树立城市森林建设理念 构建山水宜居城市

通过张家口市城市森林的建设,探讨了城市森林建设的意义,针对森林建设的紧迫性,确立了城市森林建设的思路,阐述了张家口城市森林建设的实践与成果,以积累城市森林建设经验,创造城市森林建设新的行之有效的发展模式.     

健康城市背景下城市森林空间规划研究—以天府新区成都直管区为例

科学合理的城市森林空间规划是实现城市健康发展的核心.以公园城市首提地—天府新区成都直管区为例,聚焦现状城市森林破碎化程度较高及各类用地交叉重叠等现实问题.基于MSPA方法提取城市森林空间要素,构建森林源地、森林节点及森林廊道有机组合的网络化森林空间布局.并进一步探索基于第三次全国国土调查数据的空间落地方法,创新提出保护...     

长白山6 种主要森林类型地表凋落物燃烧性实验研究

以长白山黄松蒲林场6 种主要森林类型林地内凋落物为对象,研究长白山林区地表凋落物的燃烧性。在长白山黄松蒲林场的白桦林、针叶混交林、针阔混交林、落叶松林、阔叶混交林和杨树林6 种主要森林类型林地内设置样地,通过外业调查、混合采样的方式收集地表凋落物并进行燃烧实验,测定火蔓延传播的速度、燃烧温度和质量变化。通过改变实验风速、坡度和坡向,研究不同条件对火行为、火蔓延速度和烧损率的影响。实验结果表明：长白山地区地表凋落物的火强度从大到小排序为白桦林、针叶混交林、针阔混交林、落叶松林、阔叶混交林、杨树林,白桦林的火强度最大,为460.23 kW/m,杨树林的火强度最小,为367.09kW/m;风速越大,地表凋落物火蔓延速度越大;风速为6 m/s 时,燃烧过程平均温度最大,烧损率最高,当风速小于2 m/s 或大于8 m/s 时,可燃物无法完全燃尽;上坡火坡度增加时,地表凋落物的火蔓延速度增加,烧损率减小;下坡火坡度增加时,地表凋落物的火蔓延速度减小,烧损率增加。     

2000-2020 年中国森林火灾研究进展分析

为了解我国森林火灾相关的发展现状和研究方向。对中国知网（CNKI）数据库中2000-2020年的林火研究文献运用文献计量法进行统计分析,借助CiteSpace绘制知识图谱,并采用关键词聚类、关键词突现和时线图相结合的方法来分析前沿热点关键词。结果表明,森林火灾论文研究主题主要为森林火灾发生规律及影响因素、森林火灾管理、森林火灾预防、大兴安岭;作者之间需加强合作研究;未来研究热点可总结为森林防灭火研究,包括林火预测预报、生物防火林带、森林火险。研究对结果进行了分析,可使学者加深对这一领域的整体认识,并对未来研究热点进行展望。     

Biomass Characteristics of the Arbor Layer in Different Stands of the Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest

In this paper, the Pinus massoniana forest in the early stage of succession, the coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest in the middle stage of succession, and the evergreen broad-leaved forest in the late stage of succession were studied, and the biomass and its spatial distribution characteristics of the tree layer in different succession stages of the ecosystem were discussed. The results showed that the biomass of the arbor layer was the highest in the evergreen broad-leaved forest, which was 292.51 t/hm~2,followed by the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, which was 206.87 t/hm~2, and the Pinus massoniana forest, which was 171.76 t/hm~2. The biomass of trunks accounted for the largest proportion in the total biomass of the arbor layer, which reduced from the Pinus massoniana forest to the evergreen broad-leaved forest. The proportion of the biomass of roots in the total biomass of the arbor layer increased from the Pinus massoniana forest to the evergreen broad-leaved forest. The biomass of the diameter class above 20 cm in the Pinus massoniana forest, the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and the evergreen broad-leaved forest accounted for a large proportion of total biomass.     

城市森林研究进展

分析了城市森林研究的意义、城市森林的概念、国内外城市森林的研究状况 ,认为我国城市森林研究有待深入 ,目前应加快开展城市森林现状、区域森林植被演替规律、城郊森林植被恢复重建、城市森林发展规划等领域的研究工作     

基于因子分析的森林康养空间评价 指标体系研究

森林康养空间是开展康养活动、建立森林康养基地的基本单元。通过4组轮回专家问卷与因子分析法,收集229份问卷,筛选并构建森林康养空间评价指标体系。结果表明:1)以康养功能为核心、森林康养空间为目标的评价指标体系包含3个一级指标、6个二级指标和22个三级指标;2)森林环境资源与森林空间特征是评价森林康养空间的决定性条件;3)森林康养空间特征主要体现在环境舒适性、设施便捷性与空间规模性3方面;4)改善空气负离子浓度、空间可达性、设施保健功能适宜性、道路联通性、设施服务半径覆盖度和森林气候舒适度等指标可以显著提升森林康养空间康养效果。本研究成果能为森林康养空间规划设计及康养效果优化提供一定的理论支撑。     

林火科学知识体系构建的现状和发展

介绍林火研究各专业领域的工作,总结近年来林火研究涉及的林火基础理论、林火预防、预报与监测预警、火灾扑救及风险评估、林火管理与恢复重建等内容。分析我国林火科学学科发展的现状与问题,探索性地提出包括4个子学科的林火科学体系的学科构架,为教学和科研提供借鉴,从拓展领域、规划预防体系、建立风险评估体系、提示应急救援效率等方面对林火研究提出展望。     

Effectiveness Evaluation of the Construction of the Natural Forest Resources Protection Project in Haikou Forest Farm of Kunming

The current situation about the natural forest resources protection project in Haikou Forest Farm of Kunming on the protection of forest resources, forest fire prevention, forest administration resource management, forest pests, and money management was briefed. Achievements made in the implementation of natural forest protection project in Haikou Forest Farm were analyzed, and problems existing in the project as well as corresponding countermeasures were expounded.     

Human Comfort of the Inner and Outer Fokienia hodginsii Forests in Summer

This study analyzed the microclimate factors and human comfort index of the inner and outer Fokienia hodginsii forests and of a city square.The results showed that:(1) In terms of the average daily temperature, the inner and outer forests and the city square ranked as follows: square > outer forest > inner forest.The temperature of the inner forest was 8.21–11.73 ℃ lower than that of the city square, and the temperature of the outer forest was 7.41–10.34 ℃ lower than that of the city square.The inner forest was cooled by 24.21% and 1.37% respectively than the outer forest and the city square.(2) In terms of the average daily relative humidity, the inner and outer forests and the city square ranked as follows: square < outer forest < inner forest.The average daily relative humidity of the inner forest, the outer forest, and the city square was 68.57, 84.91, and 88.27, respectively.(3) In terms of the average daily wind speed, the inner and outer forests and the city square ranked as: square > outer forest > inner forest.Their daily variation ranges were 0–0.75, 0.18–0.43, and 0.12–0.31 m/s, respectively.(4) In terms of the daily average illumination intensity, the inner and outer forests and the square ranked as: square > outer forest > inner forest.Their average daily illumination intensities were 371.68, 4,582.01, and 17,641.63 lux, respectively.     

北京城市森林公园类型初探

让森林进城,让公园下乡。北京市近年来着力打造三级城市森林公园体系,为市民提供多层次、多选择的宜居生态环境。在此背景下对城市森林公园的概念进行解读,分别对新城滨水森林公园、近郊郊野公园、中心城区城市休闲森林公园三种城市森林公园类型进行初步的探究,并在此基础上对未来北京市森林城市的建设提出一些建议。     

森林火灾救援空地一体化指挥体系设计

鉴于森林火灾的社会影响和我国森林火灾救援的现实需要,研究构建利于促进空地协同的森林火灾救援指挥体系。分析了森林火灾救援现状,论述了传统层级式森林火灾救援指挥体系的不足。结合OODA循环理论和协同决策理论,按照“信息感知-灾情研判-科学决策-调度执行”的基本思路,设计一种促进空地联动的空地一体化指挥体系,支持救援各方共享统一、动态的火场图景,提升森林灭火作战指挥效能。基于信息化、人工智能等技术,设计了包括数据支撑子系统、数据融合子系统、指挥调度决策子系统的森林火灾救援指挥信息系统。研究成果可为增强我国森林火灾救援指挥能力提供理论参考。     

城市森林景观营建初探——以上海市为例

"将森林引入城市,让城市坐落在森林中",是当今城市生态建设的发展趋势。如何营建适应城市发展,健康稳定的城市森林生态系统,又能艺术地再现城市自然森林群落特征、从整体上展示地域风貌的城市森林景观,是一个全新而又迫切需要解决的问题。以上海市为例,在对上海城市森林营建现状进行分析的基础上,从城市森林营建的理论基础、营建内容,营建步骤等方面对城市森林景观营建进行探讨。     

在新林区建设中大力发展林区道路的必要性

通过对林区道路现状的分析,阐述了在新林区建设中大力发展林区道路的必要性,并对今后林区道路建设及养护管理提出了可行的建议及对策,对于促进山区林业经济发展、方便林区群众生产生活具有重要的意义。     

基于共生理论的城市森林保护与开发研究——以四川广元市南山发展模式为例

城市森林是指城市地域内以森林绿地为主的各种树木总和.城市森林对城市发展有着多方面的价值,也会使城市发展损失一些土地开发所带来的商业机会.四川广元市南山城市森林保护和开发战略以共生理论为指导,通过挖掘和创造共生单元(广元城区与南山)之间共生条件,形成城市--南山共生发展的战略模式,使南山战略性地发展成为"南山旅游商务区(RBD)--森林公园"共生体,实现城市森林与城市之间互动发展.     

森林疗养

森林疗养是近年来新兴的一种以康复保健功能为目标的景观类型。本文在概括了德、日、韩三国森林疗养现状的基础上,梳理出森林在现代社会中对人类身心健康的作用,分析森林疗养的功能和类型,总结出森林疗养园的规划体系。探寻我国森林疗养实施与发展的方法和策略,对提高森林资源多功能利用、发展区域经济、增进居民健康和提高市民的环境保护意识有着重要的意义。     

Increase in carbon emissions from forest fires after intensive reforestation and forest management programs

This paper shows an example of substantial increase in carbon emissions from forest fires after reforestation on a national scale. It is the first estimation of historical carbon emissions from forest fires in Korea during the last 40 years. Investigation was focused on the recent increase in large forest fires and its closely related factors. A simple modeling approach to estimate carbon emission was applied. The direct carbon emission from forest fires in 2000, ranging from 115 to 300 Gg C, corresponds to 1-3% of the annual carbon uptake by forests. The influence of forest fires on the carbon cycle in Korea is not so significant, but Korean forests have a large potential for generating severe local fires due to increasing forest carbon density and a high forest area ratio (forest area/total land area) of 65%. The carbon emission per area burned (Mg C ha(-1)) clearly reflects the trend toward increases in the number of severe fires. Statistical analyses and the trends of annual temperature and precipitation show that the recent large increase in carbon emissions may be the negative consequences of intensive forest regrowth that is the product of successful reforestation and forest management programs rather than the effect of climate change. These results imply a need for further studies in other countries, where large-scale plantation has been conducted, to evaluate the role of plantation and forest fires on the global carbon cycle.     

Diurnal Variation of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles in the Phyllostachys heterocycla Forest in Spring

Taking the Phyllostachys heterocycla forest in Qishan National Forest Park of Fuzhou for example, this study observed the diurnal variation of atmospheric aerosol particles in the forest in the growing season.The results showed that:(1) The diurnal variation curves of the particle concentration of the forest and the forest edge had "two peaks and two troughs", but the peaks and troughs of the forest edge were advanced or delayed.The concentrations of the particles in the forest and at the forest edge had two peaks at 11:00–13:00 and 17:00–19:00 and two troughs at 7:00–9:00 and 15:00–17:00.(2) For the forest and the forest edge, the diurnal variation trends of the particles of different particle sizes were generally similar, except that the peaks and troughs of fine particles were slightly earlier or lagging than that of coarse particles.(3) The concentrations of the particles were positively correlated with temperature, humidity and light, and negatively correlated with wind speed, and the concentrations of the particles at the forest edge were significantly negatively correlated with wind speed.     

从“森林”思想的视角看当代日本建筑空间

日本的森林文化是日本文化的重要背景,对日本建筑师的空间创作有着潜移默化的影响。当代很多日本建筑师所创作的很多空间都有着森林文化的缩影,不确定性、匀质、暧昧、连续等词经常用来形容当代日本空间,而以森林文化为积淀的“森林空间”其实包含了上述的种种特性,也很可能是这些空间的原型。森林文化依托“森林空间”所表现的平等与循环往复的思想也可以被理解为很多建筑师所追求的最终空间精神状态与境界,这可以成为我们理解当代日本建筑空间的一个视角。     

Analysis of Eastern Mediterranean Oak Forests Over the Period 1965–2003 Using Landscape Indices on a Patch Basis

Although Eastern Mediterranean forests have been exploited for many years, the changing trends in the past 40 years require detailed investigations. Forests in the coastal zone of Lebanon are witnessing major changes mainly because of chaotic urbanisation. The study area at the coastal zone of Lebanon has 96% of its forest cover under oak coppice. The aim of this study is to investigate the applicability of landscape indices on oak forests especially their ability to detect changes between 1965 and 2003. It uses forest canopy closure as another indicator of forest destruction. The 1965 forest map was first checked for its accuracy before being used to extract patch delineations and canopy closures. Landcover types for 2003 were obtained by classifying a SPOT 5 satellite image. FRAGSTATS software was utilised on the 1965 map on a patch basis to calculate patch shapes and sizes. These indices and canopy closures data were investigated for correlation purposes with patterns of forest loss. The edge distances between forest patches in 1965 and new forest patches in 2003 were computed to analyze regeneration processes. Results show that although older forest patches have shown a 48% loss in area, total forest area reached 83%. Abandoned agricultural lands have become new forest. Smaller forest patches (< 40 ha) showed greater losses than large ones. Small and open forest patches recorded greater loss than large and dense patches. Shape indices show no correlation with forest loss. Clearance for agriculture covered 30% of the pre-existing forests, while urban developments accounted for just 4% of forest loss. This research highlights the great need for comprehensive studies of forests using landscape analyses. Such analyses help managers develop practical and relevant conservation measures.