气相色谱-质谱联用法测定啤酒中N,N-二甲基亚硝胺的不确定度评价

目的建立气相色谱-质谱联用法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)测定啤酒中N,N-二甲基亚硝胺的不确定度评定的方法。方法从测定方法分析不确定度来源,计算各不确定度分量,合成扩展不确定度。结果该检测方法线性良好,线性方程为Y=0.00557X-0.0974,相关系数r=0.9994,相对标准偏差为1.11%。啤酒样品中的N,N-二甲基亚硝胺测定结果平均值为10.9μg/m L,扩展不确定度为1.56μg/mL。结论提出的方法适用于啤酒中N,N-二甲基亚硝胺的不确定度评定。     

肉制品中N-二甲基亚硝胺测定及不确定度评定

建立气相色谱/三重四级杆质谱法测定肉制品中N-二甲基亚硝胺的方法,并对测定过程中可能引入的不确定度进行分析和评定。试样经QuEChERS方法提取后采用MRM模式进行定性定量;建立不确定度评定的数学模型,确定并简化不确定度来源,计算合成不确定度和扩展不确定度。加标回收率范围为87.8%~115.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)在4.3%~6.2%,线性相关系数达0.999 5,实际分析15份样品中检出5份阳性样品,含量均低于国家限量值3.0μg/kg;测定3.0μg/kg时,N-二甲基亚硝胺的含量是(3.0±0.18)μg/kg,相对扩展不确定度为6.0%。该试验方法步骤简单、有机溶剂用量少、灵敏度高,重现性好,满足国家限量检测的要求;本方法适用于GC-MS/MS测定肉制品中N-二甲基亚硝胺的不确定度评定。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法测定肉制品中的4种N-亚硝胺类

本文建立了气相色谱质谱(GC-MS)快速测定肉制品中4种N-亚硝胺含量的分析方法,4种亚硝胺分别为N-二甲基亚硝胺(NDMA)、N-二乙基亚硝胺(NDEA)、N-二丙基亚硝胺(NDPA)、N-二甲基吡咯烷(NPYR)。样品经二氯甲烷提取后经固相萃取柱(SPE)净化,采用DB-1701柱分离,选择离子法(SIM)进行定性定量检测,4种亚硝胺在0.05~10μg/m L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均可达0.995以上,检出限0.06~0.1μg/kg,方法回收率75%~80%,标准偏差小于10%,此方法适用于肉制品中4种亚硝胺的测定。     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法测定啤酒中8种亚硝胺类化合物

目的建立吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法测定啤酒中8种亚硝胺类化合物的含量。方法啤酒通过吹扫捕集并经毛细管色谱柱分离,采用气相色谱-质谱法检测,以内标法定量。结果 8种亚硝胺类化合物(包括N-亚硝基二甲胺、N-亚硝基甲乙胺、N-亚硝基二乙胺、N-亚硝基二丙胺、N-亚硝基吡咯烷、N-亚硝基哌啶、N-亚硝基二丁胺和N-亚硝基二苯胺)在0.5~100.0μg/L的线性范围内呈现较好的线性关系,相关系数r均大于0.99。方法的检出限为0.20~0.35μg/L,平均回收率在78.1%~95.7%之间,相对标准偏差在2.5%~9.8%之间。结论该方法操作简单快捷,灵敏度和准确度均较高,可满足啤酒8种亚硝胺类化合物的检测。     

气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱测定广东地区市售腊肠中9种挥发性亚硝胺

采用QuEChERS技术(具有快速、简便、经济、高效、可操作性强和安全性)结合气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱联用法(gas chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry,GC-MS-MS)检测广东省6个市(县)的40份市售腊肠样品中常见挥发性亚硝胺的种类和含量,了解广东地区市售腊肠中的9种挥发性亚硝胺的污染现状,包括N-亚硝基二甲胺(N-nitrosodimethylamine,NDMA)、N-亚硝基二乙胺(N-nitrosodiethylamine,NDEA)、N-亚硝基甲乙胺(N-nitrosomethylethylamine,NMEA)、N-亚硝基二丙胺(N-nitrosodipropylamine,NDPA)、N-亚硝基吡咯烷(N-nitrosopyrrolidine,NPYR)、N-亚硝基哌啶烷(N-nitrosopiperidine,NPIP)、N-亚硝基二丁胺(N-nitrosodibutylamine,NDBA)、N-亚硝基吗啉(N-nitrosomorpholine,NMOR)、N-亚硝基二苯胺(N-nitrosodiphenylamine,NDPhA)。结果表明:本研究的检测方法灵敏度高,操作简单,适合批量样品的快速检测,其中线性范围为0.05~200 ng/mL,检出限为0.01~0.1μg/kg,加标回收率范围在90.7%~116.0%,相对标准差范围为1.8%~14.0%。广东地区市售腊肠中NDMA、NDBA、NMOR、NPYR、NPIP、NDPA检出率较高;15.0%的市售腊肠样品中NDMA超过我国肉质品的限量标准,最高值为7.37μg/kg,20.0%样品中总挥发性亚硝胺超过10.0μg/kg,含量最高的黑椒腊肠为15.32μg/kg;不同生产方式的市售腊肠中挥发性亚硝胺的种类不同,其中工业化生产的腊肠样品NDMA、NDPA、NDBA含量高于小作坊家庭自制腊肠样品,而小作坊、家庭自制腊肠样品中NMEA、NPYR、NMOR含量高于工业化生产。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定腌制肉制品中的N,N-二甲基亚硝胺含量

目的建立测定腌制肉制品中的N,N-二甲基亚硝胺含量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,HPLC-MS/MS)。方法样品经乙腈超声提取后,离心,提取液用增强型基质去除固相吸附剂(enhanced matrix removal,EMR)进行净化,盐析后得到处理液。在优化的色谱及质谱条件下,采用ESI正离子模式电离,多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)模式扫描测定。结果 N,N-二甲基亚硝胺在2.0~50μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r为0.9998,方法检出限(limit of detection,LOD)和定量限(limit of quantitation,LOQ)分别为0.5μg/kg和2.0μg/kg,平均回收率为95.6%~102.5%,相对标准偏差为4.35%~6.76%。结论该方法操作简便、快速高效、回收率高、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于实际测定腌制肉制品中的N,N-二甲基亚硝胺含量。     

气相色谱-热能分析仪测定水产品中N-亚硝胺

用水蒸气蒸馏-二氯甲烷萃取的方法提取水产品中四种挥发性N-亚硝胺,即N-二甲基亚硝胺(NDMA)、N-二乙基亚硝胺(NDEA)、N-亚硝基吡咯烷(NPYR)和N-二丙基亚硝胺(NDPA)。利用气相色谱-热能分析仪联用进行定性定量检测。本检测方法线性相关系数分别可达0.999 4、0.999 1、0.999 2和0.998 7;线性范围可达0.2μg/m L~4.0μg/m L;方法重现性良好,其RSD可达2.48%~3.56%;回收率可达75.2%~88.9%。     

快速水蒸气蒸馏-气相色谱热能分析仪法测定肉制品和水产制品中13种N-亚硝胺

建立快速水蒸气蒸馏结合气相色谱-热能分析仪技术测定肉制品和水产制品中13种N-亚硝胺化合物的方法。快速水蒸气蒸馏仪能以较高效率提取样品中亚硝胺类化合物,采用N-亚硝基二异丙胺作为内标可有效提高方法稳定性和回收率。结果表明:在0～1.00μg/mL质量浓度范围内,13种N-亚硝胺标准曲线线性良好,线性相关系数均可达0.995以上,当取样量为200 g,浓缩体积为1.0 mL时,13种亚硝胺方法检出限为0.05μg/kg～0.18μg/kg,定量限为0.17μg/kg～0.59μg/kg,添加回收率为80.1%～112.9%,相对标准偏差为1.88%～7.16%。将该方法应用于16个实际样品检测,发现水产制品类样品中N-二甲基亚硝胺检出较多,部分样品含量超过国家限量标准,其他N-亚硝胺化合物偶有检出,含量相对较低。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法测定传统腌菜中的N-亚硝胺

建立了气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)快速测定腌制蔬菜中N-亚硝胺含量的分析方法。采用固相萃取(SPE)结合GC/MS检测了N-二甲基亚硝胺(NDMA)、N-二乙基亚硝胺(NDEA),考察了样品不同提取方法、不同固相萃取洗脱剂配比对分离效果的影响。结果表明,固相萃取相较于超声萃取,回收率高且峰图干净,而固相萃取中选用90%的甲醇水溶液作为洗脱剂,不仅回收率均可达90%以上,同时也减少了有机溶剂的使用量,优化后两种N-亚硝胺的线性范围均为0.1~10.0 mg/L;相关系数分别达到0.994和0.999;检出限为0.02 mg/L;回收率为90%~112%;相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于2.3%,重现性良好。该方法前处理简便、快速,易于操作,适合各类腌制蔬菜中N-亚硝胺的检测。     

液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定奶嘴中12种N-亚硝胺释放量

目的建立液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定奶嘴中12种N-亚硝胺释放量的分析方法。方法样品经人工唾液提取,采用HP-INNOWax色谱柱进行分离,采用分流进样的方式对样品进行上机分析。结果在浓度25~150μg/L内12种N-亚硝胺的线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.995。12种N-亚硝胺的检出限为2μg/kg,定量限为5μg/kg。方法回收率在94.44%~103.93%之间,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)在1.39%~2.73%之间。结论该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,准确可靠,适用于奶嘴中12种N-亚硝胺的测定。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press