乳清分离蛋白与壳聚糖美拉德反应初级阶段产物乳化性研究

采用干热美拉德反应制备乳清分离蛋白(WPI)-壳聚糖复合物,通过对复合物的乳液粒径及稳定性分析,研究反应温度、WPI与壳聚糖质量比及反应时间对复合物乳化性的影响。荧光光谱分析表明：WPI和壳聚糖在干热反应后发生共价交联并且结构发生了变化。WPI与壳聚糖在50℃、相对湿度79%干热条件下,反应1～4d的产物为Maillard反应初级阶段产物,该产物的乳化性质得到改善。其中,WPI与壳聚糖以质量比1:4混合,50℃反应1d的产物乳化稳定性是反应前的10倍。     

湿热条件下低聚木糖-乳清分离蛋白的美拉德反应及产物乳化性与流变性研究

本文研究了湿热条件下不同混合质量比(1:1、1:2、1:3、1:4,W/W)对低聚木糖与乳清分离蛋白(WPI)美拉德反应及其产物的乳化性与流变性的影响。UV-Vis吸光度值,pH和粒径大小显著变化表明,该条件下成功制备了WPI和低聚木糖的美拉德反应产物 (MRPs)。数据显示,质量比为1:2的溶液体系美拉德反应程度最高;与未经过美拉德反应的体系相比,MRPs的平均粒径均减小而质量比为1:2的体系平均粒径最大;同时,美拉德反应提高了WPI的乳化活性和乳化稳定性,比例为1:2时MRPs具有最佳的乳化活性(38.63 m2/g)和乳化稳定性(65.23%);流变学测试表明糖基化修饰增强了WPI的凝胶性,比例为1:3时MRPs的储存模量提高最大,G''值高达约97,000 Pa (约WPI的7倍);在相同剪切速率下,MRPs溶液的表观粘度增加,而WPI的添加比例对体系粘度的影响占主导作用。上述研究表明,美拉德反应可改善WPI的乳化特性和凝胶特性。     

米糠多糖-乳清分离蛋白美拉德反应及其产物表征

目的：通过米糠多糖(rice bran polysaccharide,RBP)与乳清分离蛋白(whey protein isolate,WPI)非酶褐变反应,探究反应时间对美拉德反应的影响,开发一种新型乳化剂制备纳米乳液包埋脂溶性物质。方法：RBP与WPI在干热条件下反应不同的时间,以A_{294 nm}、褐变程度、色泽变化、游离氨基含量等的变化监控美拉德反应进程,对美拉德反应产物的分子质量、粒径、乳化活性、乳化稳定性、微观结构进行表征,并用美拉德反应产物制备大豆油纳米乳液。结果：A_{294 nm}、褐变程度、色泽变化及游离氨基含量的变化,表明混合体系发生了美拉德反应,且随反应时间的延长产物颜色变暗;美拉德反应产物分子质量为17 kDa;反应12 h时的产物粒径分布较为均匀;RBP接枝到WPI分子上显著提高了WPI的乳化活性和乳化稳定性(P<0.05);WPI-RBP(12 h)@纳米乳液比WPI@纳米乳液更稳定、粒径均匀,能抵抗酸性条件下和盐离子存在条件下对乳液的不利影响。结论：WPI与RBP间的美拉德反应有效改善了WPI的特性,可作为一种新型...     

乳清蛋白-多糖的制备及功能特性的研究

通过美拉德反应将壳寡糖引入乳清蛋白,形成乳清蛋白-壳寡糖共价复合物,对其溶解性、乳化性、乳化稳定性及热稳定性进行研究。结果表明,乳清蛋白-壳寡糖共价复合物可以较好的改善乳清蛋白的热稳定性,对乳清蛋白在等电点附近的溶解性,乳化性,乳化稳定性有一定的调节作用。采用三因素二次通用旋转组合设计对乳清蛋白-壳寡糖的制备条件(糖比例,温度,时间)进行优化,建立了以乳化性及乳化稳定性为响应值的回归方程。以乳化性为响应值,优化结果为:糖比例28%,温度45℃,时间17 h,此时乳清蛋白-壳寡糖乳化性为0.55,以乳化稳定性为响应值,优化结果为:糖比例34%,温度45℃,时间17 h,此时乳化稳定性为1.25 min。     

乳清分离蛋白-葡聚糖接枝物Pickering乳液的稳定性研究

为提高蛋白基Pickering乳液稳定性,采用美拉德反应制备乳清分离蛋白(WPI)-葡聚糖(Dex)接枝物,然后利用该接枝物制得蛋白基固体颗粒,再与中链甘油三酯制备Pickering乳液,考察WPI-Dex接枝物对蛋白基固体颗粒乳化活性、乳化稳定性和蛋白基Pickering乳液乳析指数的影响,以及Pickering乳液在不同pH、加热温度、贮藏时间下粒径的变化。结果表明：扫描电镜观察到共价接枝Dex将WPI形貌结构由球状转变为片状,十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳证实干法美拉德反应成功制备了WPI-Dex接枝物;与WPI相比,WPI-Dex接枝物的乳化活性和乳化稳定性分别增加了57.8%和138.5%;WPI和WPI-Dex接枝物Pickering乳液贮藏30 d时的乳析指数分别为52.3%和36.0%,WPI-Dex接枝物使Pickering乳液的乳析稳定性提高了31.2%;WPI-Dex接枝物Pickering乳液具有良好的pH稳定性、热稳定性和贮藏稳定性。综上,蛋白质糖基化接枝修饰是提高天然蛋白质Pickering乳液稳定性的有效方法。     

抗坏血酸对蛋白基美拉德反应产物的性质影响

为了研究抗坏血酸对乳清蛋白美拉德反应产物的影响,对反应产物的各项理化性质进行了对比。结果表明,抗坏血酸对乳清蛋白美拉德反应有明显影响:在有抗坏血酸参与的情况下,反应产物的乳化性、起泡性、溶解性等加工特性没有降低,热稳定性有明显提高、游离氨基酸得到提高。总之,抗坏血酸对蛋白质美拉德反应产物的加工特性有所改善。     

微波加热对乳清分离蛋白功能特性的影响及机制研究

本研究采用微波加热促进美拉德反应对乳清分离蛋白（Whey Protein Isolate,WPI）进行改性。以乳化性及抗氧化活性为主要指标,系统研究了微波功率、微波加热时间、pH以及乳糖与乳清粉质量比对乳清蛋白美拉德反应产物（Maillard Reaction Products,MRPs）功能特性的影响,对其工艺进行了优化,并对反应过程中二级结构的变化及氨基酸组成进行了分析。结果表明:优化后的微波加热条件为pH8.5、乳清蛋白-乳糖质量比5:5、微波加热时间7 min;在该条件下制备所得MRPs的乳化活力指数、乳化稳定指数和DPPH自由基清除率分别为0.35 m2/g、88.39 min和6.60%;红外分析结果显示乳糖与WPI发生了共价结合,微波加热促进了该反应的进程,导致氮羟基和羰基含量增多,产生了复杂的美拉德中间产物和醛酮类化合物;同时促使蛋白质二级结构由紧密向松散“溶胀”结构转化,在转变的过程中,大部分紧密有序结构首先转变成松散有序结构,进而转变成松散无序状态,并可能伴随小部分紧密结构经长时间加热后相互转变。氨基酸分析进一步证实,微波加热降低了体系氨基酸总量,可能是WPI自由氨基酸参与美拉德反应所致。     

美拉德反应法改性紫薯蛋白的研究

采用干法美拉德反应对紫薯蛋白进行改性,在蛋白质和乳糖质量比1∶1反应时间30 min、水浴温度60℃、pH为7的反应条件下,美拉德反应产物的热稳定性最好。采用此条件制取改性紫薯蛋白,其EAI比原蛋白质高12.6×10~(–5)m~2/g;改性蛋白泡沫体积比原蛋白增加1.17 mL。改性紫薯蛋白的乳化性、起泡性和稳定性都有一定的改善。     

不同聚合度菊粉对乳清蛋白基乳液结构和氧化稳定性的影响

该文探究了不同聚合度下不同浓度菊粉对乳清分离蛋白(whey isolate protein, WPI)乳化体系的结构稳定性和氧化稳定性机制。通过连续相Zeta电位、内源荧光光谱;Mastersizer 3000型激光粒度仪、激光共聚焦等设备对WPI乳液的平均粒径、乳化性质、界面蛋白吸附率、微观结构以及氧化稳定性等进行表征,研究不同质量分数(0%、2%、4%、6%、8%)的短链菊粉、中链菊粉对WPI乳液结构稳定性以及氧化稳定性的影响。实验结果表明,随着菊粉质量分数的增大,乳液的平均粒径呈上升趋势。界面吸附蛋白、乳化活性指数(emulsifying activity index, EAI)和乳剂稳定性指数(emulsion stability index, ESI)呈现减小的趋势。乳液初级氧化产物值、次级氧化产物呈现增大趋势,质量分数为2%中链菊粉乳液在15 d内表现出良好的氧化稳定性。低浓度菊粉(质量分数为2%)表现出最小的粒径以及更高的EAI和ESI,较单独使用WPI乳液增加了9.59%以及8.55%。     

抗冻融大豆蛋白的制备

采用湿法美拉德反应对大豆蛋白进行糖基化改性,研究了糖基化接枝产物的冻融稳定性。结果表明,湿法糖基化大豆蛋白能有效提高接枝产物的冻融稳定性,在SPI(大豆分离蛋白)浓度40 mg/m L、蛋白与糖质量比1∶3、反应时间4 h、p H 8.0、反应温度95℃条件下的接枝物冻融前后的EAI(乳化活性)分别是未改性蛋白的1.69倍和1.76倍,ESI(乳化稳定性)是未改性蛋白的1.37倍和1.27倍。傅里叶红外光谱分析表明,SPI-D接枝物在1 000 cm-1附近有较强的吸收,在3 700~3 200 cm-1处有一个更宽的振动伸缩吸收,葡聚糖以共价键的形式接入到SPI上。SPI-D接枝物在激发波长为347 nm,发射波长在435 nm处有最大的荧光强度,符合美拉德反应产物的荧光特性,进一步证明SPI与葡聚糖发生了美拉德反应。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press