船用薄板CO_2焊控制焊接变形工艺研究

采用药芯焊丝CO2气体保护焊工艺对控制船用4mm薄板的焊接变形进行了试验研究,结果表明采用该工艺能较好地控制船用薄板的焊接变形,并得出了控制焊接角变形3°和纵向挠曲变形量在±6mm范围内的合理焊接工艺参数。     

AH36薄板不同焊接工艺下应力的三维数值模拟

通过建立三维有限元模型,对不同焊接条件下6 mm厚AH36钢薄板焊接残余应力峰值和分布进行了数值计算和试验研究.结果表明,在冷却方式相同的情况下,焊接应力峰值与热输入相关,采用混合焊方法的试样应力较大;在焊接方法相同的情况下,不同冷却方式的纵向焊接应力分布规律不同.与常规焊相比随焊激冷改善了焊接残余应力场分布,尤其是降低了残余拉应力峰值.为验证有限元模拟结果的准确性,采用相同参数进行焊接试验,试验结果与数值模拟结果基本一致,表明采用三维有限元模拟技术可以掌握不同焊接条件下焊接应力演变规律,为控制焊接残余应力提供了依据.     

EH36钢薄板对接焊接变形数值模拟

基于通用有限元软件Abaqus,采用顺序耦合的热弹塑性有限元法研究了EH36钢薄板焊接变形问题。通过建立三维高阶单元有限元模型和采用混合热源,对EH36钢薄板对接焊过程进行数值模拟,并开展相关焊接试验,实测了薄板的焊接变形。结果表明:数值模拟得到的焊接变形与试验值基本吻合,证明了该数值计算方法的可靠性和高阶单元在热弹塑性有限元分析中的高效性;薄板焊接后发生显著的面外变形,应予以控制。     

AH36船用钢板焊接接头力学性能分析

采用单一CO2气体保护焊,在不同的焊接工艺参数发冷却条件下,对船用AH36钢板的焊接接头力学性能进行了研究.试验结果表明,无论是自然冷却或在焊缝背面进行雾化水冷,接头力学性能均良好;当冷却条件相同时,焊缝层数增加,利于提高焊缝区的冲击韧性;在焊接工艺参数不变的条件下,焊缝背面进行雾化水冷,利于细化晶粒,提高焊缝的冲击韧性及抗拉强度,但是,过高的冷却速度导致接头的脆性增大.     

AH36船用钢板焊接接头显微组织与韧性研究

采用CO2保护焊+埋弧焊的混合焊接方法,对AH36薄板进行焊接试验,重点研究了不同的冷却条件对其焊接接头质量的影响.结果表明,在所选择的焊接方法和焊接工艺条件下,无论何种冷却条件,焊接接头所有区域的冲击性能均满足规范要求.微观组织分析表明,适当的焊缝背面雾化水冷,可以细化或改善焊接接头组织,控制焊缝柱状晶形态,减少铁素体生成量,适量增加珠光体含量,从而确保焊缝金属具有良好的综合力学性能.     

薄板加强筋结构焊接过程的有限元模拟

针对薄板加强筋结构焊接残余应力和焊接变形复杂的问题,先对单一T型接头进行数值模拟以验证焊接模拟的合理性,最后对薄板加强筋结构焊接温度场和应力场进行数值模拟。结果表明,T型接头在焊后发生了角变形,最大的变形量位于底板的角点处,大小为5.0 mm,数值模拟与残余应力测试结果表现出很好的一致性;薄板加强筋结构焊后残余应力主要沿着焊缝分布,在远离焊缝处残余应力迅速减小,最大残余应力位于横向筋板与底板焊缝处,大小为329 MPa;薄板加强筋结构焊后最大变形处位于底板的角点处,数值模拟得到的最大变形量为107 mm,实际测量的最大焊接变形量为105mm,数值模拟与实际焊接变形结果较好的吻合。     

不同振动时效处理工艺对焊接构件残余应力的影响

振动时效技术是通过引起焊接构件的共振达到调整构件内部残余应力的新技术,具有适用性强、耗能低等特点,有着广泛的应用前景.本文通过测试采用不同振动时效处理工艺后海洋平台用D36钢焊接试件的焊后残余应力及角变形,对比分析了在焊接过程中不同阶段进行振动时效处理对焊接构件残余应力和角变形的影响.试验结果显示,采用“焊时振动”处理工艺时的角变形最小,而采用“层间振动”处理工艺可以获得最好的应力消除效果.为不同振动时效处理工艺应用于减小焊接构件残余应力和焊后变形提供了试验理论依据.     

LD10薄板随焊锤击工艺的有限元分析

对于铝合金的焊接其焊后残余应力导致的焊接变形,尤其对于薄板的焊接其焊接变形问题更为严重。本文运用MSC.Marc大型有限元模拟软件对LD10铝合金的随焊锤击工艺进行三维模拟,为优化铝合金随焊锤击工艺的工艺参数,提供了理论依据和指导。结果说明:由于焊接热源后的锤击作用使得作用区域的金属发生了塑性延展,从而导致工件的纵向残余拉应力峰值、纵向残余弹、塑性变形量均逐渐减小。分析认为,随焊锤击能够减少焊接区因局部加热而导致的压缩塑性变形,降低了焊接残余应力,从而起到控制薄板焊接失稳变形的目的。     

薄板T型焊残余应力数值模拟与试验研究

基于ABAQUS计算软件建立了薄板T型焊的三维有限元模型,采用Goldak双椭球移动热源模型,运用热-弹-塑性力学的顺序耦合计算方法模拟得到薄板T型焊的焊接残余应力、温度场及变形。为了验证数值计算方法的有效性,进行了Q235钢薄板T型双边焊接试验,采取通孔法测量了焊件给定测点的残余应力。结果表明:数值模拟得到的焊接残余应力峰值大小和分布规律与试验结果吻合较好。     

16Mn钢U形焊接接头残余应力和变形

利用有限元分析软件ANSYS/APDL语言编写程序,选用U形焊接接头,采用生死单元方法的热源加载模式,进行多步循环,实现了焊接全过程残余应力场的三维动态模拟,获得了焊接接头残余应力和残余变形的分布规律;采用CO2气体保护焊对16Mn钢U形焊接件进行焊接,得到了焊接接头冷却后最终的残余变形情况,仿真结果与实验所得的规律相吻合,为进一步研究和消除焊接残余应力和应变提供了依据。     

Effects of arc distance on angular distortion by asymmetrical double sided arc welding

Abstract

Permanent angular distortion of the welded structure is developed because of non-uniform transverse shrinkage on thickness. Reducing and controlling residual angular deformation from the welding processes is extremely important in the manufacturing industry. A new method, asymmetrical double sided arc welding (A-DSAW), is studied due to controlling residual angular distortion. But it is not clear about the effects of arc distance on the angular distortions. In this paper, the effects of arc distance on angular deformation are researched through developing finite element model of A-DSAW at different arc distances. To verify the calculated results, the temperature and angular distortion are measured. Numerical and experimental results indicate that angular distortion v. arc distance appears non-linear relationship and the effect mechanism of arc distance on angular distortion of A-DSAW is further analysed.     

A study on the angular distortion in tee type full penetrated welded joint fabricated by the laser-arc hybrid welding

The reducing effect of the angular distortion in T-type full penetrated welded joints fabricated by laser-arc hybrid welding was investigated. The angular distortion caused by the laser-arc hybrid welding were measured and compared with one caused by CO₂ gas shielded-arc welding. As a result, the amount of angular distortion by laser-arc hybrid welding was the same level as one in the case of forming a leg size of F1 grade regulated by the Common Structural Rules for Bulk Carriers by applying arc welding. In addition, numerical analysis of the welding deformation was carried out by thermal elastic–plastic finite element analysis and these results were generally consistent with the measured results. Moreover, the effect on the FE result of the penetrated shape is discussed.     

沟槽蒙皮结构激光焊接应力和变形的数值模拟

利用有限元分析软件MARC对"沟槽-蒙皮"结构的激光焊接过程进行三维数值模拟,涉及了激光焊接复合热源模型的确定,热力学边界条件的简化,数值模拟温度场的验证,以及残余变形和应力分布结果的分析和讨论.研究了结构上规则排列的多道焊缝的施焊顺序对焊接残余应力和变形的影响.结果表明,不同焊接顺序所产生的变形态相同,变形量有区别,而残余应力的分布则不同,以由外向中的对称顺序进行焊接时,结构的焊后残余变形最小,残余应力的分布比较均匀,峰值最小.     

Q345钢对接接头残余应力与变形的预测

以ABAQUS软件为平台,开发了用于模拟多层多道焊接头温度场、残余应力和焊接变形的热-弹-塑性有限元计算方法. 利用所开发的计算方法对板厚为16 mm的Q345钢平板对接接头的温度场、应力场和变形进行了数值模拟. 采用试验方法测量了对接接头的残余应力和角变形. 试验结果与数值结果比较吻合,验证了所开发方法的有效性. 结果表明,在板厚相同的条件下角变形和横向收缩随着焊接层数的增多有增大的趋势;焊缝附近的纵向拉伸应力区域分布范围随焊接层数的增加略有减小;焊接层数对纵向残余应力的峰值影响较小.     

Brazing of metals – consumables,technologies and standardisation

For predicting welding distortion and residual stress generated by laser–arc hybrid welding, a series of experiments and analyses were carried out. A bead-on-plate welding was performed on SM490 steel by using a fibre laser and CO₂ arc welding by changing their heat input ratio. The experiment was simulated by thermal elastic–plastic analysis with the proposed simulation model considering the penetration shape by laser and arc separately. By using this model, the experimental results could be simulated with high accuracy. Therefore, the validity and generality of the numerical simulation model could be verified. The tendency and magnitude of angular distortion varied with the heat input ratio of laser and arc. The results indicated the possibility of the ideal heat input ratio of laser and arc for controlling angular distortion generated by hybrid welding. On the other hand, it was confirmed that the heat input ratio of laser and arc did not affect residual stress generated by hybrid welding.     

激光电弧复合焊接顺序对304不锈钢T形接头影响的模拟试验分析

建立304不锈钢T形接头三维有限元模型,研究激光电弧复合焊接顺序对304不锈钢T形接头热变形及残余应力的影响. 采用高斯面热源加高斯锥形体热源组合的热源模型,模拟激光电弧复合热源,并通过304不锈钢激光电弧复合堆焊工艺试验验证数值模拟激光电弧复合焊接过程的可靠性. 结果表明,焊缝截面熔池形貌的数值仿真结果与焊接工艺试验结果吻合较好,该热源模型能有效模拟激光电弧两种热源的复合作用. 确定多种焊接顺序方案,分析不同焊接顺序下T形接头温度场、残余应力和热变形情况,激光电弧复合焊接顺序对T形接头残余应力及热变形均有影响,通过对比不同顺序下残余应力值及热变形量发现,顺序焊接能有效减小焊接残余应力,同时反向焊接产生的热变形量最小. 综合分析,不锈钢T形接头顺序反向焊接的效果最佳.     

Simulation on the deformation controlling of T-joint LBW with auxiliary heat source for high strength aluminum alloy

To avoid the angular deformation of aluminum alloy T-joint weldments, a new method named welding with auxiliary heat source is proposed. The welding simulation is performed with the commercial finite element software Abaqus and FORTRAN programme encoding a special conical heat source with Gaussian volumetric distribution of flux. The influence of the local model on the temperature, residual stress, and welding deformation distributions is investigated. The findings show that angular deformation achieved through numerical computation completely consists with the experimental result which has proved the effectiveness of the finite element methods developed. Various measurements performed on small-scale welded test specimens provide a data base of experimental results that serves as a bench mark for qualification of the simulation result. Finally, the residual stress and strain states in a T-joint are predicted.     

线能量对TC4钛合金激光焊接残余应力和变形的影响

利用有限元分析和实验测试，研究了TC4钛合金平板激光焊接线能量对变形和残余应力的影响规律，并通过焊缝金相实验分析了线能量与焊接残余应力和变形的内在关系。结果表明：钛合金激光焊接产生的纵向残余拉伸应力约700MPa～850MPa，而横向残余拉伸应力只有50MPa～80MPa。激光焊接线能量增加时，纵向残余应力拉伸区域变宽，峰值应力降低，而横向残余应力随线能量的增加而升高。在临界焊透规范以上焊接时，角变形随线能量的增大而减小，但横向收缩变形增大。试件被完全穿透焊接时，线能量对角变形的影响作用降低。