p-on-n长波、甚长波碲镉汞红外焦平面器件技术研究

As注入掺杂的p-on-n结构具有暗电流小、R₀A值高、少子寿命长等优点,是长波、甚长波碲镉汞红外焦平面器件发展的重要趋势。介绍了由昆明物理研究所研究制备的77 K温度下截止波长为9.5 μm、10.1 μm和71 K下14.97 μm 的p-on-n长波、甚长波碲镉汞红外焦平面器件,对器件的响应率、NETD、暗电流及R₀A等性能参数进行测试分析。测试结果表明,器件的有效像元率在99.78%~99.9%之间,器件的NETD均小于21 mK。实现了p-on-n长波、甚长波碲镉汞红外焦平面器件的有效制备。     

环孔工艺的碲镉汞长波红外576×6焦平面探测器组件

碲镉汞长波红外576×6焦平面探测器组件是高性能热像仪的核心组件.本文中作者完成了碲镉汞长波红外576×6焦平面探测器组件的设计,利用环孔技术制备出576×6焦平面探测器芯片,经过杜瓦封装、配斯特林制冷机后成为实用的探测器组件.性能参数测试表明:典型的探测率达到1.79×1011cm Hz1/2/W,非均匀性达到14.6%,盲元率达到6.0%,并完成探测器组件的实验室演示成像.     

中/长波双色二类超晶格红外探测器技术

双波段红外探测器是第三代焦平面探测器发展的重要方向之一,二类超晶格材料由于其优异的光电性能而成为制备双色红外探测器的优选材料之一。本文报道中长波双色二类超晶格器件结构设计、材料外延、读出电路设计、芯片加工、组件化等方面研究进展,通过对刻蚀以及钝化工艺进行了优化,制备出性能良好的640×512中长双色二类超晶格红外探测器,主要指标实现像元中心间距20μm,读出方式同时读出,中波波段3.5～4.8μm,长波波段7.5～9.5μm,噪声等效温差中波28.8mK、长波38.8mK,响应率非均匀性中波4.52%、长波7.89%;盲元率中波1.2%、长波1.3%,并完成成像演示,成像质量良好,为双色红外探测器工程化应用奠定了基础。     

320×256锗基中波碲镉汞红外焦平面探测器研究

报道了分子束外延锗基中波碲镉汞薄膜材料以及320×256锗基中波碲镉汞红外焦平面探测器研究的初步结果。利用分子束外延技术基于3英寸锗衬底生长的中波碲镉汞薄膜材料,平均宏观缺陷密度低于200 cm-2,平均半峰宽优于90 arcsec,平均腐蚀坑密度低于2.9×106 cm-2;采用标准的二代平面工艺制备的320×256锗基中波碲镉汞红外焦平面探测器,平均峰值探测率达到3.8×1011cm·Hz1/2W-1,平均等效噪音温差优于17.3 mK,非均匀性优于6.5%,有效像元率高于99.7%。     

通用红外测试系统的精度分析

采用美国PI、Santa Barbara红外和Lumitron的红外测试设备,进行系统集成,构建成了通用的红外测试系统.它既能完成1 024×1 024元以下任意像元数的中波红外和长波红外焦平面阵列性能参数的测试,又能完成中波红外和长波红外热像仪系统级性能参数的测试,具有很好的适用性及技术的先进性.中波红外热像仪的测试结果NETD=15.8 mK,与CEDIP的结果15.13 mK相差0.67 mK.测试精度为±1.49 mK.长波制冷红外焦平面阵列探测器的测试结果NETD为26.47 mK,与Sofradir的结果24.43 mK相差2.04 mK,测试精度为±1.63 mK.     

中/长波切换工作模式的双色量子阱红外焦平面研制

报道了中/长波切换工作模式的双色量子阱红外焦平面研制。通过特殊设计的器件和读出电路结构,获得了可对中波波段和长波波段选择的切换架构。突破了双色量子阱材料、器件以及读出电路等关键技术,研制出384288规模、25 m中心距双色量子阱红外焦平面探测器。在70 K条件下器件性能优良,噪声等效温差为28 mK(中波)和30 mK(长波),响应峰值波长分别为5.1 m(中波)和8.5 m(长波)。室温目标红外成像演示了探测器的双色探测功能。     

大动态范围、高灵敏度红外焦平面数字像元读出电路技术（特邀）

长波红外探测器一直以来受到读出电路电荷存储容量的限制,导致信噪比、动态范围和灵敏度都难以提升,制约了长波红外成像系统的发展和应用。文中对比分析了模拟像元和数字像元读出电路技术,介绍了数字像元焦平面的发展现状和主要架构。采用脉冲频率调制方案设计了384×288（25 μm）和256×256 （30 μm）两款数字像元读出电路,其中比较器设计提高了功耗效率和强壮性,并耦合碲镉汞探测器形成长波数字焦平面探测器组件进行测试,结果与国内外相关工作进行比较分析,峰值噪声等效温差分别达到3.4 mK和1.9 mK,动态范围达到96 dB。测试结果表明,数字像元技术显著提升了长波红外焦平面的灵敏度和动态范围,是提高红外探测器性能的有效途径。     

640×512规模碲化汞量子点中波红外焦平面阵列(特邀)EI北大核心CSCD

中波红外成像在军事侦察、遥感测绘、航天航空等领域发挥了重要作用。现有中波红外焦平面主要采用碲镉汞、二类超晶格、锑化铟等块体半导体材料,其性能优异、稳定性高。然而,其复杂的材料制备及倒装键合工艺限制了块体半导体焦平面阵列的批量化制备及低成本应用。胶体量子点作为一种新兴液态半导体材料,具有光谱调控范围“宽”、合成规模“大”、制备成本“低”、以及加工工艺“易”等优势,为新型红外焦平面阵列研发提供了全新的思路。碲化汞量子点采用“热注法”合成,并通过旋涂方法实现与硅基读出电路的直接电学耦合,阵列规模及像元间距为640×512及15μm。在80 K工作温度下对焦平面阵列进行了性能测试,碲化汞焦平面阵列响应截止波长达到4.6μm、比探测率为2×10^(10)Jones、噪声等效温差51.26 mK(F#=2)、响应非均匀性3.42%且有效像元率高达99.99%,展现了较好的成像性能,为非倒装键合体制中波红外成像焦平面的制备提供了新的方案。     

环孔工艺的碲镉汞长波红外576×6焦平面探测器组件

碲镉汞长波红外576×6焦平面探测器组件是高性能热像仪的核心组件．本文中作者完成了碲镉汞长波红外576×6焦平面探测器组件的设计,利用环孔技术制备出576×6焦平面探测器芯片,经过杜瓦封装、配斯特林制冷机后成为实用的探测器组件．性能参数测试表明：典型的探测率达到1．79×10^11cmHz^1/2／w,非均匀性达到14．6％,盲元率达到6．0％,并完成探测器组件的实验室演示成像．     

高工作温度中波红外碲镉汞焦平面研究

该文报道了昆明物理研究所高工作温度中波红外碲镉汞焦平面探测器器件的研究情况。通过优化焦平面器件结构参数,采用As离子注入形成p-on-n平面结器件技术,在液相外延生长的高质量原位In掺杂的碲镉汞薄膜上制备了阵列规格为640×512@15μm的中波红外焦平面探测器。利用变温杜瓦测试了焦平面芯片在不同工作温度下的光谱响应、器件暗电流、噪声等效温差、有效像元率以及盲元分布等,测试结果表明器件具备180K以上工作温度的能力。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks     

Call for Papers—Feature Topic,Vol.12,No.7,2015

正Information Centric Networking Information-Centric Networking(ICN) is an emerging direction in Future Internet architecture research,gaining significant tractions among academia and industry.Aiming to replace the conventional host-to-host communication model by a data-centric model,ICN treats data content as the first