微孔SiO2膜的气体渗透性能

研究了微孔ＳｉＯ２膜的气体渗透性能。气体渗透数据表明，由于微孔ＳｉＯ２膜存在着一定的孔径分布，其渗透机理比较复杂，当膜的孔径大于并接近分子的动力学直径时，其渗透由择形扩散控制；而当膜的孔径大于不接近分子的动力学直径时，对于非凝聚的小分子气体其渗透受努森扩散控制；对于可凝性气体其渗透将受多层扩散和毛细管凝聚的控制，单组份正／异丁烷气体在２５℃、压差为０．０６ＭＰａ时的理想分离系数为１．８；１：１的正     

界面聚合法合成有机酸掺杂聚苯胺结构与性能研究

以苯胺为单体,过硫酸铵为氧化剂,分别以乙酸、月桂酸、硬脂酸、十二烷基苯磺酸为掺杂酸,通过界面聚合法成功制备了有机酸掺杂聚苯胺,对其导电性能、溶解性能进行评价,对其化学结构、晶型结构和微观结构进行分析。结果表明:当苯胺与掺杂酸摩尔比为1∶2时电导率普遍较好,约为(1.73～2.43)×10-4S/cm;有机酸掺杂聚苯胺在极性溶剂中溶解性较好;FT-IR分析结果证明有机酸对聚苯胺进行了成功掺杂;XRD结果说明聚苯胺在2θ=6°的衍射峰受掺杂酸尺寸影响较大,且对聚苯胺的微观形貌具有显著影响。     

辐射接枝制备中空纤维纳滤膜的性能研究

对以聚砜(PSF)中空纤维超滤膜为基体,通过低温等离子体辐照接枝2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)制备的纳滤膜的结构和性能进行了研究。结果表明,这种方法可以制得断裂强力高于PSF基膜,孔径约为2.6nm和纯水渗透系数为44.3L/(m2.h.MPa)的纳滤膜。在25℃,0.4MPa下对300mg/L的K2SO4、Na2SO4、MgSO4、KCl、NaCl和MgCl2的截留率为89.3%、88.3%、52%、39.6%、37.4%和13.2%,表明该纳滤膜为荷负电膜,对无机盐的截留主要依靠Donnan效应。     

A PA/O-NGO/PPS sandwich composite membrane prepared via multi-step interfacial polymerization for desalination

In view of the disadvantages of concentration polarization and trade-off effects in the application of membrane in desalination field, oxide-nano graphene oxide/polyamide (O-NGO/PA) loose intermediate layer and PA ultra-thin dense layer were introduced to fabricate PA/O-NGO/polyphenylene sulfide composite membrane with sandwich structure via multi-step interfacial polymerization (MS-IP) method. The selective permeation mechanism of ultrathin layer produced by different aqueous monomers (PIP and MPD) was studied, the effect of its physicochemical structure on the relief of concentration polarization phenomenon and the breakthrough of trade-off effect was analyzed. The ultra-thin and dense PA layer mainly played the role of interception and shortened the water molecular penetration path. In the retention test of metal salt solution, compared with the rough surface, it was found that the smooth surface was more conducive to the diffusion of intercepted metal ions into the feed solution, thus alleviating the concentration polarization phenomenon.

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Synthesis and electrochemical properties of polyaniline nanofibers by interfacial polymerization

Polyaniline nanofibers were prepared by interfacial polymerization with different organic solvents such as chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the morphological properties of polyaniline nanofibers. Chemical characterization was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and surface area was measured using BET isotherm. Polyaniline nanofibers doped with lithium hexafluorophosphate were prepared and their electrochemical properties were evaluated.     

聚丙烯腈静电纺丝膜表面界面聚合制备复合纳滤膜

以聚丙烯腈静电纺丝膜为基膜,哌嗪(PIP)和均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)为单体,采用界面聚合法制备新型的复合纳滤膜,并对其性能进行了表征.实验重点研究了界面聚合中参加反应单体的浓度对界面聚合的影响.并用表面全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)和扫描电镜(SEM)分别对界面聚合前后膜表面化学组成和膜表面、断面的微观结构进行了表征.最后还对复合膜的分离性能进行了测试,在0.3 MPa、25℃条件下,膜的纯水通量为14 L/(m2· h),复合膜对2 000 mg/L NaCl和Na2 SO4以及10 mg/L的固绿和甲基橙小分子的截留率分别为27.92％、95.13％、93.59％和95.81％,达到了纳滤分离级别.     

分子筛填充聚砜膜气体渗透特性研究

制备了分子筛填充聚砜膜,并考察了分子筛填充量对氢、氮、乙烯等气体的渗透特性的影响．实验结果表明,在一定的分子含量范围内成膜过程中会发生分子筛的自聚集现象,从而导致分子筛在膜内的非均匀分布．与此相对应,膜的气体渗透特性也发生突变．     

NMMO法纤维素膜的结构与性能

以纤维素为原料，NMMO为溶剂，用相转化法制备超滤膜，并研究了浆粕种类，铸膜液浓度，凝固浴浓度，温度对膜性能和结构的影响，同时对成膜机理也进行了探讨。     

Thermal properties of polyethylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites prepared by intercalative polymerization

A comparative study of thermal and thermal-oxidative degradation processes for polyethylene/organically modified montmorillonite (PE-MMT) nanocomposites, prepared by the ethylene intercalative polymerization in situ with or without subsequent addition of an antioxidant is reported. The results of TGA and time/temperature-dependent FTIR spectroscopy experiments have provided evidence for an accelerated formation and decomposition of hydroperoxides during the thermal oxidative degradation tests of PE-MMT nanocomposites in the range of 170–200 °C as compared to the unfilled PE, thus indicating to a catalytic action of MMT. It has been shown that effective formation of intermolecular chemical cross-links in the PE-MMT nanocomposite has ensued above 200 °C as the result of recombination reactions involving the radical products of hydroperoxides decomposition. Apparently, this process is induced by the oxygen deficiency in PE-MMT nanocomposite due to its lowered oxygen permeability. It is shown that the intermolecular cross-linking and dehydrogenation reactions followed by the shear carbonization lead to appreciable increase of thermal-oxidative stability of PE nanocomposite, as compared to that of pristine PE. Notably, the TGA traces for the antioxidant-stabilized PE-MMT nanocomposites recorded in air were quite similar to those obtainable for the non-stabilized PE-MMT nanocomposites in argon. The results of treatment of the experimentally acquired TGA data in frames of an advanced model kinetic analysis are reported and discussed.     

Preparation of self-bursting microcapsules by interfacial polymerization

Here, we describe a new technique for microencapsulating pyriproxyfen, a widely used insect growth regulator. Using interfacial polymerization, we successfully prepared self-bursting microcapsules that retained their shape when suspended in water but break open quickly after the water evaporates. In order to investigate the self-bursting phenomenon, we studied the relationship between formulation factors such as volume median diameter (D) or wall thickness (T) and the physical strength of the obtained polyurethane films. As a result, it was found that T and the structure of isocyanate affected the self-bursting phenomenon.     

Gas sensing properties of ZnO nanorods prepared by hydrothermal method

ZnO nanorods are prepared by a hydrothermal process with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and zinc powder at 182°C. The samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The gas sensing properties of the materials have been investigated. The results indicate that the as-prepared ZnO nanorods are uniform with diameters of 40–80 nm and lengths about 1 μm, the relatively high sensitivity and stability of these sensors made from ZnO nanorods demonstrate the potential for developing a new class of stable and very sensitive sensors.     

界面聚合法制备海藻酸钠/聚砜复合纳滤膜

以聚砜(PS)超滤膜为基膜,海藻酸钠(Sodium Alginate,NaAlg)和均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)分别为水相和油相反应单体,经界面聚合反应制备一种新型复合纳滤膜.研究了制备影响因素对复合膜分离性能的影响,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)对复合膜的表面形态和断面结构进行了表征.结果表明,当海藻酸钠的质量分数为2.0%,TMC的质量分数为0.25%,TMC反应时间为30s,热处理温度为50℃,热处理时间为10min时所制备的膜性能最好.所制备的复合纳滤膜在操作压力1.0MPa下,对1 000mg/L的Na2SO4溶液的脱盐率为84.9%,通量为12.2L/(m2.h).     

界面接枝聚合制备有机/无机核壳粒子及聚合物微胶囊

采用界面接枝聚合法成功制备了粒径与壳厚均匀、可控的SiO2/PMMA核壳粒子及PMMA微胶囊.研究发现,单体用量是影响聚合物壳层厚度的重要因素,随MMA用量增加,SiO2/PMMA核壳粒子壳层变厚,其由单纯化学键转向化学键与物理缠结并存.当MMA用量超过SiO2总表面所能消耗的单体最大值时,MMA将均相成核,形成的聚合物乳胶粒子与核壳粒子并存于反应产物中.TEM、FTIR、DLS分析结果表明,PMMA外壳通过共价键锚固在SiO2表面,实现了对其的包覆,证实了核壳结构、空心结构的形成.     

载镍炭分子筛膜的制备及其气体透过性能

采用热固型共聚磺化酚醛树脂在多孔Al2O3管外侧经涂覆、固化、离子交换和热解的方法制备了一种载镍炭分子筛膜.用扫描电子显微镜观察了载镍炭分子筛膜和无镍炭分子筛膜的表面形态,结果表明无镍炭分子筛膜的表面十分光滑,而载镍炭分子筛膜表面呈明显的颗粒堆积状.XRD分析表明载镍炭分子筛膜中镍以硫化物存在.500℃热解所得载镍炭分子筛膜35℃,1.013 2×105Pa时O2通量为32 GPU[1GPU=1×10-6cm3(STP)/s.cm2.cmHg],O2/N2分离系数为6.7.700℃热解所得载镍炭分子筛膜室温空气储存45天后,35℃时对H2,CO2,O2,N2,CH4等气体的透过通量波动小于8%,而透过选择性几乎不变.     

Shape memory properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube/polyurethane composites prepared by in situ polymerization

A high strength multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/shape memory polyurethane composite (SMPC) was prepared by in situ polymerization. The effect of MWCNT content and its dispersion on the microstructure, mechanical, and shape memory property of the SMPC were studied by scanning electron microscopy, universal testing machine, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The results showed that MWCNTs can be well dispersed in the composites and the composites with homogeneous dispersion of MWCNTs exhibited superior mechanical properties for MWCNTs supplied cross-link netpoints in the composites. And the materials with 97 % of recovery ratios (R_r) and 94 % of fixing ratios (R_f) indicated that this SMPC is a prominent potential candidate for smart actuator.     

Gas sensing properties of columnar CeO2 nanostructures prepared by chemical vapor deposition

Columnar CeO2 nanostructures are grown on alumina substrates by a template- and catalyst-free Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) approach and subsequently tested as resistive gas sensors of CH3COCH3, H2, NO2. The sensor response is stable and reproducible throughout the whole working temperature range (200-500 degrees C) and directly dependent on the analyte gas and the adopted operating conditions. The higher sensitivity with respect to that displayed by continuous CeO2 thin films demonstrates the potential of fabricating nanostructured sensing devices characterized by improved functional performances.     

界面张力降低法设计液膜配方

研究了液膜体系各组分与油水界面张力降低的关系，提出了一种根据油水界面张力的降低，筛选表面活性剂、截体、助表面活性剂，和确定料液中待分离离子最佳浓度的方法。     

Microcapsules of PEGylated gold nanoparticles prepared by fluid-fluid interfacial assembly

Amphiphilic, PEGylated gold nanoparticles, of approximately 2 nm average core diameter, were synthesized by reduction of hydrogen tetrachloroaurate in the presence of the ligand (1-mercaptoundec-11-yl)tetra(ethylene glycol). These PEGylated gold nanoparticles were found to assemble cleanly at the oil-water interface. This self-assembly process gave a microencapsulated oil phase, water as the continuous phase, and a monolayer of gold nanoparticles at the oil-water interface. The capsules could be cross-linked from the organic phase by reaction of the chain-end hydroxyl groups of the PEG ligands with suitable electrophiles such as terephthaloyl chloride.