3-D discontinuum numerical modeling of subsidence incorporating ore extraction and backfilling operations in an underground iron mine in China

An underground iron mine in China has been used as a case-study to research the subsidence due to ore extraction and backfilling during open stoping operations. A 3-D discontinuum numerical model was built incorporating geologic complexities including faults and interfaces between different lithologies,and the stoping and backfilling sequence adopted from the mine plans. The stoping was carried out in two vertically stacked horizontal layers, with a total of 16 stopes. Large displacements of up to 50 cm were observed along the roof of the stopes, and a maximum surface subsidence of 22.5 cm was observed.Backfilling was found to eliminate subsequent displacements and subsidence. The extraction of the upper orebody was found to influence displacements in the lower orebody. Finally, a subsidence profile was constructed to show the subsidence at all locations along the length of the surface and region of influence on the surface.     

基于未确知测度理论的地下金属矿山合理产能优选

基于未确知测度理论建立矿山合理产能优选模型,选择矿山合理产能最优方案。选取年利润等5个指标体系建立未确知测度模型,对可供选择的7个方案优选结果表明,最优方案为,矿山年产金属量15万t,年利润13.5亿元,年成本5.3亿元,全员生产率1650.6t/人,万吨通风量4.8m3/（万t·s）,服务年限11a。所得结果同灰色局势决策优化方法评价结果一致,证明未确知测度理论评判方法可靠。     

Determination of volumetric changes at an underground stone mine: a photogrammetry case study

Photogrammetry, as a tool for monitoring underground mine deformation, is an alternative to traditional point measurement devices, and may be capable of accurate measurements in situations where technologies such as laser scanning are unsuited, undesired, or cost-prohibitive. An underground limestone mine in Ohio is used as a test case for monitoring of structurally unstable pillars. Seven pillars were photographed over in a 63 day period, punctuated by four visits. Using photogrammetry, point clouds of the mine geometry were obtained and triangulation surfaces were generated to determine volumes of change over time. Pillar spalling in the range of 0.29–4.03 m³ of rock on individual rib faces was detected. Isolated incidents of rock expansion prior to failure, and the isolated failure of a weak shale band were also observed. Much of the pillars remained unchanged during the monitoring period, which is indicative of proper alignment in the triangulated surfaces. The photographs of some ribs were of either too poor quality or had insufficient overlap, and were not included. However, photogrammetry was successfully applied to multiple ribs in quantifying the pillar geometry change over time.     

Instability identification on large scale underground mined-out area in the metal mine based on the improved FRBFNN

To identify the instability on large scale underground mined-out area in the metal mine effectively, the parameters of radial basis function were determined through clustering method and the improved fuzzy radial basis function neural network (FRBFNN) model of instability identification model about large scale underground mined-out area in the metal mine was built. The improved FRBFNN model was trained and tested. The results show that the improved FRBFNN model has high training accuracy and generalization ability. Parameters such as pillar area ratio, filling level and the value of rock quality designation have strong influence on instability of large scale underground mined-out area. Correctness of analysis about the improved FRBFNN model was proved by the practical application results about instability discrimination of surrounding rock in large-scale underground mined-out area of a metal mine in south China.     

基于射频识别技术的煤矿井下定位系统

采用射频模块IA4421作为无线收发模块,以单片机AT89C52作为微控制器,开发出了可以定位煤矿井下人员活动区域的定位系统。介绍了系统的固定监控点和移动监控点的硬件设计,给出了系统的软件设计。该系统通过固定监控点和移动监控点之间的无线通信,获取井下人员的位置信息。     

A practical application of photogrammetry to performing rib characterization measurements in an underground coal mine using a DSLR camera

Understanding coal mine rib behavior is important for inferring pillar loading conditions as well as ensuring the safety of miners who are regularly exposed to ribs. Due to the variability in the geometry of underground openings and ground behavior, point measurements often fail to capture the true movement of mine workings. Photogrammetry is a potentially fast, cheap, and precise supplemental measurement tool in comparison to extensometers, tape measures, or laser range meters, but its application in underground coal has been limited. The practical use of photogrammetry was tested at the Safety Research Coal Mine, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH). A commercially available, digital single-lens reflex(DSLR) camera was used to perform the photogrammetric surveys for the experiment. Several experiments were performed using different lighting conditions, distances to subject,camera settings, and photograph overlaps, with results summarized as follows: the lighting method was found to be insignificant if the scene was appropriately illuminated. It was found that the distance to the subject has a minimal impact on result accuracy, and that camera settings have a significant impact on the photogrammetric quality of images. An increasing photograph resolution was preferable when measuring plane orientations; otherwise a high point cloud density would likely be excessive. Focal ratio(F-stop) changes affect the depth of field and image quality in situations where multiple angles are necessary to survey cleat orientations. Photograph overlap is very important to proper three-dimensional reconstruction, and at least 60% overlap between photograph pairs is ideal to avoid unnecessary post-processing. The suggestions and guidelines proposed are designed to increase the quality of photogrammetry inputs and outputs as well as minimize processing time, and serve as a starting point for an underground coal photogrammetry study.     

基于无线传感网络的煤矿井下瓦斯与温度监测系统

瓦斯和温度检测是煤矿安全生产中重要的工作,针对煤矿井下布线不方便的特点,提出了利用射频芯片的无线传感器网络来采集和传输瓦斯与温度信息的系统架构。系统由移动节点和固定节点组成。移动节点和固定节点、固定节点与固定节点之间采用无线技术传递信息。固定节点中的汇聚节点收集相应范围内的瓦斯与温度数据后通过载波方式将其传递给地面监控中心。实现了灵活组网、低开销、扩展性好和实时监测的功能,实施效果较好。     

Fire behavior of mining vehicles in underground hard rock mines

The results from a number of investigations and fire experiments are presented and analyzed in order to characterize the fire behavior of mining vehicles in underground hard rock mines. The analysis also includes fire safety and fire protection measures with respect to the mining vehicle fire behavior.Earlier studies on fires in underground hard rock mines have shown that vehicles or mobile equipment are the dominant sources of fire. A better knowledge about the fire behavior of vehicles in underground hard rock mines is therefore needed. During the analysis the direction and flow rate of the ventilation in a drift was found to have a significant impact on the fire behavior, causing for example flame tilt with rapid fire spread. The shielded sections of a vehicle will be less affected by the ventilation flow resulting in for example a decreased flame spread. It was also found that spray fires may result in considerable heat release rate but are generally of shorter duration and will not make any significant contributions to the overall heat release rate of the fully developed vehicle fire. The fire duration of a loader tire from a full-scale fire experiment was found to be at least 200 min and will largely determine the total fire duration of the vehicle. A different scenario with different conditions with for example a slower flame spread resulted in an even longer fire duration. The radiative and convective fraction will be a key factor when determining the heat transfer mechanisms involved in a fire and will vary from material to material.Calculations show that the radiative fraction of the tire fires on two mining vehicles is significantly lower than found in earlier experiments. The design and construction of the mining vehicle will have an important impact on the fire behavior and could possibly mitigate the consequences of a fire and allow fire personnel to extinguish a fire that otherwise would have had a too high heat release rate.     

On the design and selection of vehicle coordination policies for underground mine production ramps

Traffic management in underground mines,especially on production ramps,is a difficult problem to optimize and control.Most operations use one of a few common policies;e.g.,the so-called ‘‘lock-out" and‘‘loaded-vehicle-priority" policies.The work presented in this paper uses discrete-event simulation to study the efficiency of multiple policies.Based on simulation results,an improvement to the common lock-out policy is proposed.This new policy utilizes the rules of the lock-out policy but integrates an option that allows a group of vehicles to be given temporary priority in a certain direction of travel.Quantitative results are provided and,based on these,a systematic technique for ramp design that aims to optimize the efficiency of underground mine ramp traffic flow is described.     

基于MapInfo的煤矿井下人员定位系统设计

介绍了以MapInfo为开发平台,以Visual Basic 6.0为开发工具的煤矿井下人员定位系统的设计与实现.首先,结合煤矿对入井人员管理的需要,进行需求分析和可行性分析:其次,从管理人员的角度分析并设计系统基本功能,进而确定了开发方案和系统设计思路;最后,根据系统设计详细介绍了在Visual Basic 6.0环境中实现软件功能的过程.该系统实现了基于电子地图的煤矿井下人员实时监控,为煤矿的安全生产提供了及时有效的井下人员定位和监控功能,以信息化手段提高了煤矿的安全生产能力.     

基于DXF的煤体结构柱状图的自动绘制

为了解决人工绘制煤体结构柱状图效率低、易出错等问题,提出了基于DXF的煤体结构柱状图的自动绘制方法.根据Auto CAD绘图功能强大、数值计算能力较弱的特点,本文编制了程序,通过程序的运行,调用绘图的原始数据,完成数据的处理,并且输出图形交换文件;图形交换文件作为数据交换的接口,可以被Auto CAD调用并实现煤体结构柱状图的自动绘制,并且该自动控制方法已经成功地应用到研究工作中.     

基于CAN总线的中空板生产线控制系统

中论述了CAN局域网的特点及它在中空板生产中的适用性，并给出了基于CAN总线的中空板生产线控制方案。     

矿图设计、绘制与管理信息系统开发

对矿图计算机绘制与管理的发展概况、应用现状进行了分析 ,在此基础上 ,较详细地介绍了以Windows为运行环境、AutoCAD2 0 0 0为图形平台所开发的适合矿山实际情况的矿图设计、绘制与管理信息系统 ( 2MDMIS)的组成、系统的基本设置及功能特点     

基于逼近样条方法的高斯表面轮廓滤波

为了克服传统高斯滤波器的卷积处理方法在提取表面中线时所产生的边缘效应,提出了一种采用变分方法建立的样条轮廓滤波器来实现高斯滤波。这种方法可称为高斯滤波器的样条实现法,兼有高斯滤波的幅度传输特性、零相移的特点和样条的特点。它的高斯滤波幅度特性符合国际标准的要求,它的样条特性又可以避免两边的边缘效应。文中研究的高斯滤波的样条处理方法,幅度特性偏差为-1.5%～+3.75%,远低于国际标准ISO11562推荐的近似处理方法的偏差(-5.0%～+5.0%)。此外这种高斯滤波的处理方法,处理效率很高,在当今通用的计算机上对11200采样点的数据进行处理,只需要100ms。     

基于GIS的煤矿社区管理系统的设计与实现

地理信息系统(GIS)是地理学与计算机技术结合的新兴学科,已广泛应用于土地管理、环境保护等领域,但在煤矿管理中应用相对比较薄弱。文章着重阐述了地理信息系统在煤矿社区管理中的实践应用,并利用VB、Map X、SQL SERVER 2000实现了煤矿社区的空间数据和属性数据的存储、可视化查询和修改等功能。为实现煤矿社区管理的信息化、现代化、科学化提供了有力的技术保障。     

以综合自动化控制为基础的数字化矿井建设体系

分析了我国煤矿综合自动化现状和存在的问题,论述了数字化矿井的信息层、控制层、设备层三层体系结构及各体系结构的相互关系。自动化控制集成平台“管控一体化”的功能要求,系统中通讯接口和通讯协议兼容是其稳定的关键。说明建设数字化矿井的重要意义。     

基于网络技术的煤矿安全监控系统

介绍了一种基于网络技术的煤矿安全监控系统,给出了系统实现的原理和结构组成,提出了系统软、硬件的设计思想和工作原理,重点分析了数据采集器、分站、通信接口、监控终端的实现方法及其监控计算机系统软件设计原理,阐述了系统实现的功能和工作过程,开发了灾变预警预报动态化、可视化、决策可靠性高的基于网络化的煤矿安全监控系统.实践表明:该系统性能稳定、可靠性高、易于操作、维护量小,具有广泛的应用前景.     

基于人因可靠性的煤矿安全管理分析

通过对煤矿安全管理现状剖析,阐述了人的可靠性理论在大规模复杂的人机系统的特征及对人因的影响,建立了人因事故原因模型,并分析了影响人因可靠性因素,制定出在矿山管理中防治人的失误对策;进而提出加强煤矿安全管理重点,实现煤矿企业的安全管理水平稳步提高.     

基于ICC Profile的数码相机图像的颜色再现

基于国际色彩联盟制定的标准-ICC Profile文件来解决色彩在数码相机和显示器间传递时的一致性问题.借助于与设备无关的XYZ色彩空间,建立从数码相机色彩空间到显示器色彩空间之间的颜色转换关系,以实现数码相片色彩在显示器上的真实再现.利用数码相机和显示器的Profile,来检验数码相机和显示器之间的色彩再现效果,取得了满意的结果,证明了该方法的可行性.     

基于Bl ender的矿山井巷模型自动生成研究

以开源三维软件Blender和矿山基础信息库为资源,利用Python编程语言提出矿山井巷几何模型的计算方法,并通过Blender自带Python A PI调用Blender建模引擎,从而实现对矿山井巷三维模型的自动生成.运行结果表明所设计的模型简单易行,完全开源后无需软件费用.