DP590钢两道次焊接温度场数值模拟与试验验证

针对汽车用材DP590钢,采用有限元技术,运用参数化编程语言和生死单元技术,对该钢的二氧化碳气体保护单面双道焊接进行数值模拟,并将模拟结果与相同工艺条件下的焊接试验结果比较.结果表明,用有限元数值模拟方法得到的温度场分布规律与实测温度值基本一致;后道次的热循环对热影响区的组织有较大影响;由于再热温度对两道次焊接过程有较大影响,后道次开始焊接温度控制在200℃左右对DP590两道次焊接过程比较合理.     

因瓦合金TIG焊接温度场模拟分析

根据因瓦合金和45钢TIG焊接特点,建立几何模型并确定双椭球热源模式,利用ANSYS软件模拟不同板厚焊接过程中温度场变化,实现温度场与应力场的弱耦合,模拟焊接温度场分布再现温度场的大小及分布情况;利用不同的焊接工艺参数和被焊材料厚度进行了焊接试验,测定焊接过程中特定位置的变形情况,对比分析数值模拟与试验结果.结果表明,在电流132 A,电弧电压17.1 V,焊接速度4 mm/s,板厚1.88 mm的焊接工艺参数条件下可以实现因瓦合金的熔透性焊接,获得良好的焊接接头;利用有限元数值分析方法模拟了焊接工艺参数条件下的焊件温度场分布和熔透性,模拟结果与试验结果一致.     

TC4钛合金压力容器电子束焊接模拟分析

文中采用旋转高斯曲面体热源模型,对一定工艺条件下航天压力容器TC4钛合金试件的焊接过程进行了温度场分析,获得了温度场的分布特征及垂直焊缝方向的温度分布曲线.结果表明,利用该规格试件确定的焊接参数规范能够满足实际产品焊接的要求,热影响区温度梯度的分布情况为内部装置的保护提供了依据;并通过对"匙孔"的演变过程和不同焊接参数下的特征尺寸进行模拟分析,获得了典型关系曲线,工艺试验与模拟结果吻合较好,为获得高质量要求的焊缝提供了参考.     

9Ni钢焊接温度场的数值模拟

采用SYSWELD有限元计算软件,时9Ni钢多道多层焊的焊接温度场进行了数值模拟,并实现了焊接材料逐步填充的模拟,计算结果与试验结果非常一致.利用一次回归正交试验,研究焊接热输入和层间温度对焊接热影响区的热循环的影响.结果表明,焊后冷却时间t8/3和高温停留时间tH随着焊接热输入和层间温度的增加而增大.焊接热输入对t8/3和tH的影响较为显著,根据焊接生产实际条件,应采用小的焊接热输入.     

超高强钢板多层多道焊温度场有限元分析

针对616超高强钢板焊接出现裂纹等问题,为优化焊接工艺参数,准确提供焊接条件下的温度场,采用Sysweld软件建立了15 mm厚板脉冲MIG多层多道焊有限元分析模型,对多道焊焊缝及热影响区形状尺寸进行计算,并分析比较模拟结果。结果表明,有效热输入功率为3 600 W时,校核热源熔融最佳;距热源最近的特征点温度变化最迅速,最先升到峰值点,高温驻留时间最长;道间温度伴随焊接道次增多而逐步上升,控制道间温度可预防热影响区晶粒粗大,有助于改善接头组织。     

API X65管道深水铺设GMAW横向焊接温度场

为了应对管道深水铺设GMAW横向焊接熔池下坠、窄坡口、无衬垫等挑战,建立了管道三维模型并进行了网格划分,利用材料软件生成了API X65温度场材料数据库,通过模拟温度场云图与实际焊缝截面的匹配校核了Goldak双椭球热源模型,管道焊接温度场分布SYSWELD软件模拟结果与实际焊接过程相符合. 建立了焊接温度场测试系统,通过背孔法埋设的热电偶测量了API X65管线钢平板焊接的热循环曲线. 测试曲线与SYSWELD仿真曲线具有相同的温度升降趋势,上板节点温度也均明显低于下板节点温度. 采用焊缝截面平均热循环曲线作为热源进行了多道焊模拟,并进行了试验. 结果表明,多道焊焊接变形是由焊接工艺参数与残余应力释放共同确定的.     

316L不锈钢T型接头温度场与应力场数值模拟

运用SYSWELD模拟软件分析了316L不锈钢T型接头的温度场与应力场,并利用试验方法对模拟结果进行了验证。试验结果与数值模拟结果吻合良好,证实了模拟316L T型接头的可靠性。结果表明,T型接头截面温度分布由扇形分布向椭球状分布转变,且随着焊接道次的增加,温度分布区域增加;焊接时温度场沿焊缝中心呈对称分布,其焊缝区与母材区温度差异较大;第2道焊接的温度峰值明显最大,其腹板温度的峰值温度明显高于翼板的峰值温度,且随着离焊缝越远,其热循环曲线变化越小;不论是纵向残余应力还是横向残余应力,其沿焊接方向上均呈帽状分布,最大纵向残余拉应力出现在焊缝中部,而最大横向残余应力出现在靠近中部焊缝位置;垂直于焊缝的纵向残余应力和横向残余应力均表现出近焊缝区较大拉应力。     

核电SA508-3钢厚壁圆筒纵向焊接残余应力分析

针对由某公司生产首次应用到核电设备上的SA508-3钢,为了获得焊接残余应力分布及规律,采用ANSYS有限元软件对60 mm厚圆筒纵焊的焊接接头进行温度场及残余应力数值模拟,并将模拟结果与相同工艺条件下焊接试验结果进行比较验证.结果表明,模拟结果与试验结果基本吻合;焊接时热源周围极窄区域温度高,梯度大,远离热源温度峰值急剧下降;圆筒外表面残余应力大于内表面残余应力;焊缝及近焊缝区的残余拉应力值较大,远离焊缝中心残余拉应力值逐渐减小;圆筒两端和中部的残余应力在方向上或数值大小上不同;这对控制圆筒残余应力提供了理论依据.     

双面双弧不清根厚板多层多道焊有限元数值模拟

应用大型有限元软件,对28mm厚板双面双弧不清根焊接进行了三维数值模拟.模拟综合考虑了材料性能随温度的变化,对流、辐射和热传导对焊接过程的影响等诸多因素,跟踪观察了多层多道焊接中的温度场、应力场的变化.结果表明,双面双弧打底,t8/5和t8/3与先后两电弧的跟进距离有关;跟进电弧对先焊道有二次热处理作用.双面双弧焊接角变形极小,打底焊道残余应力为压应力,应力集中出现在盖面焊趾部位.模拟结果与相同工艺条件下实测结果对比,相对误差较小.     

高温合金电子束焊接温度场数值模拟

根据熔池边界准则应用有限元方法对高温合金电子束焊接温度场进行了数值模拟.通过线性插值、等效代换等方式估计材料高温参数,模拟材料状态变化.针对电子束焊接特有的钉头状焊缝及其穿透深度大的特点,采用高斯面热源与柱体热源组成的组合热源模型,对焊接温度场进行分析,模拟结果与实际焊缝取得了良好的一致.获得了一定工艺条件下高温合金电子束焊接温度场的分布特征及焊接过程热循环曲线,为优化电子束焊接工艺和电子束焊接残余应力研究提供了参考.     

X80管线钢平板多层对接焊数值模拟

管线钢在实际焊接过程中多采用多层焊,其焊接过程较单层焊更为复杂。利用SYSWELD专业焊接模拟软件,对X80管线钢中厚板平板多层焊焊接温度场及应力场进行数值模拟,研究焊接速度、预热温度及层间温度对焊接温度场和熔深的影响。结果表明,随着焊接速度的增加,焊接温度场的最高温度下降,熔深减小。提高预热及层间温度对温度场无显著影响。残余应力集中在焊缝及近缝的热影响区。最大纵向残余应力出现在打底层的焊缝根部,其峰值大于横向残余应力峰值。     

Effect of interpass temperature on microstructure,impact toughness and fatigue crack propagation in joints welded using the GTAW process on steel ASTM A743-CA6NM

Mainly due to their great toughness, martensitic stainless steels are used for manufacturing hydraulic turbines. However, these steels have some restrictions regarding regions recovered by welding, mainly due to the formation of non-quenched martensite, which causes a reduction in toughness. Considering repair of hydraulic turbines, there is a great interest in developing welding procedures that increase impact toughness and avoid post-welding heat treatment (TTPS). This study aims to analyse the influence of interpass temperature on microstructure, impact toughness and fatigue crack propagation in multipass welded joints on martensitic stainless steel CA6NM, using AWS410NiMo filler metal and the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. In the sample with interpass temperature of 80°C, influence of the interpass temperature on the formation of ferrite δ, with intragranular formation in the two-phase δ field, was observed, while in the sample welded at 150°C, the formation of ferrite δδ occurred mainly in the single-phase field. The change in the formation of ferrite δ, with the low interpass temperature, promoted an increase in impact toughness and a decrease in the fatigue crack propagation when compared with the sample welded with a higher interpass temperature. The results obtained indicate that the TIG process is an excellent alternative for the repair of CA6NM steel, with a significant influence from the interpass temperature.     

16Mn特厚钢板多道焊温度场数值模拟

为了研究特厚板多层多道焊温度场分布,对两块板厚60 mm的16Mn特厚钢板的焊接过程进行了数值模拟和实验研究。利用ANSYS有限元软件和分布式计算方法,采用"生死单元"技术实现了模拟过程中焊接材料的逐步填充,对特厚钢板的对接多道焊过程进行三维瞬态温度场数值模拟。同时采用埋弧自动焊对16Mn特厚钢板进行了17道焊接,焊接工艺参数与计算参数相同,焊接过程采用热电偶测量温度场,并与计算值相比较,结果表明:分布式计算方法可以有效缩短计算时间,且计算值与实验测量值吻合良好,成功实现了60 mm特厚板多层多道焊的温度场数值模拟。     

液压支架用785高强度钢焊接温度场模拟与验证

为了优化785高强度钢焊接工艺参数,能够提供焊件上典型位置的准确热循环曲线,掌握和预测焊接过程中及焊后焊件组织、性能变化规律,采用ANSYS有限元软件对20 mm板材焊接温度场进行数值模拟,并将模拟结果与相同工艺条件下焊接试验数据进行比较.结果表明,焊接热循环曲线的模拟结果与试验数据高度吻合;模拟焊接热影响区的宽度与实际测量值基本一致;从母材到熔合区,板条贝氏体逐渐减少,粒状贝氏体逐渐增加,晶粒尺寸也逐渐变得粗大.     

Three dimension simulation analysis of the interpass stress and deformation during multipass welding

It has been widely studied about the final residual stress and deformation in muhipass welding of thick weldments. But there is a lack of a clear understanding of the interrelationship of interpass stress and deformation during multipass welding. In this study, a three dimension numerical model of a sixteen-pass double V-groove welded joint with 50 mm plate is developed to compute the stress field and deformation by using multiple CPU parallel processing technology. The following factors such as the non-linear of temperature, heat radiation, filling of material step by step and so on are considered. Distribution and evolution law of welding stress in the transverse and longitudinal section is analyzed in this paper, and the interpnss stresses are studied also. At the same time the evolution course of angular deformation amount is analyzed, and the experimental results show that the calculated resuhs accord with the measured results of angular deformation.     

焊接过程计算机仿真的算法研究

开发焊接过程计算机仿真软件可以优化产品设计，降低生产成本。焊接过程计算机仿真软件是用于焊接过程和温度场的仿真，一旦焊接过程能够实现计算机模拟，就可以通过计算机系统来确定各种材料的最佳焊接参数。介绍了应用于相贯线焊缝焊接过程中温度场及残余应力场的计算机仿真的算法，并初步分析和建立了该软件系统框架。     

屈服强度900 MPa级高强钢焊接工艺

针对煤矿机械用屈服强度900 MPa级高强钢板焊接工艺特点,研究了该钢材焊接热影响区组织转变规律、焊接冷裂纹敏感性及焊接工艺参数对焊接接头组织性能的影响.结果表明,SHT900D钢有较强的淬硬倾向,焊接过程中应采取必要的措施防止焊接冷裂纹的产生;焊接工艺参数对焊接接头组织和性能均有一定的影响,为确保焊接质量,应合理控制焊接热输入量及焊道间温度.研究成果已成功应用于高端液压支架的焊接.     

Effect of temperature field on types and distribution of reinforcing phases in "in-situ" weld-alloying/PAW of SiCp/6061 Al

Based on theories of heat transfer, physical metallurgy and hydro-mechanical, in order to analyze the effect of welding parameters on species and distribution of reinforcing phases visually and legibly,finite element software ANSYS was used to simulate transient temperature field for SiCp/Al in " in-situ" weld-alloying/plasma arc welding. The results show that the calculated results approximately agreed with the experimental measured results. So the model is basically correct and credible. Based on the numerical solutions and experimental results, effect of temperature field in different welding process parameters( welding current, welding velocity) on species and distribution of reinforcing phases is analyzed. The results show that adjusting and optimizing temperature field appropriately is an effective method to obtain welded joint with better microstructure and property.     

Heat conduction analysis of bidirectional multipass welding with short bead lengths

Abstract

A heat conduction analysis is considered for multipass welding conducted in a forward–reverse manner. When the welding is conducted continuously and the bead is short, the interpass temperature sometimes exceeds 500°C. To predict the thermal histories, a heat conduction model is examined using the analytical solution of a moving point heat source in a wide plate of finite thickness. In the model, point heat sources, some of which are moving in one direction and others in the opposite direction, are considered. Comparison of the calculated and experimental results reveals that the proposed model can predict the thermal histories fairly well. This is followed by calculation of the equivalent arc energy, defined as the apparent arc energy which gives either the same cooling time from 800 to 500°C or the same kinetic strength of the heat cycles with no preheating (the concept of kinetic strength has been developed to estimate austenite grain growth in the heat affected zone region), and examination of the effect of maximum interpass temperatures on the equivalent arc energy. When the interpass temperature is greater than 500°C, its effect can be to increase the equivalent arc energy from 2.5 kJ mm^-1 to between 6 and 14 kJ mm^-1.     

Influence of interpass temperature on the properties of duplex stainless steel during welding by submerged arc welding process

Duplex stainless steels are materials that present high corrosion resistance with high values of mechanical strength, therefore motivating their use in various components in the offshore industry. However, there are major challenges in the welding of these materials in terms of the productivity and quality of the joint produced, considering its extensive use for components of small thickness, such as umbilicals, to those of large thickness, such as salt water injection pipelines. In relation to pipes of small thickness, the gas tungsten arc welding process is successfully used. In thick-walled pipes, the automatic process of submerged arc welding (SAW) has been recently implemented in lines of pre-assembled piping, and this has considerably increased the productivity of the joints produced, though, a great deal of time is required to perform a new weld pass, due to the fact that the maximum interpass temperature needs to be lower than 150 °C. This work presents the results of characterization and the evaluation of corrosion resistance of a welded joint corresponding to DSS UNS S31803, with a wall thickness of 21.4 mm, welded by the gas metal arc welding process in the root and SAW process in the filling and cap passes, employing an interpass temperature between 150 and 290 °C. The results of the characterization of the mechanical properties, chemical composition and corrosion resistance in different regions of the welded joint were compared with those obtained for the base metal of the pipe, as well as with the minimum values required by the project standards. Therefore, this study has made an evaluation of the influence of the interpass temperature in the properties of the joints produced, motivated by a possible increase in productivity in pipe welding.