好氧和厌氧条件下Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans菌对Fe3+氧化FeS2的影响

嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans:A.ferrooxidans菌)是目前研究得最多的浸矿细菌,其能量代谢途径复杂多样。在好氧和厌氧气氛下,分别对Fe3+浸出黄铁矿及A.ferrooxidans菌对Fe3+氧化浸出黄铁矿的影响进行了研究,并且利用A.ferrooxidans菌构建微生物燃料电池,研究在不同气氛下A.ferrooxidans菌对电子传递过程的影响。结果表明:在好氧和厌氧气氛下,加菌时的黄铁矿浸出率比无菌时的分别提高了40.03%和27.76%。在好氧和厌氧气氛下,A.ferrooxidans菌均可以提高电子传递速率,进而加快氧化还原反应的进行,说明A.ferrooxidans菌在厌氧环境下,能以Fe3+为电子受体、含还原性硫的黄铁矿为电子供体来进行呼吸作用,获得生命活动所需的能量。在实验结果和前人工作的基础上提出在厌氧情况下,A.ferrooxidans菌进行呼吸作用的一条可能的路线图。     

3种典型能量代谢菌浸出黄铜矿及其硫形态的转化

比较了3种典型嗜中温铁/硫代谢菌——Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans、Leptospirillum ferriphilum及Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans单独及混合浸出黄铜矿过程中细菌硫氧化、铁氧化情况。同时利用XRD、硫的K边X射线吸收近边结构光谱(XANES)等分析手段研究3种细菌单独/混合浸出黄铜矿过程中矿物组成成分和矿物表面硫的形态变化。结果表明:在浸出初期电位低于400 mV(vs SCE)时,黄铜矿的浸出速率较快,此后电位迅速升高至540 mV,黄铜矿浸出速率明显变慢。混合菌浸出时体系的硫/铁氧化活性较单一菌高,根据XANES拟合分析发现,混合菌浸出时矿物表面元素硫及黄钾铁矾积累量明显减少,浸出初期辉铜矿产量明显高于单一细菌浸出的。     

聚乙二醇对氧化亚铁硫杆菌浸出黄铜矿的影响

为提高黄铜矿生物浸出率,研究聚乙二醇(PEG)对Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain XZ11 Fe2+氧化活性和黄铜矿生物浸出过程的影响,并采用SEM和EDS对浸出后矿物表面形貌和相组成进行表征。结果表明:相对分子质量大于200的PEG对Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Fe2+氧化活性具有一定的促进作用,添加30 mg/L PEG 2000时,浸出20 d后,铜浸出量高达451.70 mg/L,较不添加FEG时提高了1.11倍;添加PEG时,黄铜矿表面的侵蚀面呈沟壑状,出现溶蚀坑,并生成Fe3+的羟基化多聚物Fe(Ⅲ)—O—OH。PEG的添加提高了浸出体系中细菌浓度和Fe3+浓度,加速了黄铜矿的溶解。     

元素硫对黄铜矿生物浸出行为及群落结构的影响(英文)

研究3种典型铁/硫代谢菌—Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,Leptospirillum ferriphilum及Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans混合浸出黄铜矿过程中铁/硫氧化活性、群落结构(PCR-RFLP)的变化,以及不同浓度的元素硫对其影响。结果发现,加入3.193g/L元素硫能促进细菌的表观硫氧化活性,改变浸矿体系的群落结构,并进一步影响钝化层的形成、金属离子的溶出,其浸出率(71%)较未添加硫的(67%)有一定程度的提高。而过量的元素硫会抑制铜的浸出(浸出率44%)。     

废弃线路板分选尾渣微生物浸出过程中的参数优化

采用微生物浸出技术,选用4种中度嗜热浸矿菌:嗜铁钩端螺旋菌(Leptospirillum ferriphilum),嗜酸喜温硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus caldus),嗜热硫氧化硫化杆菌(Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans)和嗜热嗜酸铁质菌(Ferroplasma thermophilum),作为混合菌回收废弃线路板分选尾渣中的金属铜。通过摇瓶浸出实验,研究混合菌在不同浓度分选尾渣中的浸出过程,并探究初始p H、初始Fe~(2+)质量浓度、培养温度及粉末粒径对铜浸出的影响;并将优化条件应用至3L搅拌槽中,实现浸出体系的扩大。结果表明:摇瓶驯化过程中,混合菌种在分选尾渣中的生长情况较好,且能实现金属铜的有效浸出;在优化参数为初始p H 1.5、ρ(Fe~(2+))1 g/L、45℃条件下的放大实验中,浸出至第7 d时,铜浸出率最高达到93.09%。     

多金属结核与低品位硫化镍矿共提取中Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans增速作用

为利用多金属结核与低品位硫化镍矿,提出嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,At. f菌)共浸出镍、钴、铜、锰工艺,考察有无Fe(Ⅲ)和At. f菌体系中S/Mn矿石质量比、矿浆浓度、搅拌速度、温度、接菌量和pH值对主金属元素浸出的影响,通过循环伏安、电化学极化、计时电流、XRD和SEM等分析手段揭示多金属共浸出过程中At. f菌的增速作用机理。结果表明:At. f菌可提高主金属元素浸出速度和回收率;At. f菌存在时,多金属结核阴极-低品位镍矿阳极电极间电位差增大,Fe~(3+)/Fe~(2+)和S~0/S~(2-)氧化还原加快,从而加速腐蚀反应。At. f菌促进多金属结核溶解过程电子转移和物质交换,引起低品位硫化镍矿氧化还原电位负移并释放吸附矿石表面S~0电子。有菌浸取时的镍、锰、铜和钴浸出率分别达95.34%、97.34%、92.24%和97.75%,比无菌浸取时的分别提高8.78%、4.78%、10.34%和5.46%。     

绢云母对黄铜矿微生物浸出的影响

采用以Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans为主的混合菌,研究绢云母对微生物浸出黄铜矿的影响。结果表明,铜的浸出率随着绢云母粒度的减小而增加,随着绢云母质量分数的增加而呈先升高后降低的趋势。在添加粒度为-33μm、质量分数为5.0%的绢云母时,铜的最高浸出率为54.88%,比不添加绢云母时的铜浸出率提高了约12%,表明绢云母能促进黄铜矿的微生物浸出。绢云母的加入可使浸出体系pH值降低,最终pH值低于1.22。在浸出过程中,新生成的物质主要是铵黄铁矾,它覆盖于黄铜矿的表面,对微生物浸出铜有一定的阻碍作用。     

细菌浸出高硫铝土矿中杂质硫的研究

本研究从某高硫煤矿以及硫磺矿山处筛选得到5株具有氧化亚铁离子能力的富集菌株。编号为ZL-S1的氧化亚铁嗜酸硫杆菌Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans浸出高硫铝土矿中杂质硫的能力最强。该菌株对高硫铝土矿摇瓶浸矿脱硫后,矿石中的硫含从3.83%降低到0.53%~0.69%,脱硫率达到85%以上,Al2O3回收率达到97%以上。脱硫过程在常温常压下进行,脱硫后铝土矿物化性质无任何变化。     

嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌中金属转运基因的克隆与差异表达

嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌（Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,At.ferrooxidans）广泛应用于铜、锌、锰和镉等金属离子的生物浸出,浸出液中含有大量的金属离子。研究At.ferrooxidans DC菌株在金属离子胁迫下金属转运基因的相对表达,测定At.ferrooxidans DC对Mn2+、Zn2+和Cd2+的最大耐受浓度。应用RT-qPCR技术分析At.ferrooxidans DC中4个金属转运基因（afe₀671、afe₀674、afe₁143和afe₁144）在Mn2+、Zn2+和Cd2+胁迫下的差异表达。利用BLAST等生物学软件对各基因及其编码的蛋白进行生物信息学分析。结果表明:At.ferrooxidans DC菌株对Mn2+、Zn2+和Cd2+的最大耐受浓度分别是0.38、0.18和0.08 mol/L;在Mn2+、Zn2+和Cd2+胁迫下,目标基因的表达均上调,且随着金属离子浓度的增加,上调倍数升高;生物信息学分析表明目标基因编码为与金属转运相关的膜蛋白;在At.ferrooxidans DC中,目标基因编码的蛋白与Mn2+、Zn2+和Cd2+的转运密切相关。     

Effects of Acidiphilium cryptum on biosolubilization of rock phosphate in the presence of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

The bioleaching of pyrite and biosolubilization of rock phosphate (RP) in 9K basal salts medium were compared by the following strains of an autotrophic acidophilic bacterium, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, a heterotrophic acidophilic bacterium, Acidiphilium cryptum, and mixed culture of At. ferrooxidans and A. cryptum. The results show that A. cryptum is effective in enhancing the bioleaching of pyrite and biosolubilization of RP in the presence of At. ferrooxidans, although it could not oxidize pyrite and solubilize RP by itself. This effect is demonstrated experimentally that A. cryptum enhances a decrease in pH and an increase in redox potential, concentration of total soluble iron and planktonic part bacterial number in the broth during pyrite bioleaching processes by At. ferrooxidans. The mixed culture of At. ferrooxidans and A. cryptum leads to the most extensive soluble phosphate released at 30 °C. Pulp density exceeding 3% is shown to adversely influence the release of soluble phosphate by the consortium of At. ferrooxidans and A. cryptum. It is essential to add pyrite to the 9K basal salts medium for the biosolubilization of RP by the mixed culture of At. ferrooxidans and A. cryptum, and the percentage of soluble phosphate released is the greatest when the mass ratio of RP to pyrite is 1:2 or 1:3.     

Bioleaching of chalcopyrite by UV-induced mutagenized Acidiphilium cryptum and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

The original strains Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans GF and Acidiphilium cryptum DX1-1 were isolated from the drainage of some caves riched in chalcopyrite in Dexing Mine in Jiangxi Province of China.The optimum temperature and pH for growth were 30℃and 3.5 for Ac.cryptum DX1-1,and 30℃and 2.0 for At.ferrooxidans GF,respectively.For Ac.cryptum DX1-1,the optimum UV radiating time was 60 s and the positive mutation rate was 22.5%.The growth curves show that Ac.cryptum after mutagenesis reached stationary phase ...     

一种用于嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌液氮保藏的新型保护剂的保藏效果(英文)

对一种用于嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌液氮冷藏新型保护剂GP的保藏效果进行研究。依据最大细胞复苏率及最高亚铁氧化活性确定该新型保护剂的最佳使用浓度。结果表明,保护剂的最佳浓度为30%,在此浓度下细胞复苏率达到84.4%,且能在120h内完全氧化培养基中的亚铁,培养6d后菌体浓度达到5.8×107cell/mL。此外,解冻细胞在9K培养基中培养6d后,对活细胞复苏的最佳GP残留浓度为0.6%(体积分数)。在此浓度下,菌株DC完全氧化亚铁需要108h,并且最终菌体浓度为6.8×107cell/mL.因此,GP是一种简单、有效的嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌液氮保藏的冷冻保护剂。     

嗜酸兼性异养菌Acidiphilium sp.DX1-1的分离、特征及其浸矿行为(英文)

研究了一株源自江西德兴铜矿矿区的中温嗜酸兼性异养菌Acidiphilium sp.DX1-1的分离、鉴定、特征及其浸矿行为。菌株Acidiphilium sp.DX1-1为短杆状革兰氏阴性菌,最适合的生长温度为30℃,最适合的生长pH约为3.5。该菌株具有广泛的底物利用特性,可以利用有机物进行异养生长并在细胞内积累聚羟基丁酸酯,也可以利用单质硫、三价铁等无机物进行自养生长。系统发育分析表明DX1-1属于Acidiphilium属,与Acidiphilium cryptum and Acidiphilium multivorum的同源性大于99%。在铁闪锌矿生物浸出过程中,Acidiphilium sp.DX1-1表现出极强的浸矿能力,其作用不仅仅是之前报道的作为其他自养嗜酸浸矿细菌的辅助者。在初始pH3.5时,DX1-1能够在一个月内单独地浸出铁闪锌矿中40%的锌。该浸出率高于它与A.ferrooxidans混合以及A.ferrooxidans单独浸出铁闪锌矿(初始pH均为2.0)的浸出率。     

可见光和Cd2+对黄铜矿生物浸出的催化作用(英文)

利用扫描电镜(SEM)、同步辐射X射线衍射(SR-XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)研究在酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌存在下,可见光和镉离子(Cd²⁺)对黄铜矿生物浸出的影响。生物浸出28天后的结果表明,光照下铜的溶解提高4.96%;Cd²⁺单独存在对黄铜矿的浸出有轻微的抑制作用;可见光和50mg/LCd²⁺同时存在时,溶解铜的浓度提高14.70%。化学浸出结果表明,可见光能促进体系中铁元素的循环。SEM结果显示,Cd²⁺在可见光下促进酸性氧化亚铁杆菌在黄铜矿表面的附着。综合SR-XRD和XPS结果可知,可见光和Cd²⁺促进黄铜矿的浸出,但不会抑制钝化物的形成。提出可见光和Cd²⁺对黄铜矿生物浸出协同催化作用机制的模型。     

A new strain Acidithiobacillus albertensis BY-05 for bioleaching of metal sulfides ores

An acidophilic,rod-shaped Gram-negative sulfur oxidizing strain BY-05 was isolated from an acid mine drainage of copper ore in Baiyin area,Gansu Province,China.Ultrastructural studies show that the isolate has a tuft of polar flagella and possesses sulfur granules with clear membrane adhering to the cell innermembrane.Physiological study shows that this isolate grows autotrophically and aerobically by oxidizing S0and reduced inorganic sulfur compounds(SO, 2 23-SO, 2 24- S2 -and ZnS)with the optimum growth at pH 3.5-4.0 and at the temperature range of 25-30℃.The 16S rRNA gene sequence(DQ 423683)of strain BY-05 has 100%sequence similarity to that of Acidithiobacillus albertensis(DSM 14366).So it is identified and named as A. albertensis BY-05.Bioleaching experiments with this new strain show that it can play an important role in recovery of metals from chalcopyrite and sphalerite.     

嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌（ATCC 23270）浸出黄铜矿过程中的EPS、Cu2+和Fe3+的相互作用机制（英文）

采用超声-离心方法提取嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌(ATCC 23270)胞外多聚物(EPS)、EPS中的Cu2+、Fe3+离子,研究生物浸出黄铜矿过程中Cu2+、Fe3+和EPS的相互作用机制。结果表明:与Fe3+离子相比,Cu2+离子可刺激细菌产生更多的EPS;当Cu2+离子浓度从0.01mol/L增加到0.04mol/L时,EPS中Fe3+/Cu2+质量比从4:1降低到2:1;从1%黄铜矿的无铁9K介质中提取的EPS中铜铁含量是从含0.04mol/LCu2+离子的9K介质中提取的量的2倍。在生物浸出黄铜矿过程中,黄铜矿表面结合黄铁钾钒的EPS层减弱了Cu2+、Fe3+离子的迁移,逐渐成为离子扩散壁垒。     

Interfacial electrokinetic characteristics before and after bioleaching microorganism adhesion to pyrite

Zeta potentials of pyrite and Acidithiobacillusferrooxidans cultured by sulfur in different levels of ionic strength and pH values were measured by Coulter Delsa 440SX zeta potential determinator. Meanwhile, the effects of bacterial adhesion and bacterial concentration on zeta potential of pyrite after adsorption were investigated. The results show that with the increase of ionic strength, zeta potentials of pyrite decrease in the range ofpH 2.5-10.5 and the isoelectric point（IEP） of mineral shifts to the left. It is also found that the specific adsorption on pyrite of chloride ion can affect zeta potentials of pyrite sharply. As bacterial adsorption occurs, IEP of pyrite shifts towards that of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans; as bacterial concentration is inerescent, this tendency is even larger and more obvious. Finally, a reasonable explanation for above-mentioned experimental phenomena was given by electrical double layer model and surface ionization model.     

Corrosion of carbon steel C1010 in the presence of iron oxidizing bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

In this study, corrosion behaviors of carbon steel C1010 in the presence of an acidophilic, iron-oxidizing bacterial species Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans were examined. Results showed that A. ferrooxidans cells, with or without attaching to C1010 steel, accelerated its corrosion at a rate of 3–6× those of acidic water, at a pH of 2, without cells. A. ferrooxidans oxidized Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺ as an energy source and the produced Fe³⁺ rapidly oxidized Fe⁰ to Fe²⁺ was proposed and verified as the reason. In addition, severe pitting corrosion was found on the C1010 steel surface in solutions containing A. ferrooxidans cells.     

Bioleaching of anilite by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

In order to characterize the efficiency of copper bioleaching from anilite using pure cultures of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in the absence and presence of ferrous sulphate, the experiments were carried out in shake flasks with or without 4 g/L ferrous sulphate (FeSO₄·7H₂O) at pH 2.0, 150 r/min and 35°C. The tests show that Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is unable to attack anilite in iron-free 9K medium. Anilite is rapidly oxidized by bacterial leaching when ferrous sulphate is added. Chemical oxidation of anilite is slow compared with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans initiated solubilization in the presence of iron. The EDAX analysis of the surfaces of anilite confirms that sulfur coating layer is present as a reaction product on the surface of the bacterially leached mineral.