基于信息容量的FY-4A/GIIRS红外光谱探测能力 研究

利用LBLRTM逐线积分模式开展不同大气状况条件下各大气参数在FY-4A/GIIRS红外通道的光谱敏感性分析,在此基础上,以信息熵和自由度为判据,对FY-4A/GIIRS高光谱探测资料所包含的温度、水汽、臭氧等大气参数信息容量进行定量化描述,从而评估FY-4A/GIIRS对大气参数的可反演能力.研究结果表明:(1) FY-4A/GIIRS长波波段对温度和水汽的敏感度与大气状况相关,而对臭氧的敏感度在不同大气状况条件下差异不大;(2)初步揭示了FY-4A/GIIRS具备大气温湿和臭氧廓线反演的应用潜力,在相同大气条件下,FY-4A/GIIRS红外光谱所包含的温度信息容量最大,水汽其次;(3)在热带大气条件下,FY-4A/GIIRS所包含的温度和水汽信息容量最丰富.     

FY-4A静止气象卫星红外高光谱大气探测仪GIIRS探测灵敏度分析

灵敏度是重要的遥感器辐射性能指标.本文将红外高光谱大气探测仪仪器噪声灵敏度概念拓展,定义了面向探测仪在轨应用的大气参数灵敏度和地表温度误差灵敏度,给出了相应的计算模型和相互关系.并将之应用于第一台静止气象卫星红外高光谱大气探测仪FY-4A GIIRS在轨应用探测灵敏度评估.根据探测仪测试数据和大气历史统计资料,得到了大...     

FY-4A大气垂直探测仪 (GIIRS) 温度探测通道优选

针对中国第二代静止气象卫星风云四号(FY-4A)的干涉式大气垂直探测仪(GIIRS),从信息容量的角度,运用分步迭代法,以及精确型辐射传输模式LBLRTM,进行温度探测通道优选试验。计算得到在全球范围反演温度廓线的56个优选通道以及FY-4A探测范围的58个优选通道,所选通道自身信息容量较高,相互之间相关性小,可应用于大气温度廓线反演和数据同化研究。     

FY-4A静止气象卫星红外高光谱大气探测仪GIIRS探测灵敏度分析（英文）

灵敏度是重要的遥感器辐射性能指标。本文将红外高光谱大气探测仪仪器噪声灵敏度概念拓展,定义了面向探测仪在轨应用的大气参数灵敏度和地表温度误差灵敏度,给出了相应的计算模型和相互关系。并将之应用于第一台静止气象卫星红外高光谱大气探测仪FY-4A GIIRS在轨应用探测灵敏度评估。根据探测仪测试数据和大气历史统计资料,得到了大气参数(温度、水汽、臭氧、CO_2、CH_4和N_2O)、地表温度误差以及探测仪噪声灵敏度随通道的定量变化特征,分析了各变化特征的物理机制。结果表明大气温度、水汽和臭氧灵敏度远大于探测仪噪声和地表温度误差灵敏度,而CO_2、CH_4和N_2O灵敏度被探测仪和地表温度误差灵敏度淹没。本文研究为红外高光谱大气参数探测信噪比评估奠定了基础,有助于红外高光谱大气探测通道的优选。     

基于探空资料的上海台风季GIIRS/FY-4A卫星温度廓线反演精度研究

利用上海宝山站L波段探空资料,分析台风季无云、有云和全天空条件下不同质量控制以及台风登陆前后24 h内FY-4A干涉式大气垂直探测仪(Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder, GIIRS)温度资料的反演精度。结果表明：(1) GIIRS温度反演产品在无云条件下反演精度最高,质量控制为0的数据均方根误差(Root Mean Squared Error, RMSE)为1.74 K,表明该产品在对流层中上层具有一定可信度。(2)云层降低了GIIRS温度反演的精度,有云条件下质量控制为0的数据RMSE为3.57 K,超出了美国环境监测系统给出的标准误差范围。(3)有云天空条件下,当温度大于230 K时,GIIRS反演温度均低于探空数据。(4)台风“安比”、“云雀”登陆前24 h内,在500 hPa高度至近地面附近和对流层顶,GIIRS反演温度偏高;台风“云雀”登陆后24 h内,GIIRS在800 hPa高度至近地面附近反演温度偏低,并且反演会产生大量无效值。     

FY-4A GIIRS数据探测大气水汽和臭氧的垂直空间特性评估

红外高光谱大气垂直探测仪数据的垂直空间特性由探测仪光谱性能指标间接决定,并与所关注的大气参数及其变化有并.本文在剔除大气参数探测信噪比过低的无效通道的基础上,针对FY-4A卫星红外高光谱大气垂直探测仪GIIRS数据对水汽和臭氧变化响应的峰值高度、高度分辨率、垂直不对称性及垂直覆盖范围进行了评估,并与大气温度探测的垂直空...     

风云四号A星干涉式大气垂直探测仪在轨定标及性能评价

干涉式大气垂直探测仪(GIIRS)是风云四号A星(FY-4A)的三大主载荷之一,其主要功能是实现大气温度和湿度参数的垂直结构观测.为了满足卫星数据定量化应用的要求,FY-4A星成功发射之后,围绕GIIRS开展了一系列的在轨定标和性能评价工作.评价结果表明:除部分通道受到有机挥发物的影响,85%的通道灵敏度优于设计指标;利用大气辐射传输模式,通过比较观测光谱与模拟光谱的均方根误差来确定激光有效采样频率,实现了GIIRS在轨光谱定标,精度达到10 ppm;利用星上面源黑体,考虑到非理想干涉图的相位影响,采用改进后的两点式外黑体定标法,实现了星上在轨辐射定标,长波和中波的平均亮温偏差均小于1 K,优于设计指标.     

青海湖地区NCEP资料对风云二号C星热红外通道绝对辐射定标影响研究

为了分析大气廓线中温度和相对湿度变化对风云二号C星(FY-2C)热红外通道定标的影响,分别利用2005年6月25日青海湖场地定标试验的实际探空数据和对应时刻NCEP(美国国家环境预报中心)全球再分析大气廓线资料(简称NCEP资料)对FY-2C热红外通道进行定标计算,两种方法定标结果一致.利用2003年8月的14次青海湖实际探空数据和对应时刻的NCEP资料进行FY-2C热红外通道入瞳辐亮度和亮温的对比计算,利用辐射传输计算软件(MODTRAN 3.7)进行大气廓线对FY-2C热红外通道入瞳辐亮度和亮温的敏感性试验.计算结果表明对于青海湖地区,NCEP资料可用于FY-2C热红外通道的辐射定标计算.     

基于平均探空廓线和地表实测数据构建大气参数廓线的方法研究

许多光学工程都需要掌握实时大气参数廓线,用来预测大气透过率和大气背景辐射,而目前除了无线电探空和大气遥感外,不易获得实时大气参数廓线。利用历年探空站点数据,并根据地面实时大气参数值,构建各高度层比例因子,得到实时大气参数廓线。以厦门地区为例,将模拟构建的实时温度、气压、水汽密度廓线及整层大气可降水量与实际探空廓线进行对比,表明:构造的对流层以下的温度廓线偏差小于2.5 K,气压基本保持不变,水汽密度廓线在晴天条件下与真实廓线吻合较好,水汽总量偏差小于15%。此方法在某些光学工程中有一定的应用价值。     

基于微波高光谱技术的数据仿真及参数反演研究

发展高光谱微波辐射计对于提升大气参数反演精度具有重要意义。利用微波辐射传输模型mpm93以及BP 神经网络方法分别构建正演上行辐射亮温和反演大气温度廓线的模型,并研究了晴空条件下高光谱微波辐射计反演大气温度廓线的精度。54～58 GHz、64～68 GHz 在氧气吸收波段选取80 个通道作为高光谱通道,基于2015 年5～12 月昆明的探空资料进行正、反演仿真实验。选取微波成像仪/ 探测仪(SSMIS)的9 个温度探测通道进行对比实验,评估分析反演效果。实验结果表明:在大气3～10 km 高度范围内,高光谱通道的反演精度较SSMIS 提高了0.3 ～0.6 K;在0～3 km 高度范围内,反演精度提高了1 K。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.