基于湿法造纸工艺制备碳纤维增强热塑性树脂复合材料的研究

本课题提出了一种基于湿法造纸工艺的碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料(CFRTP)的制备方法,实验探究了碳纤维模量、长度、含量和模压工艺对CFRTP力学性能的影响。结果表明,利用湿法造纸工艺制备CFRTP是可行的,碳纤维含量是影响CFRTP力学性能和空隙率的主要因素;当碳纤维含量为30%时,制备的CFRTP性能最好,其拉伸强度为110.07 MPa,弯曲强度为208.59 MPa,缺口冲击韧性42.89 k J/m~2,材料空隙率最低。该方法具有工艺简单、成本低、利于碳纤维回收等特点。     

香蕉纤维增强不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料的制备工艺研究

利用热压成型法制备香蕉(茎)纤维增强不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料,结合单因素分析法和正交法研究热压工艺三大要素:压力、温度和时间以及纤维含量等工艺条件对增强复合材料力学性能的影响,确定最佳的制备工艺。结果表明:在压力、温度和时间分别为13 MPa、150℃、11 min的热压参数值下以及纤维的添加量为20%时复合材料的力学性能最佳,与纯树脂相比,拉伸强度提高了71.8%,弯曲强度提高了49%。     

碳纤维/聚丙烯/聚乳酸增强复合材料的力学性能

为在不改变碳纤维/聚丙烯(PP)复合材料力学性能前提下,降低复合材料中PP含量以减轻环境降解压力,通过在碳纤维/PP复合材料树脂体系中掺杂可降解的聚乳酸(PLA)形成共混树脂体系,并经热压成型制备碳纤维增强共混树脂复合材料。探究了PLA、PP共混体系质量比对复合材料冲击、弯曲和拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:随着树脂体系中PLA质量分数的增加,复合材料的冲击强度和弯曲强度都呈先降低后升高、再降低的趋势,拉伸强度呈现先升高后降低的趋势;当PLA质量分数为60%时,复合材料的冲击强度和弯曲强度最高,分别为21.8 kJ/m²和112.5 MPa,拉伸强度为37.2 MPa,复合材料的综合物理力学性能最优,与未添加PLA的复合材料的力学性能相近。     

PES/CF/PET纤维混杂复合材料的力学性能

选用PES纤维作为基体，碳纤维(CF)作为增强体，聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)纤维作为黏合剂，利用特殊的铺层结构制备出一种低密度、易加工、可回收的复合材料。采用正交试验设计研究了PES纤维质量分数、热压温度、压力和时间对复合材料拉伸性能的影响，并对材料的断裂机制进行了分析。结果表明：PES纤维质量分数是影响复合材料拉伸强度的最主要因素，其次是热压时间，热压温度和压力的影响最小；当PES纤维质量分数为55%、热压温度为270℃、压力为25 MPa、时间为50 min时，PES/CF/PET纤维混杂复合材料具有良好的力学性能，拉伸强度达到59.526 MPa,拉伸模量达到1.576 GPa,断裂伸长率达到6.950%;复合材料拉伸断裂机制主要表现为纤维的断裂。     

阻燃型玄武岩织物/聚乳酸复合材料的研制

采用热压法成型工艺制备了阻燃型玄武岩织物增强聚乳酸复合材料,考察了聚乳酸质量分数、热压压力、热压温度、阻燃剂质量分数对复合材料拉伸强度、弯曲强度及极限氧指数的影响,通过正交实验、极差分析及单因素分析,优化出制备阻燃型玄武岩织物增强聚乳酸复合材料的最优工艺：阻燃剂质量分数30%,聚乳酸质量分数64.6%（5：7）,热压压力5MPa,热压温度185℃。结果表明：添加氢氧化镁阻燃剂制备的阻燃型玄武岩织物增强聚乳酸复合材料,力学性能较未添加阻燃剂的玄武岩织物增强聚乳酸复合材料有所降低,但仍比较优异,且极限氧指数可提高到35.2%。     

玻璃纤维增强稻壳粉/非医疗废弃物秸塑复合材料的性能

将玻璃纤维掺入稻壳粉/非医疗回收塑料秸塑复合材料中,制备出具有增强效果的环保型秸塑复合材料,探讨玻璃纤维的长度和含量对秸塑复合材料力学性能的影响。研究表明,随着玻璃纤维加入量和长度的增加,秸塑复合材料的力学性能呈现先增加然后降低的趋势,当玻璃纤维的含量为23%,长度为6mm,同时采用3%的硅烷偶联剂处理后,稻壳粉/非医疗回收塑料秸塑复合材料的力学性能达到最优,拉伸强度、拉伸模量、弯曲强度、弯曲模量分别为16.27MPa、1241.14MPa、19.91MPa、1207.21MPa。通过观察复合材料断口的SEM图片,表明玻璃纤维的拔出为秸塑复合材料主要的破坏形式。     

废弃黄麻/聚氨酯复合材料的制备及力学性能研究

采用共混塑炼热压法制备了以废弃黄麻为增强材料、以聚氨酯(TPU)为基体的复合材料。以拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度为检测指标,通过正交实验、极差分析及方差分析,优化出共混塑炼热压法成型工艺条件,即黄麻质量分数为50%、热压温度180℃、热压时间10min。在最优工艺条件下,制得的废弃黄麻/TPU复合材料拉伸强度33.58MPa、弯曲强度45.72MPa、冲击强度7.83kJ/cm2,以期为废旧黄麻、TPU的回收利用新方法提供参考。     

阻燃型废弃麻纤维/聚乳酸复合材料的性能分析

以聚乳酸颗粒为基体材料,以废弃麻纤维为增强材料,采用双辊混炼法和热压成型法,制备阻燃型废弃麻纤维/聚乳酸复合材料,并研究其力学性能和阻燃性能,优化其热压工艺参数。以拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度、极限氧指数为检测指标,以聚乳酸质量分数、阻燃剂质量分数、热压压力、热压温度为因素,通过正交试验和极差分析,优化出最优成型工艺条件,即聚乳酸质量分数为60%,阻燃剂质量分数为30%,热压压力为10 Mpa,热压温度为180℃。为进一步开发阻燃型废弃麻纤维复合材料提供理论基础。     

稻草纤维-马铃薯淀粉复合材料热压制备工艺研究

以稻草纤维和马铃薯淀粉为主要原料,采用热压成型法制备稻草纤维复合材料,研究不同处理方法,纤维尺寸、淀粉基体与稻草纤维比例、热压温度和甘油含量对其力学性能和吸水率的影响。运用正交试验法对试验进行参数优化。结果表明:与仅经单一偶联剂处理的试样相比,NaOH复合处理试样的性能得到显著改善。纤维尺寸为60目,淀粉基体与稻草纤维比例(质量比)为1:1.5,甘油含量为40%,热压温度为150 ℃时,试样拉伸强度最大为1.93 MPa;淀粉基体与稻草纤维比例为1:2,纤维尺寸为60目,甘油含量为40%,热压温度为160 ℃时,试样弯曲强度最大为2.91 MPa;纤维尺寸为40目,淀粉基体与稻草纤维比例为1:2,热压温度为150 ℃,甘油含量为30%时,试样耐水性最好为112%。     

黄麻/豆腐渣/淀粉复合材料的制备及其性能

以黄麻纤维为增强体,经NaOH改性后的豆腐渣/淀粉混合溶液为基体,通过湿法模压制备黄麻/豆腐渣/淀粉复合材料。利用正交试验设计方案研究了豆腐渣/淀粉复配比、黄麻纤维含量、热压温度、热压强度、热压时间对复合材料板材拉伸性能和亲水性能的影响。结果表明：当豆腐渣/淀粉复配比为3、黄麻纤维含量为20%、热压强度为6Mpa、热压温度为80℃、热压时间为2min时,复合材料板材的拉伸断裂强度最优。试验所制备的复合材料片材亲水性较好,表明其具有较差的耐水性能。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press