promoting spheroidizing annealing were obtained.     

热处理对14MnVTiRE钢4 mm薄板组织和力学性能的影响

14MnVTiRE钢[/%:0.10～0.15C、0.30～0.60Si、1.20～1.60Mn、0.03～0.09V、0.07～0.16Ti、0.10～0.15RE(加入量)]4 mm薄板的生产流程为180 t顶底复吹转炉-180 mm×1 260 mm连铸板坯-连轧-卷取工艺。在连铸时由结晶器喂φ2.5 mm RE丝。试验研究了950℃正火,950℃正火+690℃1～5 h回火对薄板组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,正火后钢的组织为铁素体+细珠光体,在正火+690℃回火1～3 h钢中的珠光体片层碳化物发生球化,分布在晶界和晶粒内部,随回火时间进一步增加,碳化物呈点状和三角形,全部分布在晶界,材料的强度降低很大。14MnVTiRE钢薄板的最佳热处理工艺为950℃正火+690℃1～2 h回火,其屈服强度为510～610MPa,抗拉强度630～680 MPa,伸长率22%～25%。     

含钛低合金超高强耐磨钢的连续冷却相变行为

在MMS-300热力模拟实验机上对一种含钛低合金超高强耐磨钢进行热模拟实验,研究了热变形奥氏体在连续冷却转变过程中的相变行为,建立了其连续冷却转变曲线(CCT曲线),观察了不同冷速下的组织变化情况,并探讨了精轧阶段变形量和变形温度对试验钢组织和性能的影响.结果表明,变形促进了先共析铁素体和珠光体的转变,缩短其孕育期,在...     

The role of the divorced eutectoid transformation in the spheroidization of 52100 steel

Austenite containing fine particles of carbides may undergo the eutectoid transformation by either the pearlite reaction or the divorced eutectoid transformation (DET) reaction. The latter reaction automatically produces a spheroidized structure, while the pearlite reaction produces a structure that resists spheroidization. This study has evaluated the heat treatment conditions that promote the DET in 52100 steel. The results show that the DET is dominant over the pearlite reaction for austenitization at temperatures of 830 °C and below and for cooling rates of 500 °C/h and below. This information should be useful in the design of more energy efficient heat treatment processes for spheroidization annealing than the very long time processes currently recommended in the literature.     

Spheroidizing Kinetics and Optimization of Heat Hreatment Parameters in CK60 Steel Using Taguchi Robust Design

 When processing parts made from medium carbon steel, toughness and flexibility are of importance. Therefore, to achieve these properties, the cementite in the steels is spheroidized through heat treatment. Different parameters such as the time and temperature of spheroidizing and the initial microstructure of the steel affect the amount of spheroidized cementite. In the present work, the percent of contribution of two parameters, i.e. initial microstructure and spheroidizing time, on the percent of spheroidization in CK60 steel was investigated using Taguchi robust design. Based on the number of parameters (two) and the number of their levels (four), a L16 orthogonal array, which consists of 16 experiments, was chosen. The initial microstructures consisted of Martensite (M), Coarse Pearlite (C. P.), Fine Pearlite (F. P.), and Bainite (B) and the chosen spheroidization times were 4, 8, 12, 16 hours. Spheroidizing was done at the constant temperature 700 oC. After spheroidizing was completed, the samples were prepared in order to view their microstructure under an optical microscope and to determine the spheroidized percent using MIP? (Metallographic Image Processing) software. It was found that the spheroidizing time had the most influence (58.5%) on spheroidized percent and the initial microstructure only had a 31.1% contribution. Finally, the instantaneous growth rate of the carbide was also deduced.