冷鲜肉高氧气调保鲜包装研究

为延长冷鲜肉的货架期,本研究以PP材质托盘盛装,PP膜封盒,充入不同比例的气体成分对冷鲜肉进行气调包装.在温度4℃、湿度80％的恒定条件下,分别研究了25％ O2＋ 75％ CO2、45％O2＋55％ CO2、65％ O2＋ 35％ CO2的3种不同气体组分的气调包装对冷鲜肉的感官指标、色度、pH值和挥发性盐基氮含量等指标的影响,并且通过与大气对照组的对比,对冷鲜肉气调保鲜包装第6天的保鲜效果进行雷达直观定性分析.结果表明,65％O2＋35％ CO2组气调包装的保鲜效果明显好于其他实验组,冷鲜肉的货架期延长了6天.     

三文鱼气调保鲜技术的研究进展

三文鱼不仅是补充人体营养物质的理想食物来源,而且还具有良好的保健作用。本文主要介绍了三文鱼气调保鲜技术的研究进展,指出了三文鱼气调保鲜技术的发展趋势,即单一采用气调保鲜技术只能有限地延长三文鱼的货架期,而气调保鲜技术与酸浸、盐渍、烟熏、保鲜剂和抑菌剂等结合使用可以更好地延长三文鱼的货架期,这将是气调保鲜技术发展的一个趋势。气调包装抑制了好氧菌的生长,气调贮藏中的特定腐败菌为发光磷杆菌、乳酸菌等。通过腐败菌生长建立的货架期预测模型可用于预报三文鱼的货架期,从而建立起一种准确及时的食品质量安全评估方法。     

气调包装结合迷迭香提取物对冷鲜羊肉品质变化的影响

羊肉的贮藏保鲜不仅可以延长货架期,同时可以扩大销售半径,从而带来更高的经济效益。因此研究以冷鲜羊肉为材料,评价迷迭香提取物和CO2气调包装结合使用与分别单独使用的效果。实验分为4组,分别是真空组、迷迭香真空组、气调组和迷迭香气调组,对冷鲜羊肉的菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮、pH、色差值以及感官评价进行测定。研究结果表明,迷迭香气调组在4℃冷藏28 d时挥发性盐基氮值低于20.0 mg/100 g,显著低于其他3组(p0.05)。贮存35 d时,迷迭香气调组菌落总数未超过10~7 CFU/g,pH6.30,红度值4.98,这3项指标及感官评价结果均显著优于其他3组;因此研究发现使用迷迭香提取物结合高浓度CO_2气调包装,可以显著延长冷鲜羊肉的货架期,对于羊肉贮藏保鲜方法的开发具有重要意义。     

气调包装对生鲜面货架期的影响研究进展

货架期短是抑制生鲜面工业化发展的主要因素,调整包装内的气体成分及其比例可以延长其货架期。在介绍影响生鲜面货架期因素的基础上,着重介绍了气调包装的原理及影响气调包装的因素,阐述了气调包装技术以及气调包装技术与其他保鲜技术结合在生鲜面保鲜中的应用进展。     

大米的气调保鲜

加工好的大米成品在消费之前的保鲜直接影响着大米的食用品质.重点介绍了大米气调保鲜的杌理、特点及影响因素.气调保鲜常用的气体如CO2、N2等,可以抑制真菌生长,窒息储粮害虫,延缓大米品质的劣变.密封在包装内的CO2逐渐被吸收,可以形成与抽真空相似的包装外观效果和保鲜效果.气调保鲜包装成本低,能延长大米的货架期,方便消费者选购.影响大米气调保鲜的因素有很多,其中气体和包装材料是很重要的影响因素.     

养殖大黄鱼气调包装保鲜工艺研究

通过感官评定、微生物和理化分析,评价不同气体(空气、真空)包装以及不同气体比例的气调包装(30%CO2/70%N2、60%CO2/40%N2、75%CO2/25%N2)对养殖大黄鱼冷藏(4℃±1℃)保鲜效果的影响。试验结果表明:气调包装能明显延缓养殖大黄鱼的腐败变质,延长货架期,并保持良好的品质,尤以贮藏初期的保鲜效果较好;在冷藏(4℃±1℃)条件下养殖大黄鱼气调包装最适气体配比为75%CO2/25%N2,其货架期可达15 d,比空气包装延长了8 d。     

冷鲜鸭肉气调包装微环境优化及其对品质的影响

为优化冷鲜鸭肉气调包装微环境及评价其对冷鲜鸭肉品质的影响,增强其保鲜效果,延长冷鲜鸭肉货架期,本研究以菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮含量、感官评价为指标,基于单纯形-格子点设计考察不同气体比例对冷鲜鸭肉品质的影响。进一步以贮藏第7 d和第9 d的菌落总数及TVB-N值建立回归模型,解析最优气调比例并进行验证,并对包装容积比和贮藏温度进行优化。结果表明,53%O₂+47%CO₂为冷鲜鸭肉最优气调比例;在此条件下,1/2容积比和4 ℃贮藏温度均能使冷鲜鸭肉在第10 d时保持二级鲜度。综上,适宜的气调包装微环境能有效抑制微生物生长繁殖,减少TVB-N的生成并提高感官品质,有助于延长冷鲜鸭肉的货架期。     

冷鲜羊肉气调包装气体比例的优选

气调包装是延长鲜肉货架期的最常用最有效的方法之一。合理的气调包装不仅可以保证肉品的卫生质量,延长货架期,还可对鲜肉的感官质量产生良好影响。本试验采用均匀设计对羊肉进行充气包装,通过测定在3±1℃下贮存过程中保藏18d时,羊肉的微生物变化,了解气调包装对延长羊肉保鲜的效果。结果表明:所优选出的最佳气调保鲜气体比例为CO275%,O210%,N215%。可以在18 d内使冷鲜羊肉保持在二级鲜度。     

不同气调包装结合冰温贮藏对羊肉保鲜效果的影响

为延长鲜羊肉的保鲜时间,研究不同气体组分的气调包装对羊肉冰温贮藏过程中品质的影响。以真空包装为对照,比较75% O2＋25% CO2、75% N2＋25% CO2气调包装羊肉在－1 ℃冰温条件下贮藏过程中感官品质、色泽、汁液流失率、嫩度、挥发性盐基氮、pH值、微生物等品质指标的变化。结果表明：真空包装羊肉的汁液流失率显著高于2 种气调包装,而75% N2＋25% CO2气调包装羊肉的色泽和感官评分最差。75% O2＋25% CO2气调包装的保鲜效果最好,其色泽和感官评分最高,汁液流失率较小,pH值最低,－1 ℃冰温条件下贮藏42 d时,羊肉的菌落总数、假单胞菌菌数、乳酸菌菌数的对数值分别为5.91、5.95、5.23 （lg（CFU/g））,其中菌落总数指标符合国家二级鲜肉标准。因此,－1 ℃冰温条件下结合75% O2＋25% CO2气调包装可以使羊肉有效保鲜42 d,是较好的鲜羊肉保鲜方法。     

包装方式对四角蛤蜊卤制风味产品贮藏品质的影响

目的：研究不同包装方式对其贮藏期品质的影响。方法 对四角蛤蜊卤制风味产品进行普通包装、真空包装、30% CO2+70% N2、50% CO2+50% N2、30% N2+70% CO2气调包装,并在4 ℃贮藏条件下,测定菌落总数、质构特性、色差、TVB-N值、风味特性等理化指标,选择最佳的包装方式。结果 普通包装样品在第3 d、真空包装组样品在第6 d时菌落总数超标,而气调包装组的货架期可达12 d左右。气调包装组的硬度、弹性、咀嚼性的下降程度都低于普通包装和真空包装组,气调包装的护色效果也优于其他两组。气调包装对TVB-N值、TBA值、pH值变化的延缓作用明显优于真空包装和普通包装。结论 不同包装方式对四角蛤蜊卤制风味产品贮藏品质的保持能力依次为气调包装、真空包装、普通包装,其中50% CO2+50% N2气调包装保鲜效果最佳,能显著延长产品货架期。     

Centralized packaging of retail meat cuts: a review.

Centralized packaging of retail meat cuts is growing more popular because of its economies and potential to maintain quality, enhance safety, and extend the shelf life of fresh meat. Requirements for optimizing shelf life of centrally prepared retail cuts for periods up to 15 weeks are slightly different from those needed to extend the shelf life of fresh, chilled meat. Chilled meat primarily deteriorate at the cut or uncut muscle surface. In long-term storage, primal cuts are placed in an atmosphere saturated with carbon dioxide and containing very low residual oxygen. These cuts are held at -1.5+/-0.5 degrees C. When the meat is removed, it is fabricated into retail or food service cuts. New fresh surfaces are created in the process, revitalizing the meat's appearance. After being prepared for retail display, the meat normally has four more days of shelf life. Depending on the meat species, shelf life is usually limited by development of undesirable organoleptic changes, usually defects in color, which are independent of microbial presence. The microbes consist of a lactic acid bacterial population that maximizes under storage conditions at about 10(8) CFU/cm2 well before shelf life ends. Circumstances are different with centralized distribution of retail-ready fresh meat. The wholesale storage period following initial packaging of the retail cuts is about 20 to 30 days. Prepared products must withstand retail display for up to 2 days without further manipulation of package contents. Retail packages are simply moved from their storage container (usually a unit or overwrap containing a modified atmosphere) to retail display, where desirable meat color develops upon exposure to air. Three gas atmospheres have some potential to satisfy storage needs for centralized distribution of retail-ready packages: 100% CO2, 100% N2, or 70% N2 + 30% CO2. Shelf life is limited by undesirable changes in surfaces exposed at initial packaging, caused by growth of psychrotrophic bacteria. If 100% CO2 is used, these are all lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Therefore, initial bacterial numbers on the meat and storage temperature become critical to success. The most attractive storage option is 100% CO2 used at - 1.5 +/-0.5 degrees C. This review presents the reason for that recommendation, along with basic concepts of meat chemistry, a discussion of modified atmosphere packaging, meat microbiology, and current results with simulated centralized packaging of retail-ready meats.     

鲜肉制品的气调包装技术浅析

气调包装是延长鲜肉货架期的最有效的方法之一,合理的气调包装不仅可以保证肉品的卫生质量、延长货架期,还可对冷却肉的感官质量产生良好影响。主要综述气调包装技术在鲜肉制品包装中的应用、气体比例及其包装方法和特点。     

肉及肉制品气调包装技术研究进展

气调包装技术作为一种新型包装技术应用于肉及肉制品,能较好地保持肉及肉制品品质、色泽、风味及营养、延长肉及肉制品货架期,对产品副作用小。本文主要就气调包装的技术原理、常用气体组成成分及作用、气调包装在肉及肉制品中应用的研究进展以及影响气调包装保鲜效果的因素进行概述,并对气调包装技术的研究应用提出了展望。     

包装材料对高氧气调包装冷鲜肉品质变化的影响

气调包装能有效延长冷却肉的货架期,但是不同阻隔性的包装材料对冷却肉的保质期影响差异显著,因此选用3种不同阻隔性的包装材料,对冷鲜肉进行高氧气调包装(35% CO2、65% O2),测定冷鲜肉在贮藏期的菌落总数、大肠菌群、色泽、挥发性盐基态氮、汁液流失率和pH值等指标,观察不同阻隔性的材料对冷却肉货架期品质的影响。结果表明：高氧包装条件下,高阻隔材料包装的冷却肉在贮存10d菌落总数已经超标,pH值在贮存期内处于二级鲜肉的范围内;中阻隔包装材料包装的冷却肉菌落总数对数值在保质期内未超过6(lg(CFU/g)),但是肉色保持的较好,感官评价相对较好,但是汁液流失较大;低阻隔包装材料低阻隔性的包装材料菌落变化最大,13d时菌落总数对数值达到6.46(lg(CFU/g)),肉的色泽相对较差,气味和总体可接受性也较差,因此,中阻隔性包装材料效果较好。     

酱牛肉气调和真空包装保鲜效果比较研究

为了改进酱牛肉的保鲜效果并延长其货架期,以真空包装为参照,探讨气调包装（5% O2＋70% CO2＋ 25% N2）对酱牛肉的保鲜效果。以细菌总数、硫代巴比妥酸反应物（TBARS）值、总挥发性盐基氮含量、pH值、 色差、风味为评价指标,比较酱牛肉真空和气调两种包装方式保鲜效果的差异。结果表明：在10 ℃贮藏18 d后,气 调包装组和真空包装对照组相比,其细菌总数降低2 个数量级,TBARS值降低了38.7%,挥发性盐基氮含量降低了 66.8%,且通过电子鼻主成分分析能将两种包装方式完全分开。表明气调包装更有利于酱牛肉的保鲜,可有效提高 其品质稳定性,并延长产品的货架期。     

包装方式对牛排贮藏期间微生物数量和演替的影响

为研究包装方式对牛排贮藏期间的品质、微生物数量和演替的影响，牛排分别采用50% O2气调包装（50% O2＋30% CO2＋20% N2）和真空包装在0～4 ℃下贮藏21 d，并检测贮藏期间pH值、肉色、微生物数量和微生物多样性。结果表明：50% O2气调包装组比真空包装具有更好的护色效果；贮藏21 d时，与真空包装组相比，气调包装组菌落总数、乳酸菌数和假单胞菌数降低；两种包装的微生物多样性均随时间延长呈现先升高后降低的趋势，且真空包装牛排比50% O2气调包装牛排具有更复杂的微生物多样性；牛排的初始微生物主要由不动杆菌属、苍白杆菌属、栖热菌属和金黄杆菌属组成，随着贮藏时间的延长，肉食杆菌属逐渐成为真空包装牛排的优势菌群，而环丝菌属、沙雷氏菌属和乳杆菌属则成为50% O2气调包装牛排的优势菌群；贮藏7～14 d是牛排中微生物种类产生变化的关键时间点；相比于真空包装牛排，50% O2气调包装牛排中的微生物群落具有更低的糖代谢和更高的蛋白质代谢能力。本研究结果明确了不同贮藏方法下牛排的品质变化和微生物的演替规律，为定向抑制牛排中的微生物、延长产品货架期提供了参考。     

Where is MAP Going? A review and future potential of modified atmosphere packaging for meat

Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is the removal and/or replacement of the atmosphere surrounding the product before sealing in vapor-barrier materials. While technically different, many forms of MAP are also case-ready packaging, where meat is cut and packaged at a centralized location for transport to and display at a retail store. Most of the shelf life properties of meat are extended by use of MAP, but anoxic forms of MAP without carbon monoxide (CO) do not provide bloomed red meat color and MAP with oxygen (O(2)) may promote oxidation of lipids and pigments. Advances in plastic materials and equipment have propelled advances in MAP, but other technological and logistical considerations are needed for successful MAP systems for raw chilled fresh meat. Current MAP options of air-permeable overwrapped trays in master packs, low O(2) formats of shrunk film vacuum packaging (VP) or MAP with carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and nitrogen (N(2)) and their peelable barrier film derivatives, and high O(2) MAP each have advantages and disadvantages. Packaging technology innovations and ingenuity will continue to provide MAP that is consumer oriented, product enhancing, environmentally responsive, and cost effective, but continued research and development by the scientific and industry sectors will be needed.     

MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE AND VACUUM PACKAGING OF MEAT AND POULTRY PRODUCTS

Extension of the shelf-life of meat and poultry products is one of the technology needs to meet the demands of consumers. In this respect, increasing attention is put on packaging techniques. Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and vacuum packaging (VP) are recent innovations that have been gaining importance as preservation techniques to improve the shelf-life of meat and poultry. MAP provides alterations of atmospheric gas concentrations in the pack. Controlled atmosphere (CA) packaging is also MAP, wherein the selected atmospheric concentration of gas is actively maintained throughout the storage period. In VP, air is completely removed. The three principal gases used in MAP are carbon dioxide (to inhibit bacteria and moulds), nitrogen (to avoid oxidation of fats and pack collapse), and oxygen (to prevent anaerobic growth). Retention of meat color is better in MAP than in VP. However, color is regained when meat is removed from VP packets and exposed to air. Microbial profiles of MAP- and VP-meat do not differ significantly. MAP offers several unique advantages for retaining the desirable market quality of products. The safety of MAP meat is still a concern under temperature abuse conditions but it can be improved by coupling with hurdle technology and proper preservation systems. Active packaging is a significant area of advancement of MAP technology to further improve the safety of meat and poultry products. This contribution critically reviews the existing knowledge on MAP and VP of meat and poultry in order to broaden our understanding of the subject and to suggest further areas of research to effectively use these technologies for marketing safe meat and poultry products.     

MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE AND VACUUM PACKAGING OF MEAT AND POULTRY PRODUCTS

Extension of the shelf-life of meat and poultry products is one of the technology needs to meet the demands of consumers. In this respect, increasing attention is put on packaging techniques. Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and vacuum packaging (VP) are recent innovations that have been gaining importance as preservation techniques to improve the shelf-life of meat and poultry. MAP provides alterations of atmospheric gas concentrations in the pack. Controlled atmosphere (CA) packaging is also MAP, wherein the selected atmospheric concentration of gas is actively maintained throughout the storage period. In VP, air is completely removed. The three principal gases used in MAP are carbon dioxide (to inhibit bacteria and moulds), nitrogen (to avoid oxidation of fats and pack collapse), and oxygen (to prevent anaerobic growth). Retention of meat color is better in MAP than in VP. However, color is regained when meat is removed from VP packets and exposed to air. Microbial profiles of MAP- and VP-meat do not differ significantly. MAP offers several unique advantages for retaining the desirable market quality of products. The safety of MAP meat is still a concern under temperature abuse conditions but it can be improved by coupling with hurdle technology and proper preservation systems. Active packaging is a significant area of advancement of MAP technology to further improve the safety of meat and poultry products. This contribution critically reviews the existing knowledge on MAP and VP of meat and poultry in order to broaden our understanding of the subject and to suggest further areas of research to effectively use these technologies for marketing safe meat and poultry products.