梯度过渡层对硬质合金沉积类金刚石膜的耐磨性影响

目的分析不同类型的梯度过渡层对硬质合金沉积类金刚石涂层耐磨性能的影响,制备出能有效改善硬质合金减摩抗磨性能的类金刚石涂层。方法采用真空阴极电弧离子镀和等离子体增强化学沉积技术,在硬质合金基底上制备了Ti/TiC/DLC、Ti/TiN/DLC、Ti/TiN/TiNC/DLC和Ti/TiN/TiNC/TiC/DLC四种类型的Ti多元梯度过渡类金刚石涂层。通过GNEHM-150型洛氏硬度计和电子显微镜、MFT-4000多功能材料表面性能试验仪、纳米硬度测试仪,分别评价不同类型多元梯度过渡层对硬质合金类金刚石涂层的膜基结合强度、摩擦磨损性能及纳米硬度。结果 Ti/TiC/DLC、Ti/TiN/DLC、Ti/TiN/TiNC/DLC和Ti/TiN/TiNC/TiC/DLC四种类型涂层的膜基结合强度等级分别为HF3-HF4、HF5-HF6、HF1-HF2、HF1,对两种膜基结合强度较好的涂层(Ti/TiN/TiNC/DLC、Ti/TiN/TiNC/TiC/DLC)进行摩擦磨损检测,其摩擦系数分别为0.2、0.1,且经过60 min对摩,Ti/TiN/TiNC/TiC/DLC涂层仍未出现明显剥落。结论梯度过渡层的类型对薄膜的膜基结合强度、摩擦性能有较明显的影响,Ti/TiN/TiNC/TiC/DLC结构的涂层膜基结合强度最好,具有最低的摩擦系数,表现出了优异的减摩抗磨性能,可有效改善硬质合金表面的耐磨性能。     

金刚石表面镀覆碳化硅的研究

采用硅粉与金刚石颗粒混合粉体为原料,通过高温热处理在金刚石表面镀覆SiC晶体,用XRD、SEM和EDS分析产物的物相组成与显微形貌,同时研究金刚石镀钛对金刚石表面涂覆SiC状态的影响。研究结果表明:采用硅粉和金刚石混合粉体为原料,高温1400℃处理后,在金刚石表面上形成了SiC,但并没有形成连续的涂层,同时金刚石发生一定程度的石墨化。选用镀钛金刚石后,在较低温度(1200℃),金刚石表面上会形成TiC和Ti3SiC2;当温度升高到1300℃时,金刚石表面形成TiC、Ti3SiC2和SiC;温度升高到1400℃时,金刚石表面镀覆了较厚的SiC和Ti3SiC2涂层。     

热处理对金刚石颗粒表面钛包覆层组织与性能的影响

采用真空蒸发镀方法对金刚石颗粒表面进行镀钛处理,将镀钛金刚石分别在不同温度下进行真空热处理,用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射对金刚石颗粒的表面形貌、成分及其物相等进行分析,并采用金刚石单颗粒静压强度测定仪对其进行强度测试。结果表明:金刚石在880℃时开始碳化;钛包覆层只和碳化的金刚石发生界面反应,在880℃热处理温度下TiC先以点状形式析出,随着时间的延长,逐渐长大成雪花状,热处理温度为920℃时,镀层逐渐被氧化成TiO;TiC包覆层能够提高金刚石颗粒的热稳定性和静压强度,相对普通金刚石而言静压强度提高了14%。     

微波诱发热爆法制备钛铝碳结合剂金刚石复合材料

采用Ti、Al、石墨和金刚石粉体为原料,通过微波诱发热爆法制备钛铝碳结合剂/金刚石复合材料,研究金刚石质量分数和颗粒平均尺寸对复合材料物相组成、显微形貌及磨耗比的影响.结果表明:在N2气氛下,原料粉末发生热爆反应,可生成Ti2AlC、Ti3AlC2、TiC、TiN、AlN和Al3Ti相.当采用较低的金刚石质量分数或较大...     

陶瓷膜对牙轮钻头滑动轴承摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用化学气相沉积（CVD）和物理气相沉积（PVD）工艺,分别选用高铝钛及TiC+ Ti(C, N) +TiN复合的金属陶瓷在滑动轴承表面制备金属陶瓷膜层。采用金相显微镜（OM）、体视显微镜和显微硬度计对不同金属陶瓷膜的表面形貌、组织结构及厚度进行测量和观察,并在MMW-1型万能摩擦磨损试验机对涂层材料进行摩擦磨损试验,通过测量磨损量与摩擦因数随时间的变化规律,观察摩擦副表面磨损形貌,分析了不同陶瓷膜层的耐磨性和摩擦磨损机理。结果表明,涂镀复合陶瓷膜（TiC/Ti(C, N)/TiN）的销试件硬度高、磨损极其轻微、表面质地均匀且光滑,复合陶瓷膜（淬火）更适用于牙轮钻头滑动轴承表面涂层材料。     

金刚石表面镀钛及界面微结构的研究

本文研究了应用真空微蒸发镀方法实现了金刚石表面镀钛.X-射线衍射分析表明:镀钛层物相为TiC和Ti,反应形成的界面结构层次为:金刚石-TiC-Ti.TiC层一般厚度在几百到上千埃,镀Ti层总厚度大约150 nm-200 nm.根据金刚石、TiC和Ti的晶体结构特点,应用结构对应原则,创建了金刚石/TiC/Ti共格界面模型.金刚石和TiC之间的共格界面为:(111)金刚石∥(111)TiC,C原子的周期性对应关系为:6 ×0.252 nm≈5×0.304 nm,C原子错配率为0.526%;金刚石和TiC界面间的C原子形成垂直的键、偏斜的键和桥式三中心键.六方结构α-Ti的和面心立方的TiC之间的共格界面为:(1000)α-Ti∥(111)TiC,形成垂直键,Ti原子错配率为0.66%.     

不同热处理TiN/Ti多层涂层冲蚀损伤特征与机理

目的 通过研究分析不同热处理TiN/Ti多层涂层在冲蚀作用下的损伤特征,揭示不同热处理TiN/Ti多层涂层冲蚀损伤的机理。方法 采用磁过滤阴极真空弧沉积技术在TC4钛合金表面制备TiN/Ti多层涂层,利用热处理炉对试样进行不同的热处理(300℃/40 min,空冷;400℃/40 min,空冷;300℃/40 min,空冷+300℃/40 min,空冷),采用划痕仪、显微硬度计、扫描电镜、能谱仪等设备对热处理试样涂层的结合力、显微硬度、涂层损伤形貌特征、元素分布等进行表征,并在冲蚀试验平台上通过砂尘冲蚀性能试验(速度130m/s,角度45°)进行验证。结果 TiN/Ti多层涂层在低温(≤400℃)下经短时间热处理后,涂层的物相未发生变化,仍以TiN(111)、TiN(200)、TiN(220)和TiN(311)为主,涂层结构完整,最外层的TiN涂层没有发生氧化现象,涂层结合力基本未发生改变,显微硬度略有下降,由2 764.1HV分别降至2748.9HV、2 493.2HV、2 255.2HV。TiN/Ti多层涂层的抗冲蚀性能变化不大,冲蚀速率由0.117 mg/min分别变为0.100...     

自蔓延高温烧结制备钛锡碳结合剂金刚石复合材料

采用自蔓延高温烧结(SHS)技术,以Ti/Sn/石墨/Diamond粉体为原料,制备了Ti2SnC结合剂金刚石复合材料。研究了金刚石粒径和质量分数对试样的物相组成与金刚石表面显微形貌的影响。研究结果表明:2Ti/Sn/C试样反应后生成Ti2SnC,同时生成TiC,剩余一定量Sn。添加不同粒度(M10/20、120/140、80/100和30/40)的金刚石后,Ti2SnC含量有所下降。金刚石表面会形成TiC与Sn构成的涂层。随着金刚石质量分数(120/140)的增加,样品中Ti2SnC的形成相应地受到抑制,同时金刚石与基体结合也变差,当金刚石质量分数为40%时,金刚石表面无法形成良好的涂覆。     

激光反应合成TiCp/Ti复合材料涂层机理分析

利用大功率脉冲Nd：YAG激光器,在Ti6A14V合金表面制备TiC增强金属基复合材料改性层：分别采用10％质量百分比的W2C,Cr3C2与纯钛粉末混合,通过激光熔化处理工艺,在Ti6A14V表面制备原位合成TiC／Ti金属基复合材料改性层。结果表明,在适宜的激光辐照工艺条件下,随预置合金粉末种类的不同,复合材料基体组织结构分别由单相α-Ti及β-Ti组成,弥散细小的TiC颗粒增强相均匀分布于Ti基复合材料涂层中,熔覆层内增强相与复合材料基体界面洁净,无任何界面反应相生成。     

Ag-Cu-Ti钎焊金刚石/铜复合材料的组织和性能

采用97(72Ag-28Cu)-3Ti活性钎料钎焊了Diamond/Cu复合材料和Al2O3陶瓷,研究了主要钎焊条件如钎焊温度和保温时间对接头强度的影响.结果表明,钎焊过程中Ti元素易聚集在金刚石颗粒周围并形成TiC化合物层.TiC化合物的形貌与Diamond/Cu钎焊接头剪切强度有密切关系,金刚石表面生长适当厚度的TiC化合物层能增强钎焊接头的剪切强度,但如果TiC为颗粒状或TiC化合物层生长过厚,将削弱钎焊接头的剪切强度.钎焊接头的最大剪切强度可达117 MPa.     

COMPARISON OF SURFACE PROPERTIES OF Ti-6Al-4V COATED WITH TITANIUM NITRIDE, TiN+TiC+Ti(C,N)/DLC, TiN/DLC AND TiC/DLC FILMS BY PLASMA-BASED ION IMPLANTATION

1. IlltroductionThe high yield strength and toughness, moderate modules, low density, good corrosionresistance and exceptional biocompatibility of Ti-6Al--4V alloy have made it increasinglypopular in industrial and medical application. But the alloy does not have enough wearresistance, and so is restricted in surface, particularly tribological applications to a certain e.tent[1--2]. It has been demonstrated that plasma-based ion implalltation (PBll), anew cost-effective technique for improvi…     

Microstructure and thermal expansion of Ti coated diamond/A1 composites

A titanium coating fabricated via vacuum vapor deposition for diamond/Al composites was used to improve the interfacial bonding strength between diamond particles and Al matrix, and the Ti coated diamond particles reinforced Al matrix composites were prepared by gas pressure infiltration for electronic packaging. The surface structure of the Ti coated diamond particles was investigated by XRD and SEM. The interfacial characteristics and fracture surfaces were observed by SEM and EDS. The coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE) of 50% (volume fraction) Ti coated diamond particles reinforced Al matrix composites was measured. The Ti coating on diamond before infiltration consists of inner TiC layer and outer TiO₂ layer, and the inner TiC layer is very stable and cannot be removed during infiltration process. Fractographs of the composites illustrate that aluminum matrix fracture is the dominant fracture mechanism, and the stepped breakage of a diamond particle indicates strong interfacial bonding between the Ti coated diamond particles and the Al matrix. The measured low CTEs (5.07×10⁻⁶−9.27×10⁻⁶K⁻¹) of the composites also show the strong interfacial bonding between the Ti coated diamond particles and the Al matrix.     

Wear resistance and thermal stability enhancement of PDC sintered with Ti-coated diamond and cBN

Ti-coated diamond with different particle sizes and proper amounts of cubic boron nitride (cBN) was used to fabricate polycrystalline diamond composite (PDC) with improved wear resistance and thermal stability under high temperature and high pressure (5.5–6.5GPa, 1500–1650 °C). The ratio of Ti-coated diamond powder, cBN powder and normal diamond powder was W_30–50: W_4–8: W_0–1 = 70: 15: 15. Cobalt (Co) was used as a binder, and cemented tungsten carbide was used as a substrate to sinter a new high-performance PDC. Ti and TiC on the surface of Ti-coated diamond reacted with cBN under high temperature and high pressure to generate new ceramic phases such as TiB₂, TiN and TiN_0.3, which have high hardness and good wear resistance. Compared with the conventional PDC, the impact toughness and wear resistance of PDC with Ti-coated diamond and cBN addition were enhanced by 19% and 28%, respectively. The ceramic phase acts as a protective barrier, which enhances the initial graphitization and oxidizing temperature to 942–950 °C, which were 162–170 °C higher than the conventional PDC. The new ceramic barrier wrapped around the surface of the diamond and Co after the formation of the D-D (diamond-diamond) bonding will give priority to the oxidation reaction of Co and diamond with oxygen, which prohibits cobalt-catalytic graphitization of diamond, meeting the needs of PDC thermal stability and wear resistance in the field of drilling.     

A sol-gel route to nanocrystalline TiN coated cubic boron nitride particles

For the purpose of increasing microstructural homogeneity and enhancing the reinforcement-matrix interfacial area, cubic Boron Nitride, cBN particles were coated by nanocrystalline TiN by a sol-gel route that required neither the need for pH adjustment nor the use of surfactants or additives. Uniform shells of amorphous titania having thicknesses in the nanometers scale were formed on the surface of the cBN particles by hydrolysis and condensation reactions of titanium (IV) isopropoxide. The amorphous coated cBN powder was nitrided to crystalline TiN coated cBN by treating in NH₃ gas at 900 °C. After nitridation the amorphous layer was completely converted to nanocrystalline TiN particles that uniformly covered the surface of cBN. Changes in the TiO_x coated layer thickness and the size of the TiN particles were investigated as a function of alkoxide content. TiO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized using the same reaction conditions, but without the presence of cBN. These nanoparticles were calcined in air at different temperatures (250-700 °C) and then nitrided at 900 °C. The nitridation behavior of TiO₂ nanoparticles was studied as a function of calcination temperature.     

Microstructural characterization of diamond/CBN grains steel braze joint interface using Cu–Sn–Ti active filler alloy

In order to develop the new generation superhard abrasive tools of diamond and cubic boron nitride (CBN), the brazing joint experiments of diamond/CBN crystals and AISI 1045 steel matrix using Cu–Sn–Ti active filler powder alloy were investigated in vacuum furnace. The brazing temperature was 930 °C and the dwelling time was 20 min. Interfacial characteristics of the brazing joint among the diamond/CBN grains, the active filler layer and the steel substrate were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The results indicated that Ti element in the Cu–Sn–Ti alloys diffused preferentially to the surface of diamond/CBN grits to form a Ti-rich reaction layer in the brazed joints by microanalyses. Moreover, the TiC, TiN and TiB₂ phases in diamond/CBN interface and Cu–Ti phase in steel interface were confirmed by X-ray diffraction phase analysis. The wetting and bonding reactions on diamond/CBN by melting Cu–Sn–Ti alloy were realized through the interfacial reaction products like TiC, TiN and TiB₂ compounds during the brazing process. The adhesive strength experiments of the joint interfaces revealed that the grains were not pulled out from the bond interface. The reliable bonding strength of brazed diamond/CBN grains to the steel substrate can meet the application requirements of high efficiency machining in the industrial field.     

Development of ultra-fine-grain binderless cBN tool for precision cutting of ferrous materials

A new cutting tool was developed from ultra-fine-grain (<100 nm), binderless cubic boron nitride (cBN) material fabricated by transforming hexagonal boron nitride to cBN by means of sintering under an ultra-high pressure of 10 GPa at 1800 °C. The cutting edges of the newly developed cBN tool can be made as sharp as those of single-crystal diamond tools. In this experiment, cBN and single-crystal diamond tools of the same shape were compared by precision cutting tests using stainless steel specimens and steel specimens coated with an electroless Ni-P layer. The surface roughness (R_z) of specimen surfaces cut with the cBN tool by means of planing was approximately 100 nm for both the Ni-P-coated steel and stainless steel specimens. Though similar R_z values were obtained for Ni-P layers cut by the cBN and diamond tools, an R_z value exceeding 2000 nm was obtained for stainless steel cut by the diamond tool. High-precision surfaces with R_z values of 50–100 nm were obtained for stainless steel specimens cut with the cBN tool under high-speed milling (942 m/min) conditions. These results indicate that the newly developed cBN tool is useful for the ultra-precision or precision cutting of ferrous materials.     

Reaction layer characterization of the braze joint of silicon nitride to stainless steel

This investigation studies the role of titanium in the development of the reaction layer in braze joining silicon nitride to stainless steel using titanium-active copper-silver filler metals. This reaction layer formed as a result of titanium diffusing to the filler metal/silicon nitride interface and reacting with the silicon nitride to form the intermetallics, titanium nitride (TiN) and titanium suicide (Ti ₅Si₃). This reaction layer, as recognized in the literature, allows wetting of the ceramic substrate by the molten filler metal. The reaction layer thickness increases with temperature and time. Its growth rate obeys the parabolic relationship. Activation energies of 220.1 and 210.9 kj/mol were calculated for growth of the reaction layer for the two filler metals used. These values are close to the activation energy of nitrogen in TiN (217.6 kj/mol). Two filler metals were used in this study, Ticusil (68.8 wt% Ag, 26.7 wt% Cu, 4.5 wt% Ti) and CB4 (70.5 wt% Ag, 26.5 wt% Cu, 3.0 wt% Ti). The joints were processed in vacuum at temperatures of 840 to 900 °C at various times. Bonding strength is affected by reaction layer thickness in the absence of Ti-Cu intermetallics in the filler metal matrix.     

Plasma Spray Deposition Enhancement of Titanium Nitride Layer Using Nitrogen-Contained Plasma Irradiation of Titanium Substrate as a Pre-spraying Method

Reactive plasma spray of TiN ceramic coating attracts much attention over the years because of its ability to deposit thick layers on various metal surfaces. However, some mechanical properties of the coating such as its hardness should be improved. In this study, initially a thin layer of titanium nitride was prepared on a titanium substrate during irradiation of titanium substrate by a thermal DC nitrogen-contained plasma jet. Then, during reactive plasma spraying, Ti particles were injected into plasma jet, converted to titanium nitride and huddled on to the substrate. This new hybrid method (primary plasma irradiation and post-reactive plasma spraying) for deposition of TiN coatings would combine the advantages of both plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and reactive plasma spraying methods in part. It resulted in a thick and hard layer of titanium nitride film. Sample produced by this method was analyzed with x-ray diffraction confirming titanium nitride production. Vickers hardness was measured using optical microscopy which was around 1319 H_v300g. To study the cross section of the layer, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used.     

Lightweight TiC/Ti wear-resistant coatings for lightweight structural applications

Lightweight coatings based on titanium and titanium carbides produced by plasma spraying can be used to improve and modify the tribomechanical properties of aerospace structural materials. Although plasma-sprayed WC/Co coatings have been applied with success in many cases, such as primary wear-re-sistant materials, their high densities preclude their use in applications that mandate reduction in weight. In the present investigation, the sliding wear resistance of plasma-sprayed, metal-bonded TiC coatings on AI 7075 substrates was studied. Coatings containing 50, 70, and 90 vol% TiC in a Ti matrix produced from physically blended powders of Ti and TiC were compared. Metallographie evaluations showed that dense coatings with good bonding to AI 7075 substrates can be obtained. Coatings from commercial pu-rity (CP) Ti powders sprayed in air under atmospheric conditions, however, indicated considerable oxi-dation of the particles. Under dry sliding conditions, the coefficient of friction (COF) values of the Ti/TiC containing/Al 7075 substrate system were lower than high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) sprayed 75% Cr₃C₂/25%NiCr coatings on steel and were comparable to coatings of WC/Co. Vacuum plasma-sprayed TiC/Ti coatings with 90 vol% TiC also exhibited better wear resistance than HVOF sprayed 75%Cr₃C₂/25%NiCr.     

电弧超声对SiC_p/AlMMCs焊缝组织与性能的影响

以Ti合金作为填加材料,以氮氩混合气作为离子气,对SiCp/6061Al基复合材料进行电弧超声等离子弧原位合金化焊接,研究了电弧超声对等离子弧焊接头组织和性能的影响.结果表明,在不加超声时,焊缝中新生AlN相呈细长条状,Al3Ti相粗大,TiC,TiN等新生增强颗粒分布不均匀;在加入超声后,焊缝组织细密,TiC,TiN,AlN等增强相呈细小颗粒状存在,数量增加,且分布均匀,Al3Ti相尺寸减小,数量减少,从而有效改善了焊接接头的组织和性能,使焊接接头抗拉强度最大值达到225MPa,比不加超声时提高了约7%.