Aspects of menu design

Abstract Menus are choice structures. This article explores the pros and cons of various menu layouts. Its findings are applicable to the whole range of computer-assisted learning media from the micro through to touch screen interactive video.     

基于Unix进程间通信的图形界面开发方法

提出利用Motif界面开发工具和Unix进程间通信技术的图形界面开发方法,介绍为应用程序增加图形界面的过程及涉及的关键技术,最后给出有限元后处理可视化系统的二次开发实例。     

User-interface design for text editing: A case study

This paper describes the design of the user interface of a text editor named Occam with the goal of communicating by example the process of user-interface design. An attempt is made to induce principles; where that attempt falls, the raw details are presented. First Occam Itself Is described, and then aspects of its user Interface are used to exemplify (1) power versus ease of learning, (2) the use of prototypes and user feedback, (3) the importance of planning and (4) error detection and handling.     

基于SVG的自适应用户界面工具开发

为解决不同设备的用户界面难以开发问题,设计一个基于可伸缩矢量图形的自适应用户界面工具——SSUIT。该工具采用分层体系结构,用基于分页思想的自适应布局算法解决显示屏幕尺寸变化大的问题。给出一个集成的自适应用户界面开发工具构建实例,测试结果表明,该工具具有较好的实用性。     

Research-based guidelines for warning design and evaluation

During the past two decades, the body of empirical research on warning design and evaluation has grown. Consequently, there are now basic principles and guidelines addressing warning design (e.g., signal words, color, symbols, and text/content), placement (e.g., location within product instructions), and how to enhance the usability of designs by considering factors internal to the user (e.g., beliefs, perceptions of risk, stress). Similarly, evaluation methods have been developed that can be used to measure the effectiveness of warnings such as the degree to which warnings are communicated to recipients and the degree to which they encourage or influence behavioral compliance. An overview of the empirical literature on warning guidelines and evaluation approaches is provided. Researchers, practitioners, and manufacturers can use these guidelines in various contexts to reduce the likelihood that injury and product damage from exposure to a hazard will occur.     

Automated framework for classification and selection of software design patterns

Though, Unified Modeling Language (UML), Ontology, and Text categorization approaches have been used to automate the classification and selection of design pattern(s). However, there are certain issues such as time and effort for formal specification of new patterns, system context-awareness, and lack of knowledge which needs to be addressed. We propose a framework (i.e. Three-phase method) to discuss these issues, which can aid novice developers to organize and select the correct design pattern(s) for a given design problem in a systematic way. Subsequently, we propose an evaluation model to gauge the efficacy of the proposed framework via certain unsupervised learning techniques. We performed three case studies to describe the working procedure of the proposed framework in the context of three widely used design pattern catalogs and 103 design problems. We find the significant results of Fuzzy c-means and Partition Around Medoids (PAM) as compared to other unsupervised learning techniques. The promising results encourage the applicability of the proposed framework in terms of design patterns organization and selection with respect to a given design problem.     

Development of design for remanufacturing guidelines to support sustainable manufacturing

Developing sustainable approaches to manufacture is a critical global concern. Key measures towards this include practicing design for environment (ecodesign), for example by improving remanufacturing efficiency and effectiveness. Remanufacturing is a process of bringing used products to a “like-new” functional state with warranty to match. Its significance is that it can be both profitable and less harmful to the environment in comparison to conventional manufacturing. Remanufacturing has a low profile in world economies and is poorly understood because of its relative novelty in research terms. However, environmental and competitive pressures are changing the global and business environment and this is fuelling interest in the practice. This paper provides the background to remanufacturing together with the findings from workshops recently undertaken in the UK as part of research into design and manufacturing approaches to facilitate remanufacturing.     

MHG平台下的Web浏览器的设计及实现

在对现有的GUI库和Web浏览器进行充分研究的基础上,选择QT/E和Konq/E作为MHG平台的浏览器实现方案。成功将QT/E和Konq/E移植到MHG平台,并实现了QT/E对于中文的支持。经过实际运行的考验,解决方案运行稳定,效率良好,达到了先前的实现目标,并能很好地满足MHG平台的需要。     

三屏幕系统图文处理软件包

为了扩大视觉范围,增加人与计算机之间交互的信息量,我校人机信息界面技术实验室建立了一个具有三个屏幕的计算机图形系统,本课题组研制了该系统的图形文字处理软件包。三个屏幕既可联合成一个大屏幕,用以显示相连的或相关的信息,如一幅大地图;又可使每个屏幕作为一个窗口显示多画面,且能同步协调地变化。用户可在任一屏幕上进行图形或文本的编辑和处理,还能表示层次图形与信息逐步加细。作者已将通常的单屏幕上的软件工具改造为支持多屏幕系统,因而熟悉IBM-PC机的用户很容易使用该系统。本文给出了该软件包的功能及实现策略,详述了将Auto CAD绘图软件改造为支持多屏幕系统的方法。     

一种轻量级跨平台嵌入式GUI库

嵌入式系统之间的差异会造成应用程序移植困难。为此,提出一种轻量级跨平台嵌入式图形用户界面(GUI)库,即huG。该库的 2个库文件负责将与具体平台和系统进行交互的类组成后台库,其核心库为应用程序提供编程所需的基本功能类。测试结果表明,该库结构精简、编程模式简单,具有良好的可移植性。     

Ergonomic guidelines for computerized user interfaces

This paper proposes a set of guidelines designed to ensure that the operator interface of a computerized system will be easy to use. The guidelines are designed to apply to a broad range of computerized systems with a variety of input/output devices. Examples are given to illustrate the user interface problems that occur when specific guidelines are ignored. The possibility of guidelines like these becoming an IEEE standard is proposed.     

The development of human factors design guidelines

There is a growing information gap between the development of advanced human-machine systems, and the availability of human factors design criteria that can be applied during their design process. Despite increased interest in the development of human factors design guidelines, there also remains considerable uncertainty and concern regarding the actual utility of such information. Indeed, many existing human factors reference materials have been criticized by designers for being ‘too wordy’, ‘too general’, and ‘too hard to understand’. The development of clear, relevant, and useful human factors guidelines requires a judicious mix of science and art to overcome such criticisms. Specifically, while a number of empirical and systematic methods can be productively applied to their development, the final design guidelines will always represent a subjective integration of user requirements, design constraints, available information, and expert judgement. This paper summarizes procedures and heuristics associated with both the science and the art components of human factors design guideline development.     

Plug and play perimetry: Evaluating the use of a self-calibrating digital display for screen-based threshold perimetry

This study evaluated the feasibility of using a ‘self-calibrating’ display (EIZO CG277) to perform screen-based threshold perimetry. Such displays incorporate their own integrated photometer, so could potentially be used ‘straight out of the box’, without the need for time-consuming and costly luminance calibration by skilled experts. Concerns remain, however, due to the fact that the internal calibration of such devices is imperfect, and lingering doubts regarding the accuracy of screen-based perimetry in general. To evaluate such a system, automated static threshold perimetry was performed in thirty-two normal-sighted adults. In one condition, participants performed a novel screen-based perimetry test, for which the screen was calibrated extensively using traditional photometric techniques/equipment. In a second condition, the same test was performed, but the display was calibrated using only the screen’s integrated photometer (and assuming uniformity across the display). For reference, participants also completed a traditional visual-field assessment using a Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA). All three tests were performed twice to assess test-retest repeatability (six tests total). The results showed no differences when comparing screen-based perimetric measurements made with internal self-calibration vs full manual calibration (either in terms of mean sensitivity, pointwise sensitivity, test-retest repeatability, or test duration). Furthermore, the accuracy and precision of both were indistinguishable from the current gold standard (HFA), although the HFA was approximately two minutes (~30%) faster. These results indicate that self-calibrating commercial monitors can be used to perform screen-based perimetry almost as well as current clinical devices, and without the need for any specialized knowledge or equipment to setup or maintain. This could facilitate perimetric testing in currently hard-to-reach settings, such as community centers, stroke wards, homes, rural locations, or developing countries.     

一种改进的GUI测试框架DART

针对当前的图形用户界面自动化测试中存在的局限性,提出一种每日自动回归测试（DART）框架的改进方案。研究DART流程、事件流图,包含了事件关联图的方法,实现对事件流图的优化,并采用权重选择法对DART方法进行改进,使之成为一种高效、简洁的自动冒烟测试框架。     

基于消息机制的实时屏幕共享技术

实时的屏幕共享技术广泛使用在远程控制中,但是目前大部分的屏幕传送是采用静态定时的方式,效果并不理想,特别是在实时性方面。本文介绍了一种结合了Windows消息机制的屏幕共享技术,它采用了动态的消息触发机制,传送变化的部分图像,大大地改善了效果。     

A sampling monitor for applications programs

Periodic location counter sampling is a well-known technique for conducting performance measurements on operating systems. It is also extremely useful for applications programs. This paper describes a set of interface conventions for such a monitor. SPY, a monitor obeying these conventions, has been implemented on three different computers.     

Evaluating design guidelines for reducing user disorientation in a desktop virtual environment

Navigation in virtual environments can be difficult. One contributing factor is user disorientation. Two major causes of this are the lack of navigation cues in the environment and problems with navigating too close to or through virtual world objects. Previous work has developed guidelines, informed by cinematography conventions, for the construction of virtual environments to aid user comprehension of virtual space to reduce user disorientation. To validate these guidelines, two user studies have been performed where users of a desktop virtual environment are to complete a navigation task in a virtual maze. In an initial study [12], collision detection with the maze walls was not enabled and the results indicated that the guidelines were effective for reducing disorientation but not for developing the users awareness of the environment space. A second study has been performed where collision detection was enabled. Results suggest that the use of the guidelines can help reduce the incidences of user disorientation and aid navigation tasks. However, the guidelines have little impact on users ability to construct cognitive maps of the desktop virtual environment.