冷中子荧光屏光输出图像仿真计算

冷中子照相是一种新型的中子照相技术,国内对冷中子照相技术的研究尚处于起步阶段。冷中子荧光屏是冷中子照相的关键组件,对冷中子荧光屏的仿真方法进行了研究,分析了冷中子与荧光屏的作用机制,建立了仿真计算模型,得到了荧光屏的点扩散函数(PSF),最终实现了设定样品下荧光屏输出光强分布图像的仿真计算。     

热中子层析照相的仿真技术探索研究

热中子照相技术在检测含氢材料、重金属样品等方面是X射线等其它无损检测技术的有益补充,热中子层析技术研究在国内尚是空白,实验研究条件欠缺且代价高昂,通过仿真研究再过渡到实验研究,将有效降低研究成本,提高研究效率.文章根据中子层析照相基本原理,设计模拟样品,采用MCNP仿真计算的方法获取了样品中子投影图像,利用C++Builedr研发中子层析数据获取程序和反投影滤波算法层析重建程序,重建了样品二维断面图像,样品二维断面图像与实际样品一致,证明了所采用的仿真研究流程合理可行,为中子层析照相技术的深入研究奠定了基础.     

基于改进Richardson–Lucy算法的中子照相图像几何不锐度修正方法研究

中子照相系统因其特定的成像结构,使得成像后的中子照相图像不可避免地存在几何不锐度。为提升中子照相图像的质量,本文提出一种基于改进Richardson–Lucy算法的中子照相图像几何不锐度修正方法,该方法首先根据几何不锐度的形成原理构建点扩散函数,然后通过拉普拉斯算子和中值滤波方法去除图像中的γ白斑噪声,最后采用Richardson–Lucy算法对图像进行复原。采用线对模板样品进行测试,并与4种现有的中子照相图像几何不锐度修正算法进行对比,验证了本文算法可将衡量中子照相图像几何不锐度修正效果的平均梯度、空间频率指标分别提升60.23%和29.90%,能够实现几何不锐度的修正,同时解决图像复原过程中γ白斑噪声的放大问题,为实现高分辨率的中子照相提供重要技术支撑。     

中子照相∑定量测量方法

本文描述了一种利用中子照相进行定量分析的方法,介绍了该方法的基本原理,并应用粒子输运程序MCNP模拟分析样品内部散射中子随样品与探测器之间距离变化对中子成像的影响.为削弱散射中子对中子透射成像图像信息的影响,对穿透样品的厚度进行了定量分析.     

热中子照相的MCNP数值模拟初步研究

中子照相的数值模拟在中子照相技术研究中有着重要的作用。介绍了MCNP程序在数值模拟中子照相中的应用,给出了样品的模拟图像结果,并利用MCNP模拟分析了散射中子对中子照相成像结果的影响,对以后的中子照相实验具有指导意义。     

能量选择法中子照相技术

能量选择中子照相是近年来新兴的中子照相技术,具有广泛的潜在应用前景。介绍了能量选择中子照相技术的基本原理,比较分析了机械速度选择器法、双晶单色器法、飞行时间法以及超镜和晶体过滤器结合法4种获取单色中子束的方法。介绍了能量选择中子照相技术在增强图像对比度、应力测量、织构分析以及相变过程研究等方面体现的优异特性和应用潜力。     

基于可移动紧凑加速器D-T中子源的热中子层析实验研究

中子照相是十分重要的无损检测方法之一,尤其是针对含氢材料、同位素等的无损检测,中子照相技术具有其他射线成像不可比拟的优势。中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所基于紧凑型D-T中子源,研发了可移动中子成像检测仪,成功实现了热中子照相和快中子照相实验检测。为确定基于该装置开展热中子层析检测的可行性,本文进行了数值模拟计算,利用该仪器开展了针对轻重材料模拟件的热中子层析成像实验,利用采集的181幅投影图像,在图像信噪较低和采集幅数较少条件下,成功重建了铝和聚乙烯材料包裹下的0.2 mm直径的钆丝。     

SPRR-300反应堆在线中子照相技术初步研究

简要描述了在线中子照相技术的特点,较详细阐述了SPRR－300反应堆在线中子照相中中子束的获取、转换屏的选择、微光成像系统和图像采集与处理系统的构成,并对在线中子照相实验结果进行了分析。     

小型源热中子照相装置准直慢化系统设计

小型中子源中子照相技术具有便携性强,应用范围广的优点,在检测一些较大或难以移动的样品时较固定式(反应堆中子源)中子照相系统具有优势.采用MCNP软件对一小型中子源中子照相装置的热中子准直屏蔽系统进行了理论设计,确定中子慢化体由238U和聚乙烯构成,辅以石墨反射层和硼聚乙烯吸收层,经优化计算,预计成像处热注量率达104 ...     

利用中子CT技术定量分析钛合金含氢量的理论研究

钛合金机械性能受氢含量的影响,由于中子与氢反应截面相对于钛合金基底要大得多,因此中子照相技术在钛合金氢含量定量分析中具有潜在应用价值。为将中子照相技术应用于钛合金含氢量定量分析中,提出了通过钛合金标准件与含氢样品的中子CT图像获取氢分布状况的方法;推导出计算钛合金含氢量的公式,并通过蒙特卡罗方法模拟了不同厚度、不同含氢量的钛合金来验证该公式的正确性。     

Slowing Down of Neutrons to Very Low Temperature by Cold Solid Hydrogenous Moderators

The slowing down of neutrons to very low energy has been examined with particular reference to cold neutron production. The neutron spectrum formed in very cold light water ice has been measured with time-of-flight technique. It is observed that at extremely low temperature the neutron temperature is much higher than the moderator temperature, whereas in the intermediate range of temperature the neutron temperature does not differ much from the moderator temperature.

It is suggested that there is a limiting neutron temperature below which it does not fall, even when the moderator temperature drops further. This observation can lead to information on the nature of the mechanism for removing small amounts of energy from slow neutrons in cold solid hydrogenous moderators. By using a simplified model for the cold solid hydrogenous moderators, it is shown that low frequency lattice vibrations play an important role in producing cold neutrons. Also, quantitative analysis indicates that while the cold neutron temperature depends only slightly on the neutron absorption, the gain in cold neutron flux is strongly affected by the neutron absorption.     

CARR堆冷中子瞬发伽玛活化分析系统及实验研究

利用中国先进研究堆（CARR）在国内首次开展了冷中子瞬发伽玛活化分析（CNPGAA）实验,采用定制加长的电制冷高纯锗（HPGe）探测器和先进的数字多道谱仪DSPEC®-502进行测量,获得了NH₄Cl样品中元素冷中子瞬发伽玛谱和本底谱等数据,同时利用伽玛放射源¹⁵²Eu、¹³⁷Cs、⁶⁰Co以及NH₄Cl产生的瞬发伽玛射线对探测器在宽能区0.1~8 MeV进行能量刻度。为降低环境辐射本底,HPGe探测器外围采用环形锗酸铋（BGO）康普顿谱仪,10 cm铅以及含⁶Li和¹⁰B材料对中子束流准直屏蔽。此外,利用金片活化法测量了CARR堆运行功率为15 MW时有无冷源情况下冷中子导管B(CNGB)末端1 m处的中子注量率,结果显示有冷源时中子注量率可提高一个量级。     

Spallation neutron sources: Basics,state of the art,and options for future development

The paper outlines the physics of the spallation reaction and the resulting rules of thumb with respect to neutron yield, heat deposition, and energy distribution. Technical problems and performance expectations are discussed on the basis of two high beam power spallation neutron source projects, namely, the German SNQ Project (not funded) and the Swiss SINQ Project (under construction). Since both of these projects were designed mainly for thermal neutron scattering application, emphasizing the production of a high flux of moderated neutrons, an alternative conceptual design is presented which, while still allowing the extraction of cold and thermal neutron beams, also offers the opportunity of placing samples into positions where the neutron spectrum has changed only very little due to transport in matter. The anisotropy of the high-energy neutron field can be taken advantage of to select, to some extent, how much of the high energy component will be seen by the specimens. No technical design concept exists so far for a spallation neutron source for fusion materials test purposes, and more detailed studies would be required to assess its value and usefulness. However, a source for combined use for different purposes seems to be feasible without too many compromises.     

中国先进研究堆中子飞行时间谱仪的设计与建造

中子飞行时间谱仪是用于中国先进研究堆上可直接测量冷、热中子能谱的实验装置。介绍了该谱仪的结构和谱仪关键部件的参数选择,分析了机械斩波器狭缝与限束狭缝对脉冲中子束中子数和宽度的影响,得出与中子波长相关联的脉冲中子束中子数和宽度的公式。根据高注量率中子束能谱测量的需求,通过选择低灵敏探测器、加载探测器狭缝、选择多道时间分析器获取数据,保证漏计数率小于0.5%。设计了探测系统电子学线路,给出系统总分辨时间为22.15～29.46 μs。     

Investigation of ortho↔para hydrogen conversion by collisions with neutrons

Liquid hydrogen (LH) is constituted by para hydrogen (pH) and ortho hydrogen (oH) molecules. We analyzed the neutron scattering cross sections for pH→oH, pH→pH, oH→pH, and oH→oH reactions in LH. Results show that incident neutron energy lower than 14.7 meV is not sufficient to achieve pH→oH conversion. As energy increases, the cross section of pH→oH reaction increases sharply. If incident neutron energy is larger than 30 meV, branching fraction of pH molecules being converted into oH molecules upon inelastic scattering with the neutrons approaches 100%. As for the opposite process, branching fraction of oH→pH conversion is 10%–20% when incident neutron energy is lower than 30 meV. This conversion fraction oscillates with increasing incident neutron energy, eventually stabilizing at 30%. Based on the cross sections of the four reaction channels, we calculated the corresponding conversion rates based on a reactor cold neutron source model. There is 0.12% pH molecules of LH moderator would be converted to oH for one month operation . If neutron flux increased by 2 orders of magnitude, more than 10% pH would be transformed into oH, which means relative conversion rate of pH→oH induced by neutron inelastic scattering is not negligible.     

Thermal neutron cross-section libraries for aromatic hydrocarbons

Solid phases of aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene, mesitylene and a 3:2 mixture by volume of mesitylene and toluene, were studied as potential moderator materials for a cold neutron source. Existing information on the (lattice) translational and rotational modes of the different molecular species was used to produce generalized frequency spectra; the latter included the internal vibrational modes which in turn involved the analysis of the weights of the different modes.Cross-section libraries were generated in ENDF and ACE formats for hydrogen bounded in those materials at several temperatures, and were used in Monte Carlo calculations to analyze their neutron production compared with standard cryogenic materials like liquid hydrogen and solid methane, the best moderators in terms of cold neutron production. In particular, cross-section libraries were generated at 20 K, which is a typical operating temperature for the majority of the existing cold neutron sources.It was found that those aromatic hydrocarbons produce neutron spectra which are slightly warmer than that of solid methane while presenting a high resistance to radiation, conforming in this way a new and advantageous alternative to traditional moderator materials.     

冷中子三轴谱仪的整体配置和主要部件的参数设计

从冷中子导管系统的实际情况出发,以程序模拟为主要手段,通过计算和分析得到最重要的设计参数：可用中子波长范围、样品处束流强度和能量分辨率。在这些参数的基础上,结合实际给出了谱仪的整体配置以及主要部件的部分参数,如能量和动量转移范围、单色器和分析器的起飞角范围和嵌镶角、样品台散射角、准直器的准直度及本底和剂量要求等。     

Effect of Cold Neutrons on the Neutron Pulse and Wave Propagations in Crystalline Media

With the view to contributing information on the effect of cold neutrons on neutron pulse propagation and on die-away phenomena and phenomena related to neutron wave propagation, measurements of propagating pulse shapes in graphite and lead prisms were carried out with 300°K water moderated and 77°K ice moderated sources. Corresponding theoretical analyses were also performed, with use made of the successive iteration method, and a coupled two- group theory based on the distributed source diffusion equation was developed.

As a result, it was established that: (a) infiltrating cold neutrons below Bragg-cut-off energy, which has a sharply peaked pulse head, produce peculiarly shaped pulse propagation responses from detector; (b) the resonance phenomena observed in wave propagation can be fairly well explained as due to the interference between the thermal neutron group and the infiltrating cold neutron group, the cold neutrons in question being those below the Bragg cutoff energy in the case of graphite, and in the case of lead those below 0.01 eV; and (c) in the analyses related to resonance phenomena in graphite, the experimental characteristics are more consistently represented in the results of calculations using the BNL-325 data as compared to those using the UNCLE data for the total cross section below the Bragg cut-off.     

石墨双晶单色器性能检验及应用

中子能量选择成像作为一种前沿中子成像技术,可实现传统白光中子照相技术无法实现的功能,如研究工程材料中的晶粒分布、应变/应力分布、织构测量和相变分析等。本文依托中国先进研究堆(CARR)上的中子成像测试平台,在国内首次研制了石墨双晶单色器,建立能量选择中子成像技术。飞行时间实验测试结果表明,该双晶石墨单色器在选择4×10^-10 m的中子时波长分辨率可达2.6%,优于3.0%的设计指标。虽然在冷源未开启的实验条件下该石墨双晶单色器产生了较多的次级中子,但基于现有条件开展的镍基高温合金的中子能量选择成像实验能清楚分辨特定取向微晶粒的形貌及分布。结果表明研制的石墨双晶单色器可在CARR上开展能量选择成像实验,随着未来CARR冷源的开启,次级中子数量降低,中子束流品质进一步提高,将开展高质量的中子能量选择成像实验。     

基于金活化片的单球谱仪研制及能谱测量

中国先进研究堆(CARR)H-8水平孔道是提供中子的实验孔道,可以提供稳定的辐射场,对于不同的中子实验,其所需的中子能谱谱形不同,准确测量中子能谱具有重要意义。为测量H-8水平孔道中子能谱,研制一种以金活化片为热中子探测器的被动式单球中子能谱仪,使用MCNP程序对10^-11～15 MeV能区的中子能量响应进行计算,并分析能量响应的合理性。在CARR堆导管大厅对单球谱仪进行测试实验,使用高纯锗探测器测量各金活化片活度,使用UGA(unfolding based on genetic algorithm)解谱程序对实验数据进行解谱计算。结果表明,导管大厅出射中子能量在10^-9～10^-6 MeV范围内,单球中子谱仪可以较为精确的给出中子能谱数据,适用于CARR堆H-8水平孔道中子能谱测量研究。