缺口应力集中对40Cr钢高周疲劳性能的影响

用超声疲劳试验方法测定了40Cr钢光滑试样和缺口试样在105-1010周次范围内的疲劳寿命(S-N)曲线,研究了缺口应力集中对疲劳性能的影响。结果表明:两种试样的S-N曲线呈现连续下降特征;缺口应力集中对材料疲劳性能的影响表现出阶段性特征,存在一个临界疲劳断裂循环数Nc,当疲劳断裂周次NfNc,Kf随Nf的增加而减小。在107以上超高周范围内,Kf和疲劳缺口敏感系数g与Nf具有线性关系。     

LZ50钢车轴的旋转弯曲疲劳性能

在LZ50钢车轴上制取了光滑试样和环形缺口试样,按照AAR M-101-2009新标准测试了其旋转弯曲疲劳性能,并观察了断口形貌。结果表明:光滑试样的旋转弯曲疲劳裂纹萌生于试样表面,而环形缺口试样的裂纹萌生于缺口前缘,并呈多源开裂形式,两种试样均形成与轴向垂直的平断口;当车轴的拉伸强度提高5%后,其光滑试样旋转弯曲疲劳性能也得到明显提高,环形缺口试样虽中值疲劳强度比光滑试样的降低18%,但其旋转弯曲疲劳极限缺口敏感系数仍与国外碳素钢车轴保持在同一水平上。     

热处理对铸态镍铝青铜疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响

对铸态镍铝青铜(NAB)进行了920℃正火和675℃退火热处理,研究了不同状态NAB的显微组织和拉伸性能;采用直流电压降(DCPD)法测试了其疲劳裂纹扩展速率,观察了裂纹扩展路径及疲劳断口形貌。结果表明:退火态与铸态试样的显微组织均由基体α相、残余β相以及三种Ni-Fe-Al金属间化合物相(κⅡ,κⅢ,κⅣ)组成,而正火态试样组织则由较多的残余β相以及均匀分布的κⅣ相组成,其强度更高但塑性明显降低;铸态试样的疲劳裂纹扩展速率最快,正火态试样的最慢;铸态和退火态试样中的疲劳裂纹在κ相相界处扩展,断裂方式主要为脆性解理断裂,而正火态试样的疲劳裂纹主要穿过α相扩展,断口出现了疲劳辉纹,且其疲劳裂纹扩展路径最为曲折。     

40车轴钢的缺口疲劳性能

在保证车轴钢冶金质量和力学性能符合标准要求的基础上，对40车轴钢进行光滑试样与缺口试样疲劳性能试验，缺口试样按照EN 13261—2020标准加工，并借助扫描电子显微镜表征了钢的疲劳断裂形貌。结果表明：40车轴钢光滑试样与缺口试样比EN 13261标准中EA1N钢（相当于35钢）疲劳极限标准下限分别提高43%、18%，缺口试样提高的疲劳强度比光滑试样降低32%；光滑试样与缺口试样均为表面裂纹萌生机制，光滑试样为单源开裂，而缺口试样为多源开裂。     

化学镀镍磷镀层对弹簧钢疲劳性能的影响

采用三点弯曲疲劳试验法研究化学镀镍磷镀层对70弹簧钢疲劳性能的影响.结果表明:基体试样的疲劳寿命最长,镀态试样的疲劳寿命与基体相比显著降低,其原因是由于镀层的氢脆引起的;经过除氢热处理或晶化热处理后,基体试样和镀态试样的疲劳寿命都显著降低,而热处理后试样疲劳强度的降低是由于镀层内的压应力降低引起的;经过200 ℃×1 h或200 ℃×3 h热处理的试样疲劳寿命相当.     

焊后热处理对30CrMnSiNi2A钢电子束焊接件疲劳行为的影响

电子束局部热处理是一种新型的热处理方式，探讨其对电子束焊接接头组织和疲劳性能的影响规律具有十分重要的实际意义。文中采用CT(紧凑拉伸)试样，对30CrMnSiNi2A钢电子束焊接后焊态、焊后炉内整体热处理和电子束局部热处理三种焊接接头焊缝与母材的疲劳裂纹扩展速率进行试验研究；并测定上述两个部位的门槛值。结合金相组织分析，讨论焊后热处理对接头疲劳行为的影响。试验结果表明，电子束局部热处理和整体热处理都能够在一定程度上改善焊接接头的组织和近门槛值处抗疲劳裂纹扩展的能力。由于电子束局部热处理具有方便、省时、节省能源和提高生产率的优点，因而具有较大的应用潜力和研究价值。     

2Cr13钢离子渗氮处理的疲劳强度

２Ｃｒ１３钢离子渗氮处理提高光滑和缺口疲劳极限的幅度与疲劳薄弱环节有关。氮化光滑试样的薄弱环节在表下，疲劳强度主要取决于心部性能，较调质态提高仅为２５％，未能发挥氮化层性能潜力；缺口试验的薄弱环节的氮化层，疲劳强度主要取决于氮化性能，较调质态提高达９２％，使氮化层性能得到充分发展。用主要取决于心部性能的光滑疲劳极限与主要取决于氮化层性能的缺口疲劳极限计算的ｑ值具有非真实性。     

改进TCD算法的疲劳寿命预测研究

在实际工程领域中,零件的疲劳破坏给工程界带来了难以计量的损失。所谓疲劳,是指零件在承受远低于其屈服极限的循环载荷时突然失效的情况。疲劳问题一直受到广泛关注,关键距离法(TCD算法)最初由Taylor等人提出,该理论将试件缺口附近区域某点,线上的应力特征值作为疲劳失效判断准则。拟选用疲劳试验机对45#钢缺口试样在四种应力级下进行疲劳试验,对45#钢缺口试样的疲劳性能进行了试验研究。同时运用了传统TCD算法以及改进TCD算法对45#钢缺口试样的疲劳寿命进行了预测,与实验结果进行比较,改进的TCD算法相对于传统TCD算法获得的预测结果更令人满意。从而为工程上缺口构件的疲劳寿命预测提供了理论计算方法。     

锌镍合金镀层和镉镀层对30CrMnSiA结构钢疲劳性能影响的对比

采用电镀工艺在30CrMnSiA结构钢光滑与缺口试样上制备了锌镍合金镀层,采用升降法得到了锌镍合金镀层试样的疲劳极限,采用S-N曲线研究了锌镍合金镀层试样的疲劳性能,并与镉镀层试样的疲劳性能进行了对比。结果表明:不同循环周次下,锌镍合金镀层试样的疲劳极限与镉镀层试样的基本相同,不同应力水平下两种镀层试样的疲劳寿命也基本相当;从对基体材料疲劳性能的影响考虑,锌镍合金镀层可以替代镉镀层。     

空气环境对预腐蚀2XXX系铝合金疲劳性能的影响

在实验室空气和潮湿空气环境下,对预腐蚀2XXX系铝合金光滑试样(Kt=1)和缺口试样(Kt=3)进行疲劳试验,并用单侧容限因数法对疲劳寿命进行估算,得到了两种试样在两种空气环境下的中值疲劳寿命和99%可靠度、95%置信度水平上的疲劳寿命。结果表明:潮湿空气环境降低了预腐蚀2XXX系铝合金的疲劳性能;光滑试样的疲劳寿命数据比较分散,且应力水平越低越分散;缺口试样的疲劳寿命数据比较集中;潮湿空气环境下疲劳寿命较低的原因是铝合金表面的薄水膜加速了裂纹的扩展以及原子氢引起的局部损伤。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.