Thermal Field Modeling and Experimental Analysis in Laser-Assisted Machining of Fused Silica

Silicon - Fused silica, a high-strength brittle material, is widely used in optical, aerospace, and laser industries. However, a high-efficiency and high-quality machining method for fused silica...     

Response Surface Modeling and Optimization of Gelcast Fused Silica Micro Hybrid Ceramic Composites

Silicon - In the current work, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was effectively implemented to the technique of fabrication of fused silica (SiO2) advanced hybrid ceramic composites using...     

Parameter Optimization of Rotary Ultrasonic Machining on Quartz Glass Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

In the current research, rotary ultrasonic machining was used to drill holes in quartz material. The effect of different RUM parameters namely tool feed rate, tool rotational speed and ultrasonic power on material removal rate and surface roughness has been studied experimentally. The response surface methodology with central composite design has been used to design the experiments. From the desirability approach, the optimum setting of the rotary ultrasonic machining parameters was found to be the tool rotational speed of 4968 rpm, feed rate of 0.55 mm/min, and ultrasonic power of 80% for achieving the maximum MRR of 0.2135 mm3/s and minimum SR of 0.3685 μm. Microstructure analysis of the machined surface was performed by using scanning electron microscopy in order to study the mechanisms of material removal under the different settings of RUM parameters. It was observed that at very low feed (0.08 mm/min) and high rpm (5681) the material is predominantly removed by plastic deformation whereas at high feed (0.92 mm/min) and low rpm (2318) the material is removed by brittle fracture.     

Optimization of Vegetal Pear Drying Using Response Surface Methodology

The aim of this work was to optimize the drying process of vegetal pear and minimize energy resources (cost) under prefixed limits involving vegetal pear moisture, color, and productivity. The optimization of vegetal pear drying was made by using response surface methodology (RSM) for minimum process cost and color difference between fresh and dried samples (moisture ≤0.10 g water g d.m.^?1). A pilot-plant dryer was used for dehydrating vegetal pear slices (0.5 cm thickness). The tests were carried out at different air temperature (60 to 70°C), samples diameter (4 to 7 cm), and pretreatment with ascorbic acid solutions (0–0.1% w/w). The optimum drying conditions were found at air temperature of 63°C with 5-cm sample diameter and 0.075% of ascorbic acid concentration. On the optimized drying conditions, dried vegetal pear presented values with moisture content of 0.052 g water g d.m.^?1, color difference of 11.65, production rate of 0.0073 kg h^?1, and total cost of $30.58/kg dried product^?1     

Optimization of Phospholipid Nanoparticle Formulations Using Response Surface Methodology

The present study deals with the optimization of phospholipid liposome formulations to mimic red blood cells. Optimization of different concentrations of distearylphosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylserine at a fixed concentration of lecithin and Tween^® 80 was done using response surface methodology. The optimized formulation produced liposomes with a particle size in the range of 112–196 nm. The optimized formulation shows low encapsulation efficiency at low levels of insulin but increases at higher loading levels. Formulated vesicles fulfill the size requirement for intravenous drug delivery. The present system is environmentally friendly with respect to biodegradability and biocompatibility.     

Optimization of Food Waste Bioevaporation Process Using Response Surface Methodology

A proven bioevaporation process was used to treat food waste (FW) by mixing ground FW with biodried sludge (BS). Organic loading (OL), moisture content (MC), and air flow rate (Q_g) showed significant influences on FW bioevaporation performance. Single-parameter experiments for MC and Q_g were conducted and ranges were determined to be 55–67 wt% and 0.04–0.14 m³/kg TS_mixture · h, respectively. In order to optimize the FW bioevaporation process, a central composite design (CCD) and response surface method (RSM) were applied over the preselected ranges of OL (0.00–0.16 kg VS_FW/kg TS_BS), MC (50.91–71.09 wt%), and Q_g (0.01–0.17 m³/kg TS_mixture · h). The results indicated that OL of 0.06 kg VS_FW/kg TS_BS, MC of 59.2 wt%, and Q_g of 0.09 m³/kg TS_mixture · h were the optimal conditions for the FW bioevaporation process. Water evaporation of 123.1% and VS degradation of 108.4% were obtained under these estimated optimal conditions.     

Optimization of Gate all-around Junctionless Transistor Using Response Surface Methodology

Silicon - In this paper, a response surface methodology (RSM) –custom design based multiobjective optimization approach is proposed to optimize the electrical behaviour of n-type and p-type...     

基于响应面法的纳他霉素生产菌株发酵培养基优化

为提高纳他霉素的发酵产量,采用单因素实验和响应面分析法(RSM)对纳他霉素(Streptomyces natalensis HW-2)生产纳他霉素的发酵培养基进行优化。通过单因素实验筛选出最佳碳源为葡萄糖,氮源为酵母浸出粉和牛肉膏,最佳氧载体为大豆油;利用Design-Expert 8.0.6软件对以上因素进行优化,得到培养基组成为:葡萄糖45 g/L,酵母浸出粉4 g/L,牛肉膏9 g/L,大豆油37 m L/L。在该条件下,纳他霉素产量达到2 210 mg/L。     

Optimization of Enzymatic Synthesis of Phytosteryl Caprylates Using Response Surface Methodology

Phytosterols are known to lower total blood cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. However, low solubility of phytosterols in edible oils and their high melting point limit their use in food products. Esterification of phytosterols with fatty acids will render them higher solubility in oils and lowers their melting points. In this work, caprylic acid (C8:0) was selected for the esterification process because it serves as a rapid energy source with little or no deposition in the body and is often recommended by nutritionists for the treatment of candidiasis due to its antimicrobial properties. Here optimization of enzymatic synthesis of phytosteryl caprylates using response surface methodology (RSM) was investigated. The optimization process used a face-centred central composite design (CCD) and under optimized conditions (9.25 h, 2.15 substrate mole ratio, and 7.93% enzyme load) the resultant conversion yield was 98%.     

响应面法优化羧甲基壳聚糖的制备工艺

以壳聚糖(CTS)和氯乙酸为原料,合成了羧甲基壳聚糖(CMC)。采用红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱(1HNMR)、环境扫描电镜(ESEM)和X-射线衍射(XRD)对其结构进行了表征。考察了氯乙酸用量、碱液浓度、碱化时间和反应温度对其O-位取代度(Y_1)和N-位取代度(Y_2)的影响。并在单因素实验的基础上,利用响应面法Box-Behnken实验设计原理中的BBD数学模型,优化了壳聚糖羧甲基化的工艺参数。结果显示:制备羧甲基壳聚糖的最佳工艺条件为,氯乙酸用量5.71 g、w(NaOH)=54%、碱化时间7 h、反应温度40℃。在此工艺条件下,得到产物的Y_1=0.721 3,Y_2=0.285 7,与回归模型的预测结果很接近,相对误差值为0.22%和0.27%。     

响应面分析法优化木材微波液化的工艺研究

以醇解的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)饮料瓶为液化剂,甘油为辅助液化剂,微波辅助加热,用2.5%H2SO4催化液化木材。采用Design-Expert7.1软件对木粉微波液化试验进行了方案设计和试验结果分析。选取液化温度、液化时间、液固比和微波辐射加热功率等四个因素进行中心组合设计;运用响应面法对木材微波液化工艺参数进行优化,得到了综合液化率与试验影响因素之间的定量数学关系模型,以及各个单因素和交互作用对液化率的影响结果,给出了木粉液化率的残差分布以及不同操作变量之间的综合液化率等值线和三维关系。木粉的微波液化实验最优条件为:反应时间10.51min,液固质量比3.93,液化温度154.7℃,微波辅助加热功率3.71kW,该条件下能使木粉完全液化。     

Optimization of Preparation Conditions for PDMS-Silica Composite Pervaporation Membranes Using Response Surface Methodology

In this article, response surface methodology was used to optimize the preparation conditions of fumed silica filled polydimethylsiloxane/cellulose acetate composite membranes. The silica loading, polydimethylsiloxane concentration, and NH₂-C₃H₆-Si(OC₂H₅)₃/silica weight ratio were considered as factors. Two regression equations, which described the effects of the three factors on the permeation flux and selectivity of the membranes, were derived from the results of 20 experiments by using a statistical software Design-Expert 7.1.4. The results revealed that the three factors had important effects on the permeation flux and the selectivity. The obtained regression equations were confirmed with another four groups of experiments. According to the regression equations, for the separation of an ethanol aqueous solution with the concentration of 10 wt%, the maximum selectivity of the membrane, 11.5 could be obtained at the feed temperature of 40°C, and the corresponding permeation flux was 197.3 g · m^?2 · h^?1. The preparation conditions for making the composite membrane with the above separation performances were: the silica loading was 5.21 wt%, the polydimethylsiloxane concentration was 13.36 wt%, and the NH₂-C₃H₆-Si(OC₂H₅)₃/silica weight ratio was 0.59.     

Optimization of Ozonation Process for Disinfection of Dental Unit Waterlines Using Response Surface Methodology

ABSTRACT

The reduction of microbial contamination in dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) appears to be necessary because of a potential risk of infections in immunocompromised patients and medical staff, which are regularly exposed to water and aerosols generated from DUWLs. In the present study, the qualitative and quantitative microbial contamination of water in DUWLs were determined and the conventional biomedical diagnostic tests were applied to identify microorganisms. A 3-level, 2-factor central composite design was utilized to investigate the effects of chief operating parameters and optimize ozone disinfection conditions. Also, the activity of three disinfectant (ozone, NaOCl, and peracetic acid) in microbial decontamination of DUWLs were compared. The results indicated that Microbacterium laevaniformans were the most prevalent genera (21%) among both Gram-negative and positive species in all samples. Regression analysis illustrated the good fit of the experimental data to the predicted model with R² and R²_adj correlation coefficients of 0.988 and 0.980, respectively. Moreover, under the optimal circumstances (Ozone concentration = 1.2 ppm and reaction time = 13.5 min) the disinfection efficiency was 97.52%. The results also revealed that ozone was effective disinfectant to reduce prevalent genera (with the removal of 93.75%, 92.57% and 96.15% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Microbacterium ?laevaniformans, and Alcaligenes faecalis, respectively) and already formed biofilms under optimum conditions. Based on achieved results, ozone was highly effective on microbial decontamination compared to peracetic acid and NaOCl disinfectant and can be used for disinfection of DUWLs.     

Optimization of the Microencapsulation of Lemon Myrtle Oil Using Response Surface Methodology

Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the effects of types of wall materials (modified starch + maltodextrin and whey protein concentrate + maltodextrin), feed concentration, oil concentration, and outlet air temperature on oil retention and surface oil content of the encapsulated powder. The results revealed that the oil retention was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the constant term of types of wall materials and the linear term of feed concentration but seemed to be almost independent (P > 0.05) of experimental range of oil concentration and outlet air temperature. The types of wall materials, oil load, and outlet air temperature showed a significant (P < 0.05) influence on surface oil content. The types of wall materials (Hi-Cap and WPC) also influenced significantly the oil retention and surface oil content. Based on the limited range of experimental conditions used in this work, it was not possible to choose the wall materials that can give both high oil retention and low surface oil content. Disregarding the effect of wall material, an optimum response was obtained at 40% of feed concentration (w/w), 18% of oil concentration, and 65°C of outlet air temperature.     

响应面法优化煤焦油电脱盐工艺

在单因素实验基础上采用响应面分析法的中心组合设计原理优化了煤焦油电脱盐、脱水工艺。优化得到的工艺条件为:电脱温度110.97℃,电场强度983.06 V/cm,破乳剂注入量9.65μg/g,水注入量9.11%,脱金属剂注入量30μg/g,电脱总时间8 min。电脱后煤焦油中的金属含量为24~25μg/g,水份小于300μg/g,固体杂质小于400μg/g,符合加氢原料油的进料要求。     

Optimization of Process Parameters Using Response Surface Methodology for Enrichment of Rice Bran Oil

Contamination of rice bran with the husk adversely affects the efficiency of an oil extraction process. The efficient separation of husk from the rice bran prior to an oil extraction process is of great benefit. In the present work, a three-factor-three-level Box–Behnken design of experiments combining Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is being employed to optimize the air classifier parameters. Three independent variables (i.e., wheel speed ranging from 800 to 1200 RPM, guide vane angle ranging from 13 to 65°, and the feed rate ranging from 12 to 24 kg/h) are consecutively coded as x₁, x₂, and x₃ at three levels (i.e., ?1, 0, and 1). Models were developed to demonstrate the effect of each parameter and their interaction effects on the responses. The second-order polynomial regression equations were derived from the data to predict the classifier cut size and the percentage of oil content. The significance of independent variables and their interactions are being tested by the analysis of variance at 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). The predicted values of responses obtained from the models were in good agreement with the experimental values. For the improvement of the oil extraction process, a pre-concentration methodology by a circulating air classifier is demonstrated and recommended to the industry for optimal separation of the rice bran/husk.     

响应曲面法优化小麦秸秆纤维素酶水解条件

利用响应曲面试验设计方法(RSM),选择底物质量分数、酶投加量、温度、pH值及水解时间为试验因子,还原糖(RS)产率为响应值,考察小麦秸秆纤维素酶水解过程中各影响因子对还原糖产率的影响,对小麦秸秆纤维素酶水解条件进行优化。结果表明,所考察的5个影响因子对还原糖产率均具有显著影响(p<0.05)。所得回归方程R² 值为 0.946 9,p<0.05,变异系数(C_V)值为4.37%,足够精度值为26.396,说明模型高度显著,可以在设计范围内对响应值进行预测。模型预测最佳水解条件为底物质量分数8.0%,酶投加量为35 FPU/g(以秸杆质量计),温度50 ℃,pH值5.4,水解时间96 h。利用最优水解条件进行验证试验,所得还原糖产率为60.73%,水解液中葡萄糖和木糖质量浓度分别为31.84和 16.74 g/L。     

Optimization of Microwave-Vacuum Drying Parameters of Saskatoon Berries Using Response Surface Methodology

A combined microwave and vacuum system was used to dry the Saskatoon berries (Amelanchier alnifolia). A central composite rotate design and response surface methodology were used to determine the influence of process variables (microwave power, drying time, and fruit load) and arrive at optimal processing conditions to reduce the moisture content and water activity of the berries to a safe level. It is concluded that the yield of moisture content and water activity can be reduced to 20% and 0.50, respectively, for microwave power 5.7–6 kW, drying time 51.5–55 min, and fruit load 10–9.75 kg.     

Optimization of Lipase Production by Burkholderia sp. Using Response Surface Methodology

Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the extracellular lipase production by Burkholderia sp. HL-10. Preliminary tests showed that olive oil, tryptone and Tween-80 exhibited significant effects on the lipase production. The optimum concentrations of these three components were determined using a faced-centered central composite design (FCCCD). The analysis of variance revealed that the established model was significant (p < 0.01). The optimized medium containing 0.65% olive oil (v/v), 2.42% tryptone (w/v) and 0.15% Tween-80 (v/v) resulted in a maximum activity of 122.3 U/mL, about three fold higher than that in basal medium. Approximately 99% of validity of the predicted value was achieved.     

Supercritical CO2 Extraction Optimization of Onion Oil Using Response Surface Methodology

Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the conditions of supercritical CO₂ extraction of the oil from freeze‐dried onion powder. The effects of pressure, temperature and extraction time on the yield of oil were investigated. The maximum extraction yield of 4.69 ± 0.04 g/kg dry basis was achieved at a pressure of 20.6 MPa, a temperature of 40.6 °C, a time of 260 min, a CO₂ flow rate of 22 L h^–1, and an entrainer ratio of 0.1 mL absolute ethanol per gram dry basis. The chemical composition of the oil was analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The most representative compounds of the essential oil were organosulfur‐containing compounds and, among these, the main constituents were methyl 5‐methylfuryl sulfide (18.30 %), methyl 3,4‐dimethyl‐2‐thienyl disulfide (11.75 %) and 1‐propenyl propyl disulfide (9.72 %).