聚硅氧烷交联剂与掺杂SiO2协同增强RTV硅橡胶的研究

研究了新型聚硅氧烷交联剂(PCA)与沉淀法SiO2协同增强室温硫化硅橡胶及其增强机理.发现PCA的引入可有效降低PCA/SiO2/PDMS硅橡胶的黏度,提高硫化胶的拉伸强度,保持良好的扯断伸长率,体系中原位生成的SiO2粒子和掺杂的SiO2粒子与PDMS聚合物之间有强烈的相互作用,协同补强效果好.     

常压干燥法制备SiO2气凝胶粉体

以工业硅溶胶为原料,通过凝胶过程与干燥条件的控制,采用常压干燥法制备了SiO2 气凝胶粉体,并考察了老化液中正硅酸乙脂(TEOS)含量和干燥控制化学添加荆甲酰胺的添加对气凝胶粉体堆积密度、比表面积和孔径分布的影响.结果表明:所得气凝胶粉体具有纳米多孔结构,组成气凝胶结构的基本粒子呈圆球形,粒径为10～25 nm,由基本粒子连接而成的网络结构具有5～50 nm的孔径分布;随着热处理温度从常温升至1 100℃,SiO2气凝胶从最初的无定形态转化为方石英;在,TEOS的醇溶液中老化,有利于增强凝胶骨架的强度;添加甲酰胺可以改善气凝胶粉体的孔径分布,提高其比表面积.     

纳米二氧化硅的制备与表征

本文以正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)为前驱物,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了SiO_2纳米粉体。并用FT- IR、SDTA、XRD、TEM表征了所制备的SiO_2纳米粉体的结构和形貌。结果表明SiO_2纳米粒子呈球状,粒径在50～100nm范围内,分布均匀,呈无定形态。     

Generation of Silica Nanoparticles from Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) Vapor in a Diffusion Flame

Silica (SiO2) nanoparticles were synthesized by the gas phase thermal oxidation of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) in a laminar diffusion flame reactor. Characteristics of the formation of silica nanoparticles along the axial distance above the burner outlet were investigated. Effects of maximum flame temperature, TEOS concentration, residence time, and water vapor on the particle size were also investigated. Silica nanoparticles less than 20 nm in average particle diameter were synthesized in all of the experiments. Morphological changes of particles were found along axial distance above the burner outlet; many small aggregates of particles (dp = ～ 7 nm) were found up to 2 cm, isolated smaller particles ( dp = ～ 5 nm) at 4 cm, and aggregates of bigger particles (dp = ～ 10 nm) at 10 cm. Larger particles at higher TEOS concentrations are generated in the flame synthesis. As the maximum flame temperature increased, the average particle size of silica also increased. Smaller particles were produced with decrease of the residence time of TEOS vapor in the flame. The average particle size decreased with the injection of water vapor to the flame.     

纳米二氧化硅填充PVDF聚合物微孔膜的研究

以丙酮及N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为混合溶剂、聚偏氟乙烯为成膜物质、纳米二氧化硅为填料,通过溶液共混法制备了聚偏氟乙烯/二氧化硅(PVDF/SiO2)复合微孔薄膜。研究发现,溶剂组分质量比对薄膜力学性能有重要影响,当m(丙酮)∶m(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)=19∶1时,薄膜力学性能最佳,其拉伸强度为3.26 MPa;经纳米SiO2改性后,复合薄膜力学性能随SiO2质量分数的增大先提高后降低,在w(SiO2)=20%时,薄膜拉伸强度达最大值6.36 MPa;复合薄膜孔隙率随SiO2质量分数的升高而增大,当w(SiO2)=40%时,孔隙率达最大值113.9%。     

纳米二氧化硅颗粒表面设计及其填充聚氯乙烯复合材料的性能

利用表面原位接枝聚合在纳米二氧化硅颗粒表面引入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)高分子链段,用共混法制备了nano-SiO2/PVC复合材料,研究了不同界面特性时SiO2/PVC复合材料的力学性能.研究结果表明通过表面原位接枝聚合反应可以在纳米二氧化硅颗粒表面接枝聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯;表面接枝PMMA的nano-SiO2/PVC复合材料在力学和加工性能等方面都优于偶联剂处理和表面未处理样品.在纳米二氧化硅颗粒填充量为0%～8%(wt)时,复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度随着填充量的提高先上升后下降,并在4%～6%(wt)达到最大值.经PMMA表面接枝后SiO2/PVC具有更强的界面作用,偶联剂KH570处理的次之,表面未处理样品的最差.     

新型氨基化磁性纳米粒子的合成

通过嫁接方法在包有二氧化硅的纳米CoFe2O4磁粒表面进行氨基化修饰,制备出一种可用于生物医学领域的新型氨基化纳米磁粒,采用TGA-DTA,IR,VSM和Zeta-potential等测定方法,对氨基化和未氨基化的CoFe2O4纳米粒子进行了表征。元素分析结果显示,有0.98 mmol/g的有机分子固定在纳米粒子表面;红外和热分析数据显示,带氨基的有机分子嫁接到磁粒表面的二氧化硅壳层上;Zeta电位数据也显示,带氨基的有机分子嫁接到纳米磁粒表面;样品的磁性参数显示,氨基化纳米磁粒仍具有好的磁学性能。     

Synthesis of High‐purity Solid SiO2 Nanodumbbells Via Induced Aggregation for Levitated Optomechanics

Silicon - Optically levitated nanodumbbells in vacuum are excellent candidates for thermodynamics, macroscopic quantum mechanics, precision measurements and quantum sensing. Silica (SiO2) material,...     

SCL@SiO2纳米颗粒制备及其稳定Pickering乳液的研究

用共轭亚油酸钠（SCL）在SiO2纳米颗粒表面吸附,得到表面改性的SiO2纳米颗粒,然后在80 oC条件下通过热聚合引发SCL分子自交联,从而稳定SCL@SiO2纳米颗粒的SCL层并改善表面润湿性。通过Zeta电位表征手段证实SCL吸附在SiO2纳米颗粒表面。以SCL@SiO2纳米颗粒作为单一乳化剂制备液体石蜡的Pickering乳液,结果表明该Pickering乳液比传统乳液更稳定。由于SCL@SiO2纳米颗粒的SCL层比简单吸附脂肪酸的SiO2改性颗粒更稳定,且粒径会随着pH的变化而发生变化,因此由其稳定的Pickering乳液具有一定的pH响应性。     

聚酰胺酰亚胺/二氧化硅复合材料的制备及性能

将二氧化硅(SiO_2)纳米颗粒用阳离子表面活性剂——十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)修饰后,加入到含有L–丙氨酸的新型光学活性聚酰胺酰亚胺(PAI)中,采用新型超声波空化技术,制备出一种功能性的PAI/SiO_2复合材料。研究了SiO_2纳米颗粒含量对复合材料的复合情况和耐热性能的影响。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、热重分析仪等对复合材料的结构、表面形貌和热稳定性进行表征。结果表明,SiO_2纳米颗粒与PAI成功复合;当SiO_2纳米颗粒含量为10%时,复合材料的表面形貌最佳,SiO_2纳米颗粒均匀分散在PAI基体中;复合材料失重10%时,热分解温度可达410℃,800℃下的残炭率为45.0%,极限氧指数为35.5%,热稳定性有了一定的提升。     

纳米铁酸锌(ZnFe2O4)的表面改性

采用化学修饰方法,以二氧化硅为内层修饰材料,r-氨丙基三甲氧硅烷(APS)偶联剂为外层修饰材料,对磁性ZnFe2O4纳米粒子进行了双层修饰。并采用XRD、IR、Zeta电位对未包裹粒子,二氧化硅包裹的磁纳米粒子,APS和二氧化硅双层包修饰的纳米磁粒进行表征。同时也比较了三种粒子的耐酸性能。结果显示硅包裹的纳米磁粒Zeta电位明显向酸性方向移动,而双层的纳米磁粒Zeta电位向碱性方向移动。包裹的纳米磁粒在pH2.0的酸中具有很好的耐酸性能,而未处理的纳米粒子在酸溶液中发生了溶解。     

RAFT与点击化学结合合成SiO2/PNIPAm杂化微球

利用可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合与点击化学相结合的方法,将大分子链末端含巯基的聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAm-SH)接枝到SiO2纳米粒子上制备了温度响应的SiO2为核、PNIPAm为壳的核-壳结构的SiO2/PNIPAm纳米杂化微球。采用FTIR、热重分析(TGA)、透射电镜(TEM)和动态光散射(DLS)对SiO2/PNIPAm杂化微球进行了表征。结果表明,SiO2/PNIPAm杂化微球粒径约为286 nm,尺寸均一。热重分析表明,PNIPAm接枝率为87%(质量分数),PNIPAm分子链在SiO2粒子上的接枝密度为0.4分子链/nm2。杂化微球表现出明显的温度响应性,温度从25℃升至35℃时,杂化微球粒径从286 nm减小至268 nm,PNIPAm壳层的厚度从16 nm减小至7 nm。     

粉煤灰对制备钙基脱硫剂水热固相反应的自催化研究

文章利用扫描电子显微镜/能量色散谱研究了粉煤灰对水热固相反应及脱硫反应的自催化作用.粉煤灰表面纳米级的SiO<,2>、Al<,2>O<,3>、CaO微粒为形成硅铝酸钙的核心提供良好的原料;大量纳米级多余的SiO<,2>不断插入硅铝酸钙的结晶体中,在一定程度上控制了反应速度,形成了粗大纤维状的水合硅酸单钙((CaO)·S...     

Synthesized graphene oxide and fumed aerosil 380 dispersion stability and characterization with partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide

Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM)is a commonly used polymer for the chemicals,mining and refining processes of hydrocarbon but suffers from a persistent high-temperature instability problem.In contrast,the nanoparticle suspension remains a technical challenge because of the strong interactions of van der Waal forces within nanoparticles,which always encourage aggregation.This research sought to improve nanoparticles(NP)stability and polymer(HPAM)rheological properties to improved hydrocarbon recov-ery by utilizing synthesized graphene oxide(GO)nanosheets and fumed Aerosil 380 Silica oxide(SiO2).The aqueous nanocomposites based on HPAM-GO and HPAM-SiO2 in aqueous polymeric solutions have been developed,and its viscoelastic and static behaviour is studied.The results imply that by adding fumed silica NP,the viscoelastic behaviour of HPAM is marginally improved,particularly in high temper-atures and salinity,however,the inclusion of GO's significantly improves the viscosity and stability of the base polymer fluid at high temperatures.The Fourier data for the transformation of the infrared spectrum confirmed that the hydrogen bonding formed between HPAM carbonyl groups and silica NP surface sila-nol functionality and covalent interlinking of electrostatic h-bonding between HPAM and functional GO contributed to the improved stabilization and improved rheological performance that helps to recover high salinity and temperature hydrocarbons.     

二氧化硅粒子对热塑性木薯淀粉稳定性能的影响

通过添加二氧化硅(SiO2)到木薯淀粉(TPS)中,采用熔融共混法制备热塑性TPS/SiO2复合材料,研究复合材料的吸水性、生物降解性和熔融行为。结果表明,随着SiO2添加量的增加,TPS吸水率呈下降趋势,且添加经过硅烷偶联剂(KH550)表面处理后的纳米SiO2比未处理的吸水率低。随着生物降解时间的增加,TPS/SiO2复合材料的生物降解率提高;随着SiO2用量的增加,TPS的生物降解率呈下降变化,且SiO2表面处理后能明显提高TPS的生物降解性。随着SiO2用量的增加,TPS的熔融峰增加,且添加SiO2表面处理后的TPS熔融峰比未经表面处理的SiO2高。     

水胶比对高强砂浆早期收缩特性的影响

通过设计4种不同水胶比(0.18、0.21、0.24、0.27)的高强砂浆试样,研究掺入等量硅粉和羧酸基高效减水剂时不同水胶比对高强砂浆试样的单轴抗压强度、化学收缩、自收缩和干燥收缩的影响.试验结果表明:高强砂浆的早期收缩比较明显,其化学收缩和干缩与水胶比正相关,试块抗压强度和自收缩与水胶比负相关;掺入的硅粉发生二次水化,能够提升砂浆抗压强度,增加收缩量;掺入的羧酸基高效减水剂增加了水泥的凝结时间,但一定程度减少了砂浆试样的早期收缩.     

整体型微孔-大孔Silicalite-1@SiO2的制备与表征

以整体型柱撑式大孔聚合物为模板,制备出由SiO2纳米薄膜构筑的具有三维连续贯通孔道结构的整体型大孔SiO2,通过Silicalite-1前驱体溶液浸渍,在水热条件下制得不同规则形状的整体型Silicalite-1@SiO2材料.用SEM、XRD、MIP(压汞法)和BET技术对材料进行了表征.结果表明:Silicalite-1@SiO2的大孔孔径主要分布在0.5~1 μm之间,大孔SiO2孔壁上原位生长出直径为100~200 nm的Silicalite-1纳米颗粒,Silicalite-1纳米颗粒与大孔SiO2孔壁通过化学键结合到一起.水热晶化10 h的Silicalite-1@SiO2样品在保证整体型SiO2机械稳定性的同时达到最高结晶度,其比表面积(352 m2/g)和微孔体积(0.088 cm3/g)与整体型大孔SiO2相比均明显提高,并且Silicalite-1@SiO2具有很好的苯酚吸附性能.     

Critical Examination of the Role of Silica Nanoparticle Dispersions in Heat Transfer Fluid for Solar Applications

Silicon - Silica nanoparticles are eco-friendly with high heat transfer potential due to their low-cost synthesis, abundant natural resources, and mass production. Silica nanoparticles with...     

内嵌SiO_2纳米颗粒的超大孔复合晶胶的制备(英文)

Supermacroporous composite cryogels embedded with SiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by radical cryogenic copolymerization of the reactive monomer mixture of acrylamide(AAm) and N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide(MBAAm) containing SiO2 nanoparticles(mass ratios of nanoparticles to the monomer AAm from 0.01 to 0.08) under the freezing-temperature variation condition in glass columns.The properties of these composite cryogels were measured.The height equivalent to theoretical plate(HETP) of the cryogel beds at different liquid flow rates was determined by residence time distribution(RTD) using tracer pulse-response method.The composite cryogel matrix embedded with the mass fraction of SiO2 nanoparticles of 0.02 presented the best properties and was employed in the following graft polymerization.Chromatographic process of lysozyme in the composite cryogel grafted with 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid(AMPSA) was carried out to evaluate the protein breakthrough and elution characteristics.The chromatography can be carried out at relatively high superficial velocity,i.e.,15 cm·min-1,indicating the satisfactory mechanical strength due to the embedded nanoparticles.     

CdSe/SiO_2荧光微球的制备及其荧光性能(英文)

利用Stber法制备了CdSe/SiO2荧光微球。用透射电子显微镜,共聚焦显微镜和X射线衍射测试荧光微球的形貌和晶体结构;用荧光光谱表征荧光微球的荧光性能;用动态-静态激光散射仪表征荧光微球的尺寸分布。结果表明:CdSe量子点被包裹在SiO2微球内,并形成了具有良好荧光性能的CdSe/SiO2荧光微球,其荧光性能与合成工艺条件有着显著的相关性。