低聚果糖功能因子的生产与应用

低聚糖是指2-10个单糖聚合而成的一类低聚物。低聚糖分为普通低聚糖（能被人体消化吸收）和功能性低聚糖（不能被人体消化吸收但能被体内有益菌如双歧杆菌利用）。普通低聚糖包括:蔗糖、乳糖、麦芽糖、麦芽三糖、麦芽四糖等;功能性低聚糖包括低聚果糖、乳酮糖、大豆低聚糖、龙胆糖、海藻糖、低聚木糖、低聚异麦芽酮糖、低聚乳果糖、低聚异麦芽糖、帕拉金糖、木蔗糖、棉子糖、水苏糖、低聚琼脂糖、低聚甘露糖、低聚壳聚糖、低聚果胶等。功能性低聚糖的主要功能表现在改善动物和人类肠道微生态,促进有益微生物（如双歧杆菌）的生长增殖,抑制有害物质的产生,抑制肠胃疾病的发生,保护肝脏功能,增强机体的免疫力,抵抗肿瘤,降低血清中的胆固醇,间接有利于宿主健康。 在过去的几十年里,国内外研究最多的功能性低聚     

橡子粉低聚异麦芽糖功能性实验分析

初步探究橡子粉低聚异麦芽糖的促双歧杆菌增殖功能及润肠通便功效。以橡子粉低聚异麦芽糖取代葡萄糖为碳源添加到双歧杆菌MRS培养基中,进行增殖实验及生长曲线的比较;对小鼠建立便秘模型组、空白对照组及低、中、高3个剂量组并进行小鼠排便实验及小肠推进实验。结果表明,橡子粉低聚异麦芽糖对青春双歧杆菌具有良好的体外促增殖作用。随着橡子粉低聚异麦芽糖添加浓度的增加,活菌数增加。当橡子粉低聚异麦芽糖替代葡萄糖且浓度为1.5%时,培养24 h后,青春双歧杆菌活菌数为(7.22±0.15)%,达到最大生长量,且使青春双歧杆菌提前进入稳定生长期;低、中、高剂量的橡子粉低聚异麦芽糖均能改善便秘小鼠润肠通便的功能,其中,中剂量的橡子粉低聚异麦芽糖效果较好。说明橡子粉低聚异麦芽糖有良好的促双歧杆菌增殖功能及润肠通便功效。     

低聚半乳糖概述及其功能效果原理分析

<正>在《功能性低聚糖通用技术规则》上,功能性低聚糖(functional oligosaccharides)的定义为:由2~10个相同的或不同的单糖,以糖苷键聚合而成(可以是直链,也可以是支链)。其具有糖类的特性,可直接作为食品配料,但是不被人体消化道酶和胃酸降解,不被(或难被)小肠吸收,同时具有促进人体双歧杆菌增殖等生理功能。功能性低聚糖有很多种类,包括:低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、低聚异麦芽糖、低聚木糖等。     

几种功能性低聚糖的综述

低聚糖,或称寡糖,是由3到9个单糖经过糖苷键连接而成的低度聚合糖。由于人体肠胃道内没有水解这些低聚糖的酶系统,因此它们不被消化吸收而直接进入大肠内,优先被双歧杆菌利用,是双歧杆菌的增殖因子。功能性低聚糖通常包括低聚异麦芽糖、低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、低聚乳果糖、耦合糖、低聚木糖、低聚壳聚糖、低聚龙胆糖、棉籽糖、水苏糖等。本文对集中低聚糖的甜度、稳定性、功能性进行了比较。     

低聚异麦芽糖的生理功能研究

低聚异麦芽糖是一种天然的生理活性物质,具有明显的增殖双歧杆菌的作用。本文主要研究了低聚异麦芽糖的生理功能,为其开发应用提供科学的依据。     

复配魔芋寡糖/低聚异麦芽糖增殖嗜酸乳杆菌的协同增效研究

魔芋寡糖最近被认定为新食品原料,具有良好的促进益生菌增殖作用,但其生产成本较高,妨碍商业应用。本研究利用成本较低的低聚异麦芽糖与魔芋寡糖进行复配,考察复配低聚糖对嗜酸乳杆菌增殖的综合效果。分别以不同浓度及不同分子量魔芋寡糖、低聚异麦芽糖、不同比率魔芋寡糖/低聚异麦芽糖复合物为碳源,进行嗜酸乳杆菌体外培养实验,采用OD值、菌落总数和p H值来评价嗜酸乳杆菌增殖效果。结果:低分子量魔芋寡糖增殖效果优于中高分子量魔芋寡糖,魔芋寡糖和低聚异麦芽糖最适添加量为2%。与添加单一低聚糖比较,复配低聚糖在1:1比率下,提高对嗜酸乳杆菌的增殖促进作用,且减缓发酵液酸度下降。因此复配寡糖能够有效降低生产成本,并且增强嗜酸乳杆菌增殖效果,更加适用于食品中。     

还原低聚异麦芽糖调节肠道菌群动物实验研究报告

还原低聚异麦芽糖是还原饴糖的一种,它以低聚异麦芽糖为原料,与其他糖醇一样,在高压的条件下,用氢还原制造而成的.产品是无色透明的液状,并含有70%的固体成分,也称低聚异麦芽糖醇.还原低聚异麦芽糖具有低聚异麦芽糖的所有生理功能.它能明显改善肠道微生态平衡及增殖双歧杆菌,改善肠胃功能,抑制病原腐败菌生长、减少肠内腐败物质、促进肠道蠕动、改善便秘、增强免疫力、降低血脂的功效.研究表明低聚异麦芽糖促使杆菌和双歧杆菌数量明显增加,肠杆菌和肠球菌数量明显减少,产气荚膜梭杆菌数量无显著变化,低聚异麦芽糖对小鼠体重无不良影响.     

双歧因子啤酒生产工艺

双歧因子啤酒是在啤酒生产过程中添加部分功能性低聚异麦芽糖,而低聚异麦芽糖能促进双歧杆菌的增殖。因而赋予了双歧因子啤酒一系列保健功能,如调节人体菌群失调、降低血脂、保护肝脏以及润肠通便等。     

用创新思维开辟低聚木糖应用新领域

正低聚木糖又称木寡糖,是由2~7个木糖分子以β-1,4糖苷键结合而成的功能性聚合糖。与通常人们所用的大豆低聚糖、低聚果糖、低聚异麦芽糖等相比,低聚木糖具有独特的优势,它可以选择性地增强肠道双歧杆菌的增殖活性:双歧因子功能是其它聚合糖类的10~20倍。基于低聚木糖具有的优良特性,其在众多领域拥有很高的应用价值。随着科学技术的进步,低聚木糖这一功能性食品配料的应用领域越来越广泛,其必将为人类健康谱写出更辉煌的篇章,     

低聚异麦芽糖调节肠道菌群及润肠通便作用的研究

为研究体外检测低聚异麦芽糖对长双歧杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌生长的影响及低聚异麦芽糖对BALB/c小鼠肠道菌群影响以及对便秘小鼠润肠通便的作用。采用不同浓度低聚异麦芽糖与葡萄糖作为培养基中的碳源,与碳源为葡萄糖比较,检测不同浓度低聚异麦芽糖条件下长双歧杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌的生长情况。体内实验以BALB/c雌性小鼠为实验对象,连续给予小鼠高剂量(1.0 g/(kg·bw))、低剂量(0.5 g/(kg·bw))的低聚异麦芽糖14 d后,测定小鼠粪便中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、肠杆菌、肠球菌的含量;连续给予小鼠高、低剂量的低聚异麦芽糖21 d后,以复方地芬诺酯建立小鼠便秘模型,测定给予低聚异麦芽糖后便秘小鼠的排首黑便时间、6 h内黑便重量及小肠推进率。得到在体外实验中,与碳源为葡萄糖相比,碳源为不同浓度低聚异麦芽糖与葡萄糖时,长双歧杆菌与嗜酸乳杆菌的数量显著增加。体内实验中,实验组小鼠灌胃低聚异麦芽糖14 d后,与正常组相比,粪便中乳杆菌与双歧杆菌都极显著增加,B/E值也明显提高,且低剂量组中肠杆菌显著减少;灌胃前后自身相比,乳杆菌和双歧杆菌数量也显著增加。灌胃便秘小鼠低聚异麦芽糖后,其首粒排黑便时间明显缩短,排黑便总量明显增加,小肠推进率明显提高。体外培养条件下,低聚异麦芽糖可以增加长双歧杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌的数量;低聚异麦芽糖具有改善小鼠胃肠道菌群及润肠通便的功效。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the