大麦功能活性物质含量与抗氧化活性的关系

目的:分析大麦中功能活性物质,包括多酚、黄酮和β-葡聚糖等的含量及与大麦抗氧化活性间的关系。方法:以4种皮大麦和7种裸大麦为原料,测定其中多酚、黄酮和β-葡聚糖的含量。采用过氧化氢自由基清除能力法(PSC)测定其化学抗氧化能力,采用细胞和动物模型试验考察大麦抗氧化能力与其功能活性物质含量之间的关系。结果:不同品种大麦间多酚、黄酮和β-葡聚糖的含量差别分别达3.6,2.1倍和1.6倍。不同品种大麦粗提物,包括乙醇提取物和水提物的PSC值及CAA值均存在显著性差异(P0.05)。其中,大麦粗提物的PSC值随多酚、黄酮含量的增加呈上升趋势;大麦水提物的CAA值随多酚、黄酮含量的增加均有上升趋势,醇提物的CAA值随黄酮含量的增加而增加,随多酚含量的增加变化不明显。小鼠实验结果表明,大麦可通过降低MDA含量,提高GSH-Px和T-SOD活性的途径,改善肥胖小鼠肝脏的抗氧化性能。肝脏GSH-Px和T-SOD活性分别随多酚与黄酮含量的增加得到明显提高;同时,MDA含量随着多酚、黄酮含量的增加而降低。未发现大麦β-葡聚糖含量与其抗氧化性能之间的明显关联。结论:不同品种大麦的功能活性物质的不同,导致其抗氧化特性不同。大麦多酚和黄酮的含量越高,其抗氧化活性能越强。     

梨中不同形态酚类化合物的抗氧化活性对比分析

本文采用溶剂提取法对梨皮和梨肉中的自由酚和结合酚进行提取,并采用DPPH法测量梨皮及梨肉的抗氧化活性。研究结果表明,梨皮中总酚含量为(201.26±6.90)×10-2mg/g鲜梨(以没食子酸计),其中自由酚为135.36±1.57 mg;结合酚为42.46±3.05 mg;梨肉中总酚含量为(23.73±2.28)×10-2mg/g鲜梨肉(以没食子酸计),其中自由多酚含量为12.54±0.98 mg,结合酚11.19±1.30 mg。黄酮含量与多酚含量呈良好正相关。通过比较梨皮梨肉中两种自由酚抗氧化活性,得出梨肉自由酚的抗氧化活性最高,DPPH清除率的EC50为248.59μg/mL,AE值为0.0040;梨肉结合酚的抗氧化活性较低低,DPPH清除率的EC50为1043.24μg/mL,AE值为0.0010。     

薏米中酚类提取物测定及抗氧化能力指数分析

选取3种薏米样品,经提取获得游离型和结合型多酚类化合物,采用改进的Folin-Ciocalteu比色法及硼氢化钠/氯醌(SBC)比色法,用酶标仪测定其多酚和黄酮含量;采用抗氧化能力指数(ORAC)方法,于荧光酶标仪中测定提取物中的总抗氧化活性。研究表明,游离型多酚含量中龙薏1号薏米显著性高于贵州黑谷薏米和辽宁5号薏米,结合型多酚含量中龙薏1号薏米显著性高于贵州黑米薏米和辽宁5号薏米,所有样品中其平均结合型多酚含量占总多酚含量的45.28%;游离型黄酮含量中辽宁5号薏米显著高于贵州黑谷薏米和辽宁5号薏米,结合型黄酮含量中龙薏1号薏米高于辽宁5号薏米和贵州黑谷薏米,总黄酮含量最高的是辽宁5号薏米。总抗氧化能力指数(ORAC)最高的是龙薏1号薏米,其值是(668.0 ± 32.7)mg Trolox /100g样品(以干质量计),其次是贵州黑谷薏米和辽宁5号薏米,所有样品中平均结合型ORAC值占总ORAC值的48.08%;3个品种的薏米其总多酚含量与总抗氧化能力指数之间相关系数为0.933,有显著相关性(P＜0.05)。     

不同品种李子多酚组成及抗氧化活性

为研究不同品种李子果皮、果肉多酚组成及抗氧化活性,以9个不同品种的李子(芙蓉李、巫山李、玫瑰李、红布李、黑布李、西梅李、脆红李、江安李、青李)为原料,提取游离酚和结合酚,测定其1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除能力和抗氧化能力(oxygen radical absorbance capacity,ORAC)值,并通过高效液相色谱分析其多酚组成。结果显示:9种李子果皮总酚含量范围为111.52~775.88 mg GAE/100 g;果肉总酚含量范围为120.65~301.91 mg GAE/100 g,其中红布李果皮、果肉总酚含量均最高,西梅李总酚含量均最低。在多酚组成上,游离酚含量显著高于结合酚,且多酚组分主要为酚酸(原儿茶酸、绿原酸、咖啡酸)。体外抗氧化结果显示:9种李子果皮、果肉多酚均具有一定的抗氧化活性,DPPH自由基清除IC50值范围为4.38~46.46μg/m L,ORAC值范围为0.24~210.50μmol TE/g,其中巫山李果肉游离酚对DPPH自由基的清除能力最强,红布李果皮游离酚ORAC值最高。     

黍子的抗氧化活性及其与功能活性成分的关系

通过建立C57BL/6肥胖小鼠模型,评价了黍子对小鼠肝脏抗氧化性能的影响。并在分析比较其多酚和黄酮含量的基础上,利用抗氧化化学分析和细胞评价试验,研究了黍子抗氧化活性与其主要功能活性物质含量之间的关系。结果表明:高脂饮食削弱了小鼠肝脏的抗氧化性能,日粮中添加黍子后,高脂饮食小鼠肝脏的抗氧化能力得到了明显的改善。不同黍子品种间多酚和黄酮的含量差异较大。总多酚含量变异系数可达63.61%,变幅为0.78~3.44mg/g。总黄酮含量变异系数可达68.46%,变幅为0.89~10.17 mg/g。不同品种黍子提取物的总抗氧化能力指数(ORAC)和细胞抗氧化活性(CAA)均存在显著性差异,且黍子提取物的ORAC和CAA值与黄酮和多酚的总含量相关,均呈正向线性关系,相关系数R~2分别为0.811和0.565。     

不同品种龙眼果肉酚类物质的抗氧化活性比较

为研究不同龙眼品种资源中酚类物质、黄酮类化合物含量及其抗氧化性差异,选取广东省农业科学院果树研究所龙眼资源圃的24个龙眼品种,分析其果肉中游离态和结合态总酚、总黄酮物质的含量,采用DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS总抗氧化能力、FRAP抗氧化能力和氧自由基吸收能力ORAC四种不同方法评价其体外抗氧化能力差异;不同龙眼品种果肉总酚、总黄酮含量与DPPH、ABTS、FRAP、ORAC四种不同方法测定的抗氧化能力的变幅和变异系数较大,呈现出显著的基因型差异;不同品种龙眼果肉的多酚和黄酮的含量分别与ABTS自由基清除能力、FRAP和ORAC呈极显著(p0.01)正相关关系,而与DPPH自由基清除能力的EC50值呈极显著负相关关系(p0.01)。采用快速聚类法将24个不同品种的龙眼聚成多酚及总黄酮含量和抗氧化能力差异显著的三大群类。不同品种龙眼果肉游离态和结合态酚类物质含量与其抗氧化活性均呈显著正相关关系,提示酚类物质是龙眼果肉抗氧化活性的主要成分;酚类物质和黄酮类物质在龙眼果肉中主要以游离态存在,其中结合态平均占总酚含量的17.45%。     

萌发对芸豆酚类物质及抗氧化活性的影响

研究了萌发过程对黑芸豆、奶花芸豆、紫花芸豆中多酚、黄酮含量及抗氧活性的影响,并对多酚、黄酮含量及抗氧化能力做了相关性分析。结果表明:三种芸豆萌发(0~6 d)后多酚、黄酮含量及抗氧化活性较未萌发的均显著降低(p0.05)。且浸泡损失的多酚、黄酮高于萌发期间;黑芸豆萌发6 d后多酚、黄酮含量可能由于内切酶的作用开始增加。萌发期间,三种芸豆的DPPH·清除能力(DPPH)、ABTS+·清除能力(ABTS)、铁离子还原抗氧化能力(FRAP)、氧化自由基吸收能力(ORAC)均有降低趋势。多酚、黄酮含量与抗氧化能力极显著相关(p0.01),且多酚与ABTS值的相关性最高(r=0.955)。此外,黑芸豆的抗氧化能力萌发4 d后开始增加,萌发6 d时黑芸豆和奶花芸豆的ORAC值高于0 d。合适的萌发条件能更好的保留芸豆的生物活性物质。     

模拟胃肠消化评价苹果多酚、黄酮及抗氧化活性的相关性

以三个品种苹果(水晶富士、嘎啦果、青苹果)为原料,通过体外模拟胃肠消化和有机溶剂提取方法提取苹果的生物活性物质,测定提取液的多酚、黄酮及抗氧化活性,分析这三者的变化规律和相关性。结果表明,模拟胃肠消化后,苹果的多酚、黄酮、抗氧化活性显著提高(P0.05),在胃肠消化1 h内多酚释放量达到最大值并保持稳定,胃消化阶段最大释放量多酚为消化前的1.36~1.76倍,肠消化为消化前的1.34~2.08倍。苹果多酚主要由游离态多酚组成,有机溶剂提取液的多酚含量高于模拟胃肠消化后提取液多酚(P0.05)。模拟胃消化阶段,多酚、黄酮、抗氧化活性之间存在显著正相关(r=0.74~0.99,P0.05),而肠消化阶段,抗氧化活性与多酚、黄酮的相关系数r=-0.47~0.47(P0.05),相关性较低。模拟胃肠消化,可能引起多酚类物质的含量和结构的改变,从而导致多酚、黄酮、抗氧化活性的提高。     

热带水果多酚提取物的抗氧化和抗增殖活性研究

为明确12种热带水果多酚提取物的总酚含量、总抗氧化能力和抗肿瘤细胞增殖活性,分别采用Folin-Ciocalteu法确定了水果提取物的总酚含量,采用ORAC和FRAP的方法确定了其抗氧化能力,采用MTT的方法确定了其抗人肝癌细胞HepG2增殖的活性。结果显示,12种水果提取物的总酚含量为26.17-229.67 mg GAE/100g 鲜重,最高杨桃的总酚含量为最低鳄梨的8.78倍;ORAC和FRAP抗氧化值分别为607.05-2631.17 μmol TE/100g 鲜重和462.12-1067.92 μmol TE/100 g鲜重,杨桃具有最高的ORAC和FRAP抗氧化值,分别是最低木瓜的4.33倍和鳄梨的2.31倍;11种水果提取物抑制肿瘤细胞HepG2增殖的IC50值为31.79-66.93 mg/mL,抑制活性最弱木瓜的IC50值为最强杨桃的2.11倍。水果提取物的总酚含量与其ORAC抗氧化值（R2＝0.7839）、FRAP抗氧化值（R2＝0.7636）和抑制HepG2细胞增殖的IC50值（R2＝0.8847）之间具有显著的相关性。     

基于HepG2细胞模型的褐赭色羊肚菌多酚抗氧化及抗增殖活性研究

本实验研究了褐赭色羊肚菌游离酚和结合酚体内抗氧化能力以及对HepG2细胞的毒性和抗增殖作用。采用HPLC对褐赭色羊肚菌多酚组分进行鉴定,测定多酚抗氧化能力指数(ORAC);以人肝癌细胞HepG2为模型,测定多酚细胞抗氧化活性(CAA值)及抗增殖活性(EC50值)。结果显示:褐赭色羊肚菌游离酚和结合酚含量分别为(4.27±0.07)、(0.14±0.01)mg GAE/g DW;其ORAC值分别为(4624.52±400)、(429.41±60)μmol TE/100 g DW;CAA值分别为(15.33±0.60)、(0.37±0.01)μmol QE/100 g DW(PBS清洗)和(51.84±0.83)、(1.27±0.04)μmol QE/100 g DW(不经PBS清洗)。游离酚和结合酚浓度为125μg/m L和70μg/m L时,对HepG2细胞增殖抑制率分别为77.28%、66.31%,且试验浓度范围内,羊肚菌多酚对HepG2基本无细胞毒性。褐赭色羊肚菌多酚具有一定的细胞抗氧化及抗增殖活性,可将褐赭色羊肚菌作为开发此类功能营养食品的原料,为羊肚菌的进一步综合利用提供理论依据。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press