离子基团对PBO 纤维的表面性能及其界面粘结性能的影响

PBO 作为增强纤维存在与环氧树脂基体界面粘结性能差的问题。通过在聚合过程中添加少量5-磺酸钠2间苯二甲酸部分替代对苯二甲酸与4 , 6-二氨基间苯二酚盐酸盐进行共聚, 合成了大分子链上含有离子基团的SPBO 共聚物, 并制得SPBO 初生纤维。通过接触角测试和XPS 研究了纤维的表面性能, 通过微脱粘实验和SEM评价了纤维与环氧树脂基体的界面粘结性能。结果表明: 与PBO 纤维相比, SPBO 纤维表面浸润性能提高, 表面含氮、氧量均增加, 与环氧树脂的界面剪切强度从8. 2 MPa 提高到10. 1 MPa , 提高了23 %。      

羟基基团对PBO纤维表面性能及界面粘结性能的影响

以2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸(DHTA)为改性单体,采用化学共聚改性的方法,合成了大分子链上含有羟基基团的聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑(PBO)与DHTA 的共聚物(DHPBO),并通过液晶纺丝技术得到了DHPBO 纤维。利用FTIR、接触角等分析手段对其化学结构和纤维表面性能进行了表征,并通过微脱粘实验和SEM评价了DHPBO纤维与环氧树脂基体的界面剪切强度。结果表明：50 mol%DHTA的加入使水在PBO纤维表面的接触角由71.4° 减小到50.7°,乙醇在PBO纤维表面的接触角由37.2° 减小到27.4°;当DHTA含量为20 mol%时,DHPBO纤维的表面自由能增加到43.96 mJ/m2,比PBO纤维提高了23.83%。当 DHTA含量为10 mol%时,DHPBO纤维与环氧树脂的界面剪切强度为18. 87 MPa,比PBO纤维与环氧树脂的界面剪切强度提高了92.55%。     

氩气低温等离子体处理对PBO纤维的表面改性

采用低温等离子体表面处理技术对聚苯撑苯并二口恶唑(PBO)纤维表面进行改性.选用氩气作为处理气氛,研究了气压、功率和处理时间等参数对纤维表面性质的影响.采用FT-IR和SEM等方法对处理前后纤维表面化学结构及形态结构进行了表征,并通过单丝拔出试验测定了改性前后PBO纤维与环氧树脂基体的界面剪切强度(IFSS),对纤维与树脂的界面粘结性进行了初步评价.同时,采用液滴形状法对纤维表面亲水性进行了表征.通过研究发现,经低温氩气等离子处理后,PBO纤维表面亲水性增强,PBO纤维/环氧树脂的IFSS较未处理样品提高了42%.     

提高F-12/环氧复合材料界面性能的方法研究

F-12/环氧复合材料具有优异性能,广泛用于宇航和军事领域.但F-12与环氧树脂基体之间的界面粘结性能较差,复合材料的层间剪切强度较低.针对这一复合材料体系,全面论述了提高F-12/环氧复合材料界面性能的几种方法以及各种方法的优缺点,其中包括纤维表面接枝、偶联、聚合物涂层、冷等离子体、γ射线辐射和超声波技术改性,以及环氧树脂基体纳米SiO2的改性.     

电晕处理对高性能PBO纤维的表面性能及其界面粘接性能的影响

对高性能PBO纤维表面进行了电晕处理,优化了其处理工艺。用XPS,FT-IR和SEM研究了处理前后纤维表面化学结构及物理结构的变化,通过单丝拔出试验和短梁剪切试验评价了PBO纤维与树脂基体的微宏观界面粘接性能。结果表明:经电晕处理后,PBO纤维表面含氧量增多,表面浸润性得到改善,单丝拔出的PBO-环氧界面剪切强度(IFSS)提高了25.6 ％,但短梁剪切强度(ILSS)的提高不明显。     

UHMW-PE纤维增强环氧基复合材料界面研究

超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMW-PE)纤维经过低温氧等离子体处理后,与环氧树脂基体的界面粘结性能明显改善.本文通过单纤维拔出实验、XPS、SEM、接触角测算等研究了表面改性的作用机理.对影响界面粘结的作用力进行了定量分析,揭示了表面刻蚀坑引起的界面机械铰链力,以及由多种含氧极性基团引起的化学键力和界面非极性分子色散力,它们分别对界面粘结强度的贡献,及其随等离子体处理参数的变化关系.      

二氧化硅纳米颗粒增强炭纤维/环氧树脂界面性能

纤维与基体间的界面性能是决定纤维增强树脂基复合材料力学性能的关键因素。采用单纤维断裂实验方法研究二氧化硅纳米颗粒对炭纤维/环氧树脂复合材料界面的增强作用。实验结果表明,涂覆在炭纤维表面和均匀分散在环氧树脂基体中的二氧化硅纳米颗粒含量分别为4.9g/m2和25%(质量分数)时,复合材料界面性能均得到改善,界面抗剪强度相比纯树脂体系分别提高了10.0%和15.0%。通过对纤维断点处双折射光斑和样品断面形貌等信息分析,可知纳米颗粒均匀分散并镶嵌到炭纤维表面沟槽中形成的锁扣结构是界面性能提高的重要原因。     

γ-射线辐照Armos纤维对AFRC界面性能的影响

为改善Armos纤维和环氧树脂间的界面结合性能,采用对环氧树脂/丙酮溶液浸泡的Armos纤维进行γ-射线辐照改性处理,探索辐照剂量对其芳纶纤维增强复合材料(AFRC)界面性能的影响.研究结果表明:在辐照剂量200～1000kGy,AFRC的层间剪切强度(ILSS)和界面剪切强度(IFSS)均增加,且500kGy界面强度较未处理的提高幅度最大;经γ-射线辐照处理的芳纶纤维,表面氧含量有大幅度提高,使得纤维表面活性增大;辐照处理后纤维表面较未处理的纤维表面粗糙度有所增加;纳米硬度仪测试AFRC横断面纤维、界面和基体的纳米硬度,表明辐照可以提高复合材料的硬度.     

高性能PBO纤维表面改性及抗紫外光性能研究

采用多聚磷酸(PPA)的乙酸溶液和PPA的乙醇溶液对对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维(PBO纤维)进行表面改性,研究了PPA对PBO纤维表面改性的影响;采用添加紫外光吸收剂的脂环族环氧树脂涂料对PPA表面改性后的PBO纤维进行涂覆处理,采用环境扫描电镜(SEM)以及力学性能测试等表征手段探讨紫外光吸收剂对PBO纤维抗紫外性能的影响。研究结果表明,PPA溶液对PBO纤维表面的溶胀与刻蚀作用随着溶液中PPA质量分数增加而增加,PBO纤维的拉伸强度随PPA质量分数增加不断减小。PBO纤维经含有紫外光吸收剂UV-328的脂环族环氧树脂的涂料涂覆处理后,UV-328和脂环族环氧树脂的协同作用使PBO纤维的抗紫外光性能有显著的提高,PBO纤维拉伸强度的下降速度随着涂料中UV-328的质量分数的增加而减慢。当脂环族环氧树脂的涂料中UV-328的质量分数为5%时,PBO纤维在400h的加速老化后其拉伸强度保留率可提高至60.3%。     

电晕处理对超高分子量聚乙烯纤维表面性能的影响

对超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维表面进行了电晕处理,用XPS,FT-IR和SEM研究了处理前后纤维表面化学结构及物理结构的变化,通过单丝拔出试验和短梁剪切试验评价了UHMWPE纤维与树脂基体的微宏观界面粘接性能,结果表明：经电晕处理后,UHMWPE纤维表面含氧量增多,含氧基团数量与种类增加,表面浸润性得到改善,纤维与基体的界面粘结强度（Ts）提高幅度可达535％,短梁剪切强度TNOL提高了40％以上．     

T(U)V南德意志集团大中华区获表彰

因积极参与浙江省质量技术监督局在2009年组织开展的"百家认证机构自律,万家认证企业帮扶"活动,且因认真组织开展对浙江省认证企业的自查和帮扶工作并取得了明显成效,在近日召开的浙江省认证工作会议上,T(U)V南德意志集团大中华区被评为此次活动的先进单位.     

预退火对合金Sm_5Fe_(74.3)Nb_(1.5)Si_(11.7)B_(4.5)C_(2.3)Cu_(0.5)的非晶结构影响

用XRS法测定Sm5Fe74.3Nb1.5Si11.7B4.5C2.3Cu0.5非晶合金在相同时间不同温度和在相同温度不同时间预退火条件下的短程有序范围、最近邻原子间距结构参数,从而讨论预退火对非晶结构的影响。结果表明,非晶合金由原始态加热到400oC范围内预退火,非晶短程有序范围会随温度升高而增大,到400oC时达最大值。随温度继续升高,超过400oC时,短程有序范围开始减小,而最近邻原子间距增大。在同一温度500oC不同预退火时间,短程有序范围随时间的延长而增大,最近邻原子间距随时间的增加而减小。     

Mapping the (in)visible college(s) in the field of entrepreneurship

Despite the vitality and dynamism that the field of entrepreneurship has experienced in the last decade, the issue of whether it comprises an effective network of (in)formal communication linkages among the most influential scholars within the area has yet to be examined in depth. This study follows a formal selection procedure to delimit the ‘relational environment’ of the field of entrepreneurship and to analyze the existence and characterization of (in)visible college(s) based on a theoretically well-grounded framework, thus offering a comprehensive and up-to-date empirical analysis of entrepreneurship research. Based on more than a 1,000 papers published between 2005 and 2010 in seven core entrepreneurship journals and the corresponding (85,000) citations, we found that entrepreneurship is an (increasingly) autonomous, legitimate and cohesive (in)visible college, fine tuned through the increasing visibility of certain subject specialties (e.g., family business, innovation, technology and policy). Moreover, the rather dense formal links that characterize the entrepreneurship (in)visible college are accompanied by a reasonably solid network of informal relations maintained and sustained by the mobility of ‘stars’ and highly influential scholars. The limited internationalization of the entrepreneurship community, reflected in the almost total absence of non-English-speaking authors/studies/outlets, stands as a major quest for the field.     

Kinetics of Fe(3)O(4)-CoO/Al(2)O(3) catalytic ozonation of the herbicide 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionic acid

The presence of Fe(3)O(4)-CoO/Al(2)O(3) can improve degradation efficiency significantly during the ozonation of the herbicide 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionic acid (2,4-DP). The main factors affecting degradation efficiency, such as pH, the catalyst concentration and addition of the scavenger, were investigated. The kinetics of the catalytic ozonation are also discussed. The results indicate that two factors, the oxidation after adsorption of 2,4-DP and the oxidation of hydroxyl radicals (OH), lead to a great enhancement in ozonation efficiency during the catalytic ozonation of 2,4-DP in the presence of Fe(3)O(4)-CoO/Al(2)O(3), in which the oxidation of the OH plays an important role. Under controlled conditions, the apparent reaction rate constants for the degradation of 2,4-DP were determined to be 2.567 × 10(-4)s(-1) for O(3) and 1.840 × 10(-3)s(-1) for O(3)/Fe(3)O(4)-CoO/Al(2)O(3). The results from the analysis of the reaction kinetics using the relative method showed that O(3)/Fe(3)O(4)-CoO/Al(2)O(3) possessed a larger R(ct) (R(ct) is defined as the ratio of the ·OH exposure to the O(3) exposure, R(ct) = ∫C(t)(OH) dt/C(t)O(3)dt) than O(3), indicating that O(3)/Fe(3)O(4)-CoO/Al(2)O(3) produced more hydroxyl radicals.     

Amphiphilic zwitterionic poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-contained poly(ether amine) (Z-SiPEA) as the responsive polymeric dispersant

We demonstrated here a novel concept of the responsive dispersant based on the amphiphilic zwitterionic poly(ether amine) (Z-SiPEAs), which can control the dispersion of dyes and pigments in water. Z-SiPEAs are composed of short poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) chain in the backbone and Jeffamine L100 as graft chain. The amino groups in the backbone and carboxyl groups grafted to the backbone make the obtained Z-SiPEAs zwitterionic. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) results revealed that the obtained Z-SiPEAs can self-assemble into nanoparticles in water, which possessed sharp response to temperature, pH, and ionic strength with the tunable clouding point (CP). In the presence of Z-SiPEAs, not only hydrophobic dyes such as Nile Red can be dispersed in water, but the hydrophilic dye Rose Bengal (RB) can be dispersed in unpolar solvents. Further more, Z-SiPEAs can enhance the dispersion of inorganic pigments Titanium White, Iron Red and Chrome Yellow very efficiently in most solvents. It should be noted that the dispersion of organic dyes and inorganic pigments in water can be controlled by temperature in the presence of Z-SiPEAs. 1H NMR and FT-IR revealed the strong coordination between carboxyl groups in Z-SiPEAs and metal atoms of inorganic pigments. These characteristics will give Z-SiPEAs potential as the novel responsive polymeric dispersant.     

La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Mn0.1Al0.1和La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Al0.2合金的储氢性能研究

针对两种新型稀土型储氢合金La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Mn0.1Al0.1和La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Al0.2的储氢特性进行研究分析。实验表明,相同温度下,La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Mn0.1Al0.1和La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Al0.2合金的PCT曲线基本重合,且都具有优良的吸氢动力学性能;相比之下,后者的滞后系数要小于前者,吸氢量较大,吸氢速率也较快,故其储氢性能较优。300次吸放氢循环实验结果表明,La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Al0.2合金的吸氢动力学性能虽然略有下降,但抗粉化性能较好。     

Effect of heat treatment on the structure and properties of poly(2,6-benzothiazole) (ABPBT) and poly(2,5-benzoxazole) (ABPBO)

Poly(2,6-benzothiazole) (ABPBT), poly(2,5-benzoxazole) (ABPBO) were synthesized and their fibers were prepared by dry-jet wet-spinning technique. The effect of heat treatment on the structure and properties of the fibers/films were studied in detail by the measurements using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and Instron tensile tester. The results not only showed that heat treatment had a significant effect on the macrostructure and microstructure of fibers, making fibers more regular and improving their mechanical properties, but also indicated that there was a suitable range of heat treatment conditions.     

Measurement of the Refractive Indices of H(2)SO(4)-HNO(3)-H(2)O Solutions to Stratospheric Temperatures

Refractive indices of various H(2)SO(4)-H(2)O, HNO(3)-H(2)O, and H(2)SO(4)-HNO(3)-H(2)O solutions were measured at four wavelengths in the visible (351.0, 533.5, 632.9, and 782.6 nm) over a temperature range from 30 to -60 degrees C. The temperature dependence has been determined for the first time to the authors' knowledge. This dependence is of importance for applications to atmospheric aerosols at low temperatures. In particular, it is shown that (1) the molar refractivity of the solutions is independent of temperature, whereas the temperature dependence of the refractive index arises solely through the temperature dependence of the solution's mass density, (2) the molar refractivities of H(2)SO(4) and HNO(3) in a ternary solution may be calculated as the weighted sum of the molar refractivities of two binary solutions evaluated at a concentration that corresponds to the total acid concentration, and (3) the H(2)O molar refractivity in the solutions may be taken equal to that of pure water. Although the data for the ternary system have been used for this model verification, data for binary H(2)SO(4)-H(2)O and HNO(3)-H(2)O solutions were used to improve the accuracy of the modeled refractive indices to better than 0.0017% or 0.15% for concentrations of 5-70 wt.% and wavelengths from the near ultraviolet to the near infrared (0.25-2 mum).     

Eu(III) modifies the properties of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)

A novel functional complex of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and Eu(III) (PNIPAM-Eu(III)) with thermosensitive and fluorescent properties was synthesized and characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results from the experiments indicated that Eu(III) is bonded to nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the polymer chain of PNIPAM and formed the complex of PNIPAM-Eu(III). The maximum emission intensity of PNIPAM-Eu(III) at 614 nm is enhanced about 22 times compared with that of the corresponding Eu(III), demonstrating that there exists an efficient intermolecular energy transfer from the polymer ligand to Eu(III). Nevertheless, the lower critical solution temperature of PNIPAM containing a low content of Eu(III) has not obviously changed after the formation of the complex of PNIPAM-Eu(III) by the interaction between PNIPAM and Eu(III).     

Dy0.6Tb0.3Pr0.1(Fe0.95Mn0.05)x取向晶体的结构与磁致伸缩

采用Ｃｚｏｃｈｒａｌｓｋｉ方法生长了Ｄｙ０．６Ｔｂ０．３Ｐｒ０．１（Ｆｅ０．９５Ｍｎ０．０５）ｘ（１．８５≤ｘ≤１．９５）取向合金。所有合金主相为立方Ｌａｖｅｓ相结构,择优取向不完整择优取向的方向与Ｘ的大小有关。研究了沿着这些样品的生长方向的磁致伸缩性能以及磁致伸缩性能与压力之间的关系。