变频式差胀涡流传感器的研制

为了配合汽轮发电机组状态监测系统中的差胀测试要求,研制了变频式差胀涡流传感器.介绍了变频式涡流传感器的工作原理,根据测出的位移与频率的关系数据,提出了一种线性化数学模型.设计了传感器测量电路,探讨了消除材料敏感性的方法,并对变频式差胀涡流传感器进行了标定和相关性能测试.该传感器的优点是可以提供频率和电压两种信号输出,频率输出可以有效提高信号传输的抗干扰能力,便于数据采集和处理,而电压输出则可以直接得到位移量.现场实验结果表明,变频式差胀涡流传感器分辨率和精度高,抗干扰能力强,性能稳定可靠.     

基于COMSOL Multiphysic电涡流传感器的仿真和设计

电涡流探头是电涡流传感器的核心部件。本文从电磁场理论出发,通过二维有限元法构建电涡流探头模型,运用COMSOL Multiphysic软件对电涡流探头的电磁特性进行仿真,研究线圈结构对电涡流传感器性能的影响。依据仿真设计一种反射式环形结构电涡流传感器探头,并进行实验验证。     

电涡流传感器性能优化关键技术

电涡流传感器因具备无损检测、非接触测量等优异特性,广泛应用于工业生产等各领域中的微量位移测量、导电介质缺陷检测以及设备运行状态监测。然而,受限于线圈结构参数优化、检测电路创新设计和测量误差动态补偿等技术瓶颈,现有电涡流传感器普遍存在灵敏度欠佳、线性度不足、突变温度场下检测精度亟待提升等突出局限,直接制约着其在各类极限环境下高精度检测领域的推广应用。为此,在深入剖析和系统总结国内外电涡流传感器研究与应用现状的基础上,聚焦线圈结构、检测电路以及误差补偿方法,重点探讨了优化其核心性能的基本原理与关键技术,并对相关研究的发展趋势进行了初步构想与展望,以期为多维度提升传感器性能、根源促进其发展应用提供有效借鉴。     

自感式磁浮轴承位置传感器

根据电磁轴承的工作原理及结构特点,提出利用磁轴承线圈的差动电感替代电磁轴承系统中的涡电流位置传感器,简化了系统结构。推导了该自感型传感器的传输关系．通过实验得到了它的线性度．同时,可排除电磁场对涡电流位置传感器的影响．论证了该自感型传感器在电磁轴承系统中的可行性,提高了系统性能。     

Blind sensing [eddy current sensor]

Describes a precise and accurate noncontact measuring device based on eddy currents. It is based on the principle that when an oscillator induces an eddy current in an electrically conductive target, the circuit loses energy. It works at high speeds, is nonoptical and is impervious to variations in temperature and other ambient conditions (oil, dirt, water, electromagnetic fields etc.). Electrical runout (inhomogeneity) disturbs the propagation of the eddy currents and affects the transducer output, which in turn results in noise and degraded resolution, but this effect can be reduced by an appropriate design. The sensors are used for various measurements, including distance, thickness, deflection, position, eccentricity, shaft run-out, imbalance, lubrication gap, vibration, deformation, valve stroke, compression gap, wear, shaft oscillation, shaft elongation and centring. The sensor has frequency output distance measurement; thickness measurement; deflection measurement; position measurement; eccentricity measurement; shaft run-out measurement; imbalance measurement; lubrication gap measurement; vibration measurement; deformation measurement; valve stroke measurement; compression gap measurement; wear measurement; shaft oscillation measurement; shaft elongation measurement; centring measurement;     

A miniaturised sensor for deep hole diameter measurement

A miniaturised displacement senor for deep hole measurement is reported in this paper. By exploiting the induced eddy current effects detected by chip coils, the sensor generates a ’digital’ signal. The sensor chip coil can be manufactured by the similar processes to those used for manufacturing a printed circuit board (PCB) which allows them to be miniaturised. The paper elaborates on the construction and mechanism by which the displacement is directly transferred to a frequency output. It also reports on the transducer, which uses two contact probes for transmitting the displacement to a noncontact sensing element. Experimental results demonstrate the stability, linearity, measurement range and accuracy of the sensor system.     

高温电涡流传感器感应探头的优化设计

为解决电涡流传感器探头在高温(600℃)环境中测量失效的问题,设计了一种感应探头结构,主要由低温共烧陶瓷基底和Ag线圈组成.首先分析涡流检测的原理和普通探头在高温下失效的原因,根据要求选择低温共烧陶瓷作为基底材料,为在一定区域内提高电感值将线圈设计为多层立体螺旋结构.通过电磁仿真和机械—热仿真确定线圈的形状、材料等,结...     

车轮踏面动态感应热成像缺陷检测方法研究

涡流脉冲热成像是一种新型的无损检测技术,具有检测速度快,灵敏度高,探测范围大的特点。为适应车轮踏面缺陷的动态检测,本文提出了一种适应车轮踏面廓形的矩形磁轭电磁感应激励传感结构。通过传感器结构的磁路模型推导,从理论上证明了传感结构的可行性。通过数值模拟计算分析了踏面表面检测区域的磁场与涡流场分布,并对比了矩形磁轭与直导线的检测结果。在此基础上,本文搭建了一套车轮自动探伤检测系统,能够实现65 mm/s速度下的缺陷动态测量。结果表明,设计的矩形磁轭传感结构可优化感应加热的均匀性,对车轮踏面浅表层疲劳裂纹(轴向表面开口)具有更好的检测结果。     

高温气冷堆外装式计数传感器的电磁场仿真

基于涡流检测原理的外装式计数器是HTGR的重要传感器,用于对燃料装卸系统中的过球信息进行检测.为验证计数器结构设计的合理性,该文基于有限元方法,利用ANSYS计算工具,通过建模、定义材料特性、划分网格、设置边界条件、加载以及求解等处理,对计数器检测线圈进行了二维谐波磁场数值模拟.仿真结果表明外装式计数器线圈设计合理,可实现过球检测功能.采用实际的计数器线圈进行实验,获得了理想的过球信号,验证了仿真结果.     

Coil impedance calculation of an eddy current sensor by the finite element method

An eddy current sensor utilizes the variation of coil impedance to perform the measurement of physical parameters, and the coil impedance is an important parameter for investigating the properties of an eddy current sensor. Therefore, the study of approaches to calculation of coil impedance is very important. In this paper, an integral expression for coil impedance with a magnetic substance is given directly. For the convenience of calculation of the coil impedance, this integral expression is further expanded in series form and the coil impedance is computed using Mathematica. Then, two different finite element models of the eddy current measurement system are built on the basis of the finite element modeling theory. The infinite boundary of model 1 is truncated. On the contrary, the infinite boundary of model 2 is simulated completely by an infinite element. The coil impedance and the magnetic distribution are obtained by the finite element method, respectively. The comparison shows that the result obtained by the finite element method is in good agreement with that of the theoretical calculation approach, which indicates the correctness and reasonability of modeling of the eddy current measurement system and calculation of the coil impedance by the finite element method. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

磁流变液传动装置时间响应特性

针对磁流变液传动装置扭矩调控过程中时间响应长问题,分析了励磁线圈、涡流和磁滞对磁路时间响应特性的影响机理,设计并搭建了磁流变液传动装置实验平台,开展了输出扭矩响应时间实验。理论分析和实验结果表明:改变励磁线圈参数和抽头数量可有效缩短电流响应时间;优化磁路尺寸和减小材料电导率可减小涡流影响;磁滞对响应时间影响显著,撤销线圈电流响应时间比施加电流时增加了一倍。     

Modeling and estimating for external characteristic of welding power source

A mathematical modeling method, theory and process based on measured data from the dropping external characteristic of a thyristor rectifier for arc welding power source have been introduced in this paper. The instance shows the model structure obtained with this method is simple and it can accurately denote the U–I characteristic for welding power. This model can also predict the self-adjusting performance of electric current and short circuit current parameters on different given conditions. This method can not only handle the post-process problem in measuring data, but it can make the limited measuring message be a more effective application.     

电涡流磨粒传感器磁场仿真研究

针对电感式磨粒传感器易受磨粒连续性影响和无法识别磨粒材质的问题,通过增大电感式磨粒传感器中磨粒的涡流作用,提出一种电涡流磨粒传感器。结合有限元软件ANSYS Maxwell建立电涡流磨粒传感器的仿真模型,并对不同材质和尺寸的磨粒进行仿真分析,验证电涡流原理在磨粒监测中的可行性。对不同激励频率及线圈内径的电涡流磨粒传感器进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明:电涡流作用可以识别磨粒尺寸,磨粒产生的涡流作用与磨粒尺寸成三次方关系;电涡流作用可以识别磨粒材质,不同材质的磨粒在相同的磁场环境中产生的涡流作用不同;线圈的激励频率越高,磨粒的涡流作用越大;线圈的内径越大,磨粒的涡流作用越小。     

铁磁性构件缺陷的脉冲涡流检测模式研究

针对铁磁性材料的脉冲涡流检测信号比较复杂的问题,建立脉冲涡流矩形传感器检测模型,提出了矩形探头中同时存在脉冲涡流与脉冲漏磁检测区域,并进行脉冲电磁检测的仿真分析,研究了缺陷和矩形探头轴线所呈角度的最佳检测位置。仿真和实验结果表明了矩形探头的脉冲涡流有效检测区域为探头正下方的边框区域,而脉冲漏磁有效检测区域为矩形线圈中心的正下方区域。脉冲涡流最佳检测点为矩形探头轴线与缺陷呈10°附近位置,而脉冲漏磁最佳检测点为矩形探头轴线与缺陷呈70°位置。     

基于虚拟示波器的涡流应力测量装置研制

为将涡流阻抗法应用于金属构件应力的快速测量,基于改进的矢量伏安法,采用虚拟示波器技术,研制出一套测量参数可控的便携式阻抗测量装置。实验测试了信号平均次数、电路采样电阻等对涡流传感器阻抗-频率特性曲线测量精度的影响规律,在优化参数条件下,研制的阻抗测量装置与Agilent 4294a的测试结果较为一致,相对偏差在±5%范围。将便携式装置应用于金属杆件的涡流应力测量:先后对45号钢杆和LY12铝合金直杆进行拉伸实验,测量粘贴于直杆上涡流传感器的阻抗变化,回归分析得到阻抗变化率与拉力的直线拟合方程(拟合优度大于0.9)。实验结果表明,基于虚拟示波器的阻抗测量装置可以基于涡流测力原理,实现金属构件应力的快速、有效测量。     

面向光纤熔融拉伸的电磁力施加装置设计与实验

设计了相应的电磁力施加装置以实现对超细径光纤熔融拉伸力的精确控制。采用有限元法分析不同线圈参数下电磁线圈与永磁铁之间电磁力的大小,获得电磁力与线圈各参数间的数学关系式。以拉伸系统性能要求及线圈骨架的外形尺寸为限制条件建立约束方程及目标函数进行优化求解,得到最优参数。在依据优化参数制作电磁线圈的基础上设计了电磁力控制电路,通过调节线圈电流精确控制电磁力。最后,进行电磁力施加装置性能实验。实验结果表明:光纤拉伸力的范围达到26.073 mN;光纤拉伸力的分辨率达到7.473 μN,满足超细径光纤熔融拉伸对拉伸力范围及分辨率的要求。     

Investigation of the magnetic field response from eddy current inspection of defects

Eddy current testing is one of the most widely used methods in non-destructive testing for the inspection of conductive materials. Numerical modelling of eddy current testing has emerged as an important approach alongside experimental studies. This paper investigates an application of numerical modelling and experimental study as a means of the quantitative non-destructive evaluation (QNDE) of defects in conductive samples. There are two methods of measuring eddy current response, more commonly by measuring the change in impedance of the eddy current probe coil, or as used in this work, by measuring the change in magnetic field directly using magnetic field sensors such as superconducting quantum interference devices, giant magneto resistance, or as in this case Hall sensors. Specifically, measurements made using an eddy current probe containing an excitation coil and a Hall sensor, experimentally obtained using an X?CY scanner table, are compared with a numerical (finite element method) model. The discrepancies between the experimental tests and the numerical models have been analysed and explained, which is an important factor in engineering applications of QNDE.     

电涡流传感器仿真开发与缺陷无损检测实验研究

金属表面缺陷电磁场分布情况是影响电涡流探测器灵敏度的主要原因。采用有限元方法和ANSYS工具,建立了电涡流探测器仿真过程中的有限元建模、材料特性定义、网格划分、边界条件设置、模型加载及模型求解等算法,对电涡流的电磁场分布进行仿真分析,并辅助设计电涡流探测器的线圈形状结构以及工作频率对传感器灵敏度的影响,并进行了实验研究,该技术可行,可指导电涡流探伤传感器优化设计和近表面缺陷无损检测。     

零磁通检测技术在100A直流电流源中的应用

文章对零磁通检测技术进行深入探讨,提出应用双探测线圈零磁通检测技术研制100A直流电流传感器的设计方案。该方案包括磁感应线圈和测量电路两个部分,测量电路单元包括交流激励电路、误差检测电路、精密伺服电流源电路。设计的直流电流传感器测量准确度为0.001%。     

发动机电磁气门驱动动态仿真与分析

用有限元法和集总参数法对一试验用电磁气门驱动（EVA）系统进行了动态仿真。在集总参数法中，根据牛顿第二定律和基尔霍夫电压定律分别建立EVA系统的动力学模型和电路模型，而把电磁力随气隙、电流的变化和电流随气隙、磁链的变化分别做成数据表。用集总参数法进行动态仿真，分析了EVA中电磁铁内涡流、励磁线圈电阻和电磁力对EVA动态工作特性的影响。两种仿真都与实验结果吻合较好，但集总参数法计算效率更高，且可仿真EVA的闭环控制过程。