PMA-LAMP方法检测灭菌乳中金黄色葡萄球菌的研究

近年来,金黄色葡萄球菌引起的食品安全事件频发,这就需要建立一种快速准确地检测食品中金黄色葡萄球菌的方法。传统方法检测食品中金黄色葡萄球菌活菌存在很多缺点。由于细胞死亡后其DNA依然能够存活许久,所以传统方法不能有效区分DNA来自死菌还是活菌。通过荧光染料PMA与快速检测技术LAMP相结合的方法快速、灵敏的检测灭菌乳中金黄色葡萄球菌,并对死/活菌进行区分。根据金黄色葡萄球菌nuc基因设计引物,并对LAMP反应体系及PMA-LAMP方法进行优化,同时优化了灭菌乳中提取DNA的方法。在纯培养的金黄色葡萄球菌中,PMA-LAMP方法检测灵敏度为3.2CFU/mL,PMA-PCR方法的检测灵敏度为3.2×102CFU/mL;对人工污染灭菌乳中的金黄色葡萄球,PMA-LAMP方法检测灵敏度为5×101CFU/mL,而PMA-PCR方法检测灵敏度为5×103CFU/mL。整个反应需要大约6h,说明PMA-LAMP方法检测灭菌乳中金黄色葡萄球菌特异性强、灵敏度高、时间短且操作简便,有望成为快速检测金黄色葡萄球菌活菌的新方法。     

一种快速高效的DNA提取方法及其在qPCR检测金黄色葡萄球菌中的应用

探究一种高效快速便捷地提取菌体DNA的方法,并将其应用于金黄色葡萄球菌的定量检测。运用热裂解过柱法和直接热裂解法提取菌体DNA,同时用试剂盒法提取DNA作为对比。用qPCR检测技术对样本DNA的提取效果进行验证,并将最优的提取方法应用于纯培养的和人工污染的鱼样品中金黄色葡萄球菌的检测。qPCR检测结果显示热裂解过柱法仅比试剂盒法低一个梯度,体现了热裂解过柱法良好的稳定性、高效性和实用性。热裂解过柱法可高效提取样品中金黄色葡萄球菌的DNA,结合qPCR技术,其检测灵敏度可达1.04×10~2 cfu/m L。     

金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A、B、C在草莓中 表达的研究

目的研究金黄色葡萄球菌在草莓中生长情况及与3种肠毒素SEA、SEB、SEC产生的相关性。方法将实验菌株进行肠毒素分型确认后,分别制备10~4 CFU/g(高)、10~2CFU/g(低)两个浓度菌液,采用浸泡方式人工污染到草莓上,分别于8℃、25℃下贮存,贮存过程中参照GB 4789对草莓进行金黄色葡萄球菌计数和金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素(A-C)检测。结果适宜条件下,无论初始污染程度高低,金黄色葡萄球菌都能在草莓上正常生长代谢并产生肠毒素,特别是SEA的产生较SEB和SEC迅速。其中,25℃贮存条件下,金黄色葡萄球菌累计到10~4 CFU/g以上就可从样品中检测到SEA,累计到10~5 CFU/g以上可以检测到SEC,累计到10~7CFU/g以上可以检测到SEB;8℃贮存条件下,48 h内未检测到肠毒素。结论以草莓作为金黄色葡萄球菌培养基质,获得了金黄色葡萄球菌生长及与3种常见肠毒素产生的相关性,对草莓微生物风险评估及相关标准制订具有参考意义。     

环介导等温扩增技术快速检测肉中金黄色葡萄球菌

应用环介导等温扩增（loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP）技术建立了对肉中金黄色葡萄球菌检测的方法。实验中,使用了最新的Bst 2.0 Warm Start DNA聚合酶完成LAMP扩增反应,并针对金黄色葡萄球菌所特有的保守性耐热核酸酶基因（nuc）设计得到了一套LAMP扩增引物。对LAMP法和PCR法的检测灵敏度进行了比较,同时对人工污染肉中的金黄色葡萄球菌进行检测。结果表明：所建立的LAMP法能够特异性的检测金黄色葡萄球菌,并且检测金黄色葡萄球菌纯菌的灵敏度为2.01×10~0CFU/m L,是普通PCR检测灵敏度的100倍。在检测肉中金黄色葡萄球菌时,检测限为2.01×10~1CFU/m L。因此,本实验所建立的LAMP法检测肉中金黄色葡萄球菌的方法,具有灵敏、快速以及简便等的优点,是一种具有很好的发展前景的检测手段。     

速冻食品中沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌多重PCR检测方法的建立与应用

为实现速冻食品中沙门氏菌(Salmonella spp.)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)的多重聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测,首先优化多重PCR扩增的反应条件,比较基因组DNA提取方法,结果表明：退火温度采用60℃、各引物浓度200nmol/L及扩增循环35次,本多重PCR检测技术可以有效地将沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌同时检出,检测特异性为100%。3种DNA提取方法中试剂盒法纯度最高,检出限分别是31、26DNA copies/reaction。经过在人工污染致病菌的速冻水饺中应用试验后,该多重PCR方法经过4h的增菌培养即可从速冻水饺中同时检测出起始菌落数低至100CFU/g的沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。     

基于裸磁珠的金黄色葡萄球菌富集优化

本文研究了裸磁珠对金黄色葡萄球菌吸附效果,优化吸附条件,研究金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌混合菌液的吸附情况,最终将其应用于牛肉样品中金黄色葡萄球菌的检测。通过实验,优化裸磁珠吸附菌体的最小磁珠用量,最小吸附体积和最短吸附时间,并分析是否满足荧光PCR检测需要。结果表明:裸磁珠对浓度为102～107 cfu/mL金黄色葡萄球菌的吸附率在95%以上,有较好吸附效果;10 mg裸磁珠在5 mL菌液中吸附10 min,从磁珠上提取的DNA浓度和纯度可以满足荧光PCR的检测要求;裸磁珠在混合菌体中吸附到的金黄色葡萄球菌可以被荧光PCR检测出来,裸磁珠在牛肉样品中吸附浓度为102 cfu/mL金黄色葡萄球菌提取的DNA可以被荧光PCR检测出来。因此,裸磁珠可用于食品中金黄色葡萄球菌的富集,满足荧光PCR检测菌体量要求。     

基于纳米金标记的金黄色葡萄球菌可视化检测方法研究

目的 以纳米金为载体, 对金黄色葡萄球菌进行可视化检测。方法 将与金黄色葡萄球菌目标序列互补的DNA 1和DNA 2连接到纳米金上, 当体系中出现金黄色葡萄球菌目标序列时, 两条短链DNA就会与目标序列杂交, 使纳米金之间的距离拉近, 从而使纳米金发生团聚, 导致纳米金的颜色从酒红色变为蓝色。由于金黄色葡萄球菌目标序列浓度的不同, 从而引起纳米金之间团聚的程度不同, 纳米金就会相应的呈现出不同的颜色变化, 这样就可达到可视化检测的目的。结果 在最优实验条件下, 本方法在检测金黄色葡萄球菌目标序列时, 浓度在1~1000 pmol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系, 检出限为0.5 pmol/L; 检测金黄色葡萄球菌时, 线性范围为30~9800 CFU/mL, 检出限为25 CFU/mL。结论 通过特异性和加标回收实验, 证明本方法可以用于实际样品的检测。     

免疫磁珠-环介导等温扩增快速检测牛肉中的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌与金黄色葡萄球菌

建立免疫磁珠分离（immunomagnetic separation,IMS）联合环介导等温扩增（loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP）技术检测牛肉中鼠伤寒沙门氏菌与金黄色葡萄球菌的方法。用生物素标记的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌抗体和生物素标记的金黄色葡萄球菌菌体蛋白抗体对链霉亲和素磁珠进行功能化,从牛肉中捕获和分离目标致病菌。结果表明：经优化后,每毫克磁珠与10 μL鼠伤寒沙门氏菌抗体偶联,400 μL鼠伤寒沙门氏菌免疫磁珠在45 min内对104 CFU/mL鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的捕获率为52.16%;每毫克磁珠与6 μL金黄色葡萄球菌抗体偶联,300 μL金黄色葡萄球菌免疫磁珠在30 min内对104 CFU/mL金黄色葡萄球菌的捕获率为56.80%;建立的IMS-LAMP方法特异性高,对牛肉中鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的检测灵敏度为1.2×103 CFU/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌的检测灵敏度为4.4×104 CFU/mL;富集5 h后,鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的检测限可至1.2 CFU/mL,富集7 h后,金黄色葡萄球菌的检测限可降至4.4 CFU/mL。建立的IMS-LAMP方法用时短,灵敏度高,操作简单,可以有效检测牛肉中的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。     

免疫磁球捕获-PCR检测牛奶中金黄色葡萄球菌的研究

对免疫磁球捕获-PCR(IMS-PCR)检测牛奶中金黄色葡萄球菌进行了初步研究。优化了免疫磁球制备参数,确定了金黄色葡萄球菌免疫磁球对目标菌的结合时间。研究结果显示,当纯菌浓度为101~104CFU/m L水平时,金黄色葡萄球菌免疫磁球对目标菌的捕获率大于80%。通过对目标菌和非目标菌的检测,IMS-PCR检测方法显示了很强的特异性;在纯培养、无需增菌情况,IMS-PCR检测方法检测限为104CFU/m L;牛奶中的金黄色葡萄球菌经磁分离后增菌2h用PCR检测,可检测出104CFU/m L的金黄色葡萄球菌。     

重组酶聚合酶恒温扩增结合乳胶微球试纸条快速检测金黄色葡萄球菌

通过建立一种将重组酶聚合酶恒温扩增(recombinase polymerase amplification,RPA)与乳胶微球试纸条(latex microsphere test strips,LMTS)相结合的方法,快速检测金黄色葡萄球菌。根据金黄色葡萄球菌保守区序列(nuc)设计特异性引物,经RPA扩增后用LMTS检测,确定RPA-LMTS检测金黄色葡萄球菌的灵敏度和特异性。灵敏度结果显示RPA-LMTS检测限为500 fg DNA和1.2×101 CFU/mL纯菌液;特异性结果表明与沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌O157∶H7、志贺氏菌、产气肠杆菌和单增李斯特菌无交叉反应,特异性良好;用食物样品评估RPA-LMTS检测效果,结果显示经过增菌3小时后,RPA-LMTS可检测1.2×100 CFU/mL(g)的金黄色葡萄球菌。     

Development of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for detection and differentiation of Staphylococcus aureus in dairy products

A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for the detection and differentiation of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in dairy products. A solvent extraction procedure was successfully modified for extraction of S. aureus DNA from 10 ml of artificially contaminated skim milk or 20 g cheddar cheese. Primers targeting the enterotoxin C gene (entC) and thermostable nuclease gene (nuc) were used in the multiplex PCR. PCR products were confirmed using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. DNA was consistently quantified and amplified by uniplex PCR from 10 CFU/ml of S. aureus in skim milk or 10 CFU/20 g cheddar cheese. The sensitivity of the multiplex PCR was 100 CFU/ml of skim milk or 100 CFU/20 g cheddar cheese. The developed methodology allows presumptive identification and differentiation of enterotoxigenic S. aureus in less than 6 h.     

Detection of the apr gene in proteolytic psychrotrophic bacteria isolated from refrigerated raw milk

Bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas have been associated with the spoilage of raw milk and dairy products due to the production of thermostable proteolytic enzymes. The apr gene encodes for alkaline metalloprotease in Pseudomonas and other related bacteria. Its presence in psychrotrophic proteolytic bacteria isolated from raw milk collected from cooling tanks was verified. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used with degenerate primers. Total DNA from 112 isolates was pooled in different groups and then used as template for the amplification reactions. Controls consisted of DNA extracted from 26 cultures. An expected DNA fragment of 194 bp was detected in groups that contained bacteria identified as Pseudomonas. The PCR product was observed only when DNA from control cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Serratia marcescens and Aeromonas hydrophila were used. A detection limit assay indicated that the apr gene could be directly amplified from pasteurized milk inoculated with 10(8) CFU/ml of P. fluorescens. With this method it was possible to detect proteolytic bacteria at 10(5) CFU/ml in reconstituted skim milk powder if cells were recovered for DNA extraction before amplification.     

Qualitative and quantitative identification of adulteration of milk powder using DNA extracted with a novel method

The extraction of high-quality DNA from processed dairy products is often the crucial step in an authentication process by PCR-based methods. In this study, we optimized a novel DNA extraction method for milk powder and used the extracted DNA for identification of milk powder based on PCR analysis. The DNA quality was assessed by amplifying target sequences from mitochondrial genes, as well as by monitoring the yield, purity, and integrity of the extracted DNA. In addition, a laboratory adulteration model of milk powder was detected by PCR-based methods (PCR and real-time PCR) using primers targeting the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. Results showed that a sufficient amount and quality of DNA could be isolated from milk powder with this method. Both PCR and real-time PCR detection of cow milk compositions in goat milk powder further confirmed the DNA extracted with this extraction method could be widely used in addressing milk powder adulterant by a PCR-based method.     

恒温隔绝式聚合酶链式反应检测食品中金黄色葡萄球菌

建立一种恒温隔绝式聚合酶链式反应(insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction,iiPCR)检测食品中金黄色葡萄球菌的方法.根据nuc基因设计特异性引物、探针,并探索针对食品样品快速提取金黄色葡萄球菌模板DNA的方法;通过优化引物、探针及模板的用量,对iiPCR的特异性、...     

一种适用于乳制品基因组DNA快速提取方法的研究

目的对比NaOH裂解法、PBS裂解法以及直接煮沸法3种方法提取乳制品中核酸的提取效果,优化提取条件,确定一种更适用于现场检测、简便快速的的乳制品DNA快速提取技术。方法以牛奶、水牛奶、牦牛奶、羊奶、骆驼奶、以及驴奶6种常见的乳制品为材料,分别用NaOH裂解法、PBS裂解法以及直接煮沸法3种提取方法提取乳制品中的DNA,并根据裂解液用量和裂解时间进行优化,通过PCR扩增和琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析,检测DNA提取的质量和灵敏度。结果 NaOH裂解法能够提取所有物种的乳制品DNA,而且可以在最佳裂解条件下提取模拟掺假混合乳的DNA进行检测,发现其检测限能达到1%的牛奶含量。结论该方法取样量小,成本低,在15 min内即可完成快速提取,为实验室乳制品DNA定性或定量鉴别,以及乳制品的现场掺假鉴别提供了一种快速灵敏低成本的样品前处理技术。     

多重实时荧光定量PCR快速检测婴幼儿奶粉中沙门氏菌、克罗诺杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌

目的建立多重实时荧光定量PCR(multiplex quantitative real-time PCR,multiplex qPCR)快速检测奶粉中金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌和克罗诺杆菌3种常见致病菌的方法。方法筛选目标菌株的特异性引物与探针,优化反应体系,建立稳定的多重q PCR反应体系。通过阳性菌株加标的方式验证体系的特异性,并确定人工污染奶粉的检出限。结果各对引物探针对目标菌株均能扩增,多重实时荧光PCR未发现交叉反应,对17株非目标菌进行检测均未检出,人工污染奶粉中克罗诺杆菌和沙门氏菌的检出限均为10~3 CFU/mL,金黄色葡萄球菌的检出限为10~4 CFU/mL。结论本研究方法可实现婴幼儿奶粉样品中3种致病菌qPCR高效率检测。     

Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine milk in Hungary

Staphylococcus aureus is a major foodborne pathogen due to its capability to produce a wide range of heat-stable enterotoxins. The primary purpose of this research was to characterize S. aureus isolates recovered from mammary quarter milk of mastitic cows and from bulk tank milk produced on Hungarian dairy farms of different sizes. Macrorestriction analysis of chromosomal DNA from S. aureus isolates was performed using the restriction enzyme SmaI followed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The prevalence rates of nine S. aureus enterotoxin genes (sea, seb, sec, sed, see, seg, seh, sei, and sej) and of the toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 gene (tst) were determined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The bulk tank milks of 14 out of 20 farms were contaminated with S. aureus at levels of up to 6.0x10(3 )CFU/ml. Farm size had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the S. aureus counts in bulk milk. The prevalence rates of penicillin resistance were 88.9% and 20.0% among the S. aureus recovered from mastitic quarter milk and bulk tank milk, respectively. After phenotypic characterization, a total of 59 S. aureus isolates were selected for genotyping. PFGE analysis revealed 22 distinct pulsotypes, including 14 main types and 8 subtypes, at a similarity level of 86%. Only one or two main types were observed on each of the farms tested, indicating a lack of genetic diversity among S. aureus isolates within farms, and there were only two pulsotypes which occurred on more than one farm. The PFGE patterns showed genetic relatedness between the S. aureus strains recovered from quarter milk and bulk milk on two large farms, implying that on farms having a high number of mastitic cows, S. aureus from infected udders may contaminate bulk milk and, subsequently, raw milk products. Sixteen (27.1%) of the S. aureus isolates tested by multiplex PCR were found to be positive for enterotoxin genes, with 15 of them carrying just one gene and one strain carrying two genes (seg and sei). The most commonly detected toxin genes were seb, sea, and sec, whereas none of our isolates possessed the see, seh, sej, or tst genes. On 75% of the dairy farms surveyed, no enterotoxigenic staphylococci were recovered from either mastitic quarter milk or bulk tank milk.     

Real-time PCR detection of Staphylococcus aureus in milk and meat using new primers designed from the heat shock protein gene htrA sequence

Staphylococcus aureus may cause foodborne disease outbreaks and staphylococcal infections and is one of the major causes of mastitis. Rapid and reliable methods for detection of this microorganism in milk and other foods are needed. In this study, we designed a primer set from the sequence of the heat shock protein gene htrA, a gene coding for high-temperature-requirement A (HtrA) protein, and used it for real-time PCR detection of S. aureus isolates: 16 reference strains and 40 strains isolated from food-poisoning cases. All strains tested generated positive results. Bacterial strains other than S. aureus, including strains of other Staphylococcus species, did not produce positive results. When this primer set was used for the real-time PCR detection of S. aureus in milk and meat samples without the preenrichment step, samples with target cell numbers greater than 10(3) CFU/ml or CFU/g could be detected, indicating the potential quantitative ability of this real-time PCR assay. With a 10-h preenrichment step, however, a detection limit of 1 CFU/ml or CFU/g could be obtained.     

Taqman探针实时PCR检测金黄色葡萄球菌的研究

建立了Taqman探针实时PCR方法,针对乳中携带sea基因的金黄色葡萄球菌进行检测。研究所设计的引物具有良好的特异性,而且Taqman探针实时PCR方法检测sea基因的灵敏度高,最低检出限为69 fg,并且该方法可在8 h内完成人工污染乳中金黄色葡萄球菌的检测,最低检出限为83 cfu/mL。研究所建立的方法具有特异性强、灵敏性高及操作简便等优点,适宜于牛乳中金黄色葡萄球菌污染的调查及监测。