盾构穿越复杂地段对周围环境影响的研究

分析了盾构推进过程中引起土层移动的原因,讨论了减小土层移动的各种工程措施.结合实例,对盾构穿越复杂地段的工程难点进行了详细的分析,并对各个施工控制方案进行了有针对性的介绍.最后,就盾构穿越复杂地段的安全问题及其应对措施进行了概括和总结,为工程技术人员提供了有益的参考.     

丘陵区采矿排水对周边地下水流动系统影响分析

丘陵地区地下水资源相对紧缺,然而为保证矿区安全开采,地下开采工程要求排出大量的地下水,尤其是承压水的流失对上覆渗水性强的含水层水位下降可能存在不可忽视的影响,甚至影响到周边居民的饮水安全。为此,本文以皖西丘陵地区霍邱铁矿群开采为例,在建立地下水水流数值模型基础上,分析采矿排水对上覆第四系孔隙水的影响程度,结果表明：矿床...     

Rosenblueth方法在软破围岩锚喷支护系统评价中的应用

软破岩的特点是成分复杂 ,裂隙发育 ,含有膨胀性矿物。在软破岩中的巷道围岩的地压是变形压力 ,它首先表现为侧壁岩体鼓胀成楔形被挤出。这种现象与Rabcewicz提出的软岩剪切滑移理论基本吻合。对这类围岩最为有效的支护形式是锚喷支护 ,由于软破岩的特点和复杂性 ,其本身和锚喷支护结构的力学参数和失效机理存在不确定性。对这类地下结构的稳定性分析时最为合适的是采用能考虑不确定性的可靠度方法。在建立可靠度方程时 ,按照该类岩体的地压特点 ,将承载结构分成两个子结构 ,根据子结构变形特点和受力条件建立结构总体极限状态方程。由于总体极限状态方程是在圆形巷道的基础上建立的 ,因此在文中还给出了一般形状巷道转化为等代圆形巷道时其半径的四种计算方法。最后给出了一个工程算例。     

A computer-aided tunneling system (CATS) aids in planning and building an urban underground reservoir project

The Hirano River underground stormwater detention reservoir was planned as a first phase of an ambitious municipal plan to prevent flooding in the southeastern district of Osaka, Japan. The reservoir has been under construction since 1981. The concept involved in the design of the reservoir is stormwater detention through temporary storage of rainwater during heavy rainfalls in order to prevent flooding in the vicinity. The underground reservoir is a 1880-m-long tunnel with a storage capacity of 140,000 m³ and a finished diameter of 10 m. The tunnel is being bored by the world's largest slurry shield (11.22-m boring diameter). This paper is primarily concerned with Phase I tunnel construction, in which the latest computer monitoring and data processing technology CATS (Computer-Aided Tunneling System) was applied to provide complete environmental protection. Some aspects of project planning are also discussed. The Phase I tunnel reservoir construction was completed on schedule, in time to prevent possible flooding of the area by intercepting 29,000 m³ (approx. 29 million l) of stormwater in 40 min when a heavy rainfall poured down on July 21, 1986.     

Development of a new method for RMR and Q classification method to optimize support system in tunneling

Rock mass classification system is very suitable for various engineering design and stability analysis. JH classification method is confirmed by Japan Highway Public Corporation that this method can figure out either strength or deformability of rock mass, further appropriating the amount of rock bolts, thickness of shotcrete, and size of pitch of steel ribs just after the blasting procedure. Based on these advantages of JH method, in this study, according to data of five deep and long tunnels in Iran, two equations for estimating the value of JH method from Q and RMR classification systems were developed. These equations as a new method were able to optimize the support system for Q and RMR classification systems. From JH classification and its application in these case studies, it is pointed out that the JH method for the design of support systems in underground working is more reliable than the Q and RMR classification systems.     

Proposed soil classification based on the experiences of soft-ground tunneling in Iran

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - An essential step in successful mechanized and conventional tunneling operations is a thorough characterization of ground conditions and...     

发展与控制——广州新白云国际机场周边地区规划的思考

随着世界经济一体化的趋势 ,各国各地区之间的人流、物流、资金、信息的流动越来越高速化和大量化。机场作为高速交通体系的重要节点之一 ,其作用已不仅仅局限于交通设施 ,还为其所在地区经济和城市的发展提供新的动力。另一方面 ,机场运营过程对周边地区产生噪音、大气等污染     

山区高速公路隧道涌水量计算的常规方法

针对公路行业对隧道涌水量计算的不足,本文根据作者多年来对铁路隧道涌水量计算的工作经验,搜集整理了一些计算公式,用于公路工程隧道涌水量的计算,并称之为常规方法。同时,对隧道涌水渗流过程及施工、运营期间的涌水特征做了简要分析。     

Housing affordability in Australia: an empirical study of the impact of infrastructure charges

Developer paid infrastructure charges are a commonly used mechanism for Australian municipalities to shift the funding of new urban infrastructure to private sector property developers. In a climate where housing affordability is a policy objective for many governments, a clear understanding of the impacts these charges have on the price of housing is imperative. This paper empirically examines the effect of infrastructure charges on housing affordability in Brisbane, Australia, applying a hedonic house price model to 4699 new and 25,053 existing house sales in Brisbane from 2005 to 2011. The findings of this research are consistent with international studies that support the proposition that infrastructure charges are over passed to home buyers. This study provides evidence of infrastructure charges being over passed to both new and existing home buyers in the order of around 400 %. These findings suggest that infrastructure charges are thus a significant contributor to increasing house prices and reduced housing affordability in Australia. By testing this flow-on effect to both new and existing homes, this research provides evidence in support of the proposition that not only are infrastructure charges over passed to new home buyers, but also to buyers of existing homes. Thus the price inflationary effect of infrastructure charges are being felt by all home buyers across the community, resulting in increased mortgage repayments of close to $1000 per month in Australia. These results are important as they inform governments on the outcomes of current infrastructure funding policies on housing affordability, providing the first empirical evidence of its kind in Australia.     

Use of an environmental specimen bank for evaluating the impact of the Prestige oil spill on the levels of trace elements in two species of Fucus on the coast of Galicia (NW Spain)

In the present study we investigated possible contamination by trace elements due to the oil slick caused by the shipwreck of the Prestige oil tanker, in two species of brown macroalgae (Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus ceranoides) collected from the coastal area most severely affected by the spill (Galicia, NW Spain). The oil slick apparently did not cause significant increases in the concentrations of the trace elements studied, except vanadium. It appears that the magnitude of terrestrial inputs to coastal waters is sufficiently high to mask the inputs of trace elements from the fuel. The observed exception of V suggests that bioaccumulation of this element by the two species of Fucus may be used to indicate exposure to petrochemical products similar to the Prestige fuel. The findings of the study are another example of the importance of the existence of Environmental Specimen Banks for studies of this type.     

昆明地区某基坑开挖对周边环境影响的研究

以昆明地区某基坑工程为例,通过分析基坑周边建筑物及道路情况,并结合该地区的工程地质条件,探讨了基坑开挖对周边环境的影响,同时对基坑监测数据进行了研究,得出了基坑开挖过程中周边环境的变化特征。     

隧道断层破碎带围岩稳定性影响分析

针对某公路隧道断层破碎带发育情况,分析了影响隧道断层破碎带围岩稳定性因素,并基于有限元MIDAS-GTS分析软件,采用摩尔—库仑模型,对隧道进行了分步开挖数值模拟,研究了断层破碎带处位移特征及应力特征,得出了一些有意义的结论。     

关于上海及周边地区风力发电工程勘察的探讨

介绍了上海及周边沿海地区风力发电的开发现状,阐述了风力发电机基础的一般受力特点和基础形式,对风机基础勘察进行了总结和讨论,提出了一些看法,以使勘察工作满足规范要求,更好地为工程建设服务。     

重庆及周边地区水泥混凝土路面断板原因分析

根据重庆及其周边地区水泥混凝土路面的使用情况,从设计、施工、使用、维护等方面详细分析了重庆及其周边地区水泥混凝土路面的断板原因,提出应深入研究防断板措施,以提高路面质量。     

陶氏化学（中国）研发中心屋面防水系统介绍

介绍了热熔橡胶沥青涂料与橡胶沥青自粘卷材组成的屋面复合防水系统特点,并以陶氏化学(中国)研发中心屋面防水项目为例阐述了该系统的具体应用.     

住区建成环境对老年人生活品质影响的实证研究 ——以大连市既有住区为例

伴随着生活圈的不断收缩,住区逐渐成 为了老年人日常生活的主要场所,然而,既有住区 的建成环境却往往不能满足老年人生活需求, 影响老年人的生活品质。研究以大连市既有住区 建成环境为对象,基于扎根理论采用拍照、测 绘、半开放式访谈的方法,结合文献梳理,分析 了住区建成环境对老年人生活品质的影响。研究 认为住区建成环境现状问题主要体现于无障碍 设计缺失、规划缺失以及管理缺失。这些问题均 导致了老年人生活品质下降,且主要体现于无法 满足营养需求、安全感需求、卫生需求以及社交 需求。因此,为了提高老年人的生活品质,在进行 建成环境改造时,应该充分考虑导致老年人生 活品质下降背后的动因,并以需求为导向进行统 筹优化。研究认为老年人生活品质是一项综合的指标,通过建成环境的优化能够在一定程度上对其进行提升,但只有建成环境与社会环境协同作 用,才能更有效的提升老年人的生活品质。     

山西省太原市某办公楼空调系统介绍

重点介绍了某办公楼空调系统,空调系统在冷源的选择上,经过经济分析和周围环境调研,采用了在用电方面具有削峰添谷作用的冰蓄冷技术,同时设置了大量的与之相配合的控制系统,以使本办公楼空调系统成为节能节电的系统。     

Development of a new classification system for assessing of rock mass drillability index (RDi)

The drilling process and its results are affected by various parameters of the rock material and rock mass. The effects of rock material have been emphasized in various studies; however lack of perfect knowledge of rock mass structural parameters may lead to unpredictable results. This paper presents a new classification system for specifying the rock mass drillability index (RDi). For this purpose, six parameters of the rock mass, including texture and grain size, Mohs hardness, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), joint spacing, joint filling (aperture) and joint dipping have been investigated by physical modeling and rated. Physical modeling in particular has been used for investigating the effects of joint characteristics on drilling rate. In the proposed RDi system, each rock mass is assigned a rating from 7 to 100, with a higher rating corresponding greater ease of drilling. Based on the RDi rating, the drilling rate may be classified into five modes: slow, slow-medium, medium, medium-fast, and fast.     

A modified rock mass classification considering seismic effects in the basic quality (BQ) system

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - Safe construction and operation of tunnels in high seismic risk regions require special aseismic design. A possible solution to this issue is...