白腐菌处理前后苇浆CEH漂白废液中氯代酚类化合物的气相色谱—质谱分析

气相色谱—质谱分析检测表明：苇辈CEH漂白的氯化段和碱处理段废液中均含有氯代酚和氯代愈创木酚，氯化段废液中的氯代酚相对含量高于氯代愈创木酚，碱处理段废液中两类氯代酚类化合物的相对含量接近。次氯酸盐漂白段废液中的氯代酚类化合物含量极少。经过载体吸附法固定的白腐菌处理之后，苇辈CEH漂白混合废液中的氯代酚类化合物含量大为降低。     

湿地松KP浆少氯高白度漂白方法的研究

进行了湿地松硫酸盐浆Ｄ／Ｃ－Ｅｏ－Ｄ及ＯＤ／Ｃ－Ｅｏ－Ｏ的少氯漂白方法的研究，结果表明，在氯化段用ＣｌＯ２取代３０％￣５０％氯的Ｄ／Ｃ氯化与用氯氯化比较，可以提高浆的白度及平均聚合度，降低浆及废液中有机氯的生成量，减少化学药品消耗量，在碱处理段通氧，终漂浆的白度可以提高，达到８９％ＩＳＯ，平均聚合度９９１，浆及废液中的有机氯含量进一步降低。     

硫酸盐荻苇浆少氯漂白的研究

进行了硫酸盐荻苇浆少氯漂白的研究。结果表明，在ＣＥＨ漂白中，Ｅ段加Ｈ２Ｏ２处理，可明显提高漂后浆的白度。采用ＣＥｐＨ和ＥｐＨＰ漂白程序，在保持纸浆白度不变的前提下，减少Ｃ段和Ｈ段有效氯用量，漂后浆的物理强度有一定提高；废液中有机氯含量大大降低。     

草浆CEH漂白废水的污染特征

本文对国内二种草浆ＣＥＨ漂白废水的特性进行了较详细的分析研究。研究表明，两种草浆ＣＥＨ漂白废水呈较强的酸性，ＣＯＤ与ＢＯＤ５之比小于０．２，Ｃｌ＾－含量高，不适合于传统的生物氧化法直接处理。废水中的高分子有机物污染物是废水色度的主要来源，两种废水的色度和ｐＨ值密切相关。亚硫酸盐浆ＣＥＨ漂白混合废水ＧＣ－ＭＳ分析结果表明，各种氯代苯、氯代苯酚、氯代愈创木酚是该废水中典型的毒性氯代有机污染物。     

苇浆CEH漂白废水中关键毒性物质的鉴别

以苇浆CEH漂白废水为研究对象,采用发光细菌急性毒性测试方法、GC-MS分析技术和QSAR技术研究各段漂白废水的急性毒性,并对废水中的关键毒性物质进行鉴别.结果表明,1,3,3-三氯-4-甲基-2-戊酮、3,4,5-三氯愈创木酚、3,4,6-三氯愈创木酚、2,4,5-三氯苯酚、2.氯萘、2,4,6-三氯苯酚、2,6-二氯苯酚和2,5-二氯苯酚是苇浆C段漂白废水中的关键毒物.3-氯苯酚、2,4-二氯苯酚、2,5-二氯苯酚、2,4,6-三氯苯酚、3,4-二氯愈创木酚、4,6-二氯愈创木酚、4,5-二氯愈创木酚、3,4,6-三氯愈创木酚、四氯愈创木酚是E段废水中的关键毒物.五氯环丙烷是H段废水中的关键毒物.     

芦苇亚硫酸铵法浆的CEpH漂白

芦苇亚硫酸铵法浆的ＣＥｐＨ漂白亚铵法制浆因其废液能用作农肥而具有一定的环保意义。但亚铵浆颜色较暗又为其广泛应用带来一定的局限性。我国目前为数众多的造纸厂所采用的ＣＥＨ三段漂白，其废液中均含有三氯甲烷和二等致癌物质。因此，研究少氯漂白、无元素氯漂白（Ｅ...     

减少次氯酸盐漂白产生有害物质的研究

对蔗渣硫酸盐浆次氯酸盐漂白时如何减少有机结合氯和三氯甲烷的含量进行了研究，结果表明：在次氯酸盐漂白时加入Ｈ２Ｏ２并加入催化剂和用光照，能有效地减少废液中ＣＨＣｌ３的含量，纸浆和废液中有机结合氯的含量亦有所减少。通过Ｈ２Ｏ２ＣＨＣｌ３反应产物的气相色谱和电子自旋共振分析，以及氯苯酚类化合物与Ｈ２Ｏ２反应所发生的光致降解实验的结果，阐明了在次氯酸盐漂白时加入Ｈ２Ｏ２能减少ＣＨＣｌ３和有机结合氯含量的机     

在氯化段采用不同ClO2取代率的漂白工艺的探讨

本文对湿地松硫酸盐浆漂白的氯化段以不同取代率的ＣｌＯ２取代部分氯的漂白工艺进行了探讨。研究结果表明：用ＣｌＯ２代替部分氯进行氯化，能使浆的ＫＭｎＯ４值降低，白度和聚合度提高，废液和浆中的有机结合氯降降低。在相同的氯化工艺条件下，其白度以５０／５０取代率较其他取代工艺条件下，其余均以３０／７０取代率的各项浆质量指标为最好。从而说明，ＣｌＯ２取代部分Ｃｌ２，其取代率并非越高越好。     

氯在纸浆和漂白废水中的分布

本试验比较系统地测定了氯化和碱抽提后,浆和漂白废水中有机氯的含量,研究了氯在纸浆和漂白废才中的分布。结果表明,在总用氯置中,约有24～30％左右的氯与残留浆中溶于废液中的木素相结合。浆中有机结合氯占总有机氯的73～90％。经过氧碱抽提后,可使50～70％左右的有机氯发生碱性水解。E_o和E相比,E_o段比E段降低更多总有机氯的含量。     

麦草浆CEH三段漂白强化

进行了麦草浆ＣＥｐＨ、ＣＥＨＰ和ＣＥＰＨＰ的漂白研究，结果表明在常规ＣＥＨ三段漂的碱处理段加入Ｈ２Ｏ２，可大大提高漂白浆白度。螯合剂ＮＡ７ＤＴＰＭＡＰＡ能防止Ｈ２Ｏ２降解并提高白度。     

含氯漂白废水深度处理技术的研究进展

综合论述了含氯漂白废水的污染状况,国内外处理含氯漂白废水的方法,对含氯漂白废水处理的研究进展做了阐述,介绍了四种含氯漂白废水处理新技术,为以后含氯漂白废水处理的发展提供思路。     

造纸废水的混凝-水解-接触氧化处理技术

研究了以混凝、厌氧酸化、生物接触氧化一体化反应器处理含氯漂折护望洋兴叹，水力停留时间为15h时，整个系统CODCr、BOD5、AOX、毒性值去除率分别达88.1%、81%、98.4%、92%。混凝单元主要去除大分子氯代有机物；厌氧单元通过还原脱氯及酸性水解，使氯代有机物得到了基本的去除；好氧单元对CODCr有较高的去除率。红外光谱的分析结果表明：废水中既有木素又有纤维素和半纤维素，虽然漂白废水厌氧处理技术不如好氧处理，但厌氧、好氧联合处理可有效地提高处理效果。     

蔗渣浆ECF和TCF漂白流程的比较

本论文主要是以传统CEH漂白为参考基准,对蔗渣浆的无元素氯漂白(ECF)流程DQP和全无氯漂白(TCF)流程OQP进行比较,包括漂后纸浆的性质(粘度、返黄值以及裂断长、撕裂指数、耐破指数)和漂白废水的污染负荷(CODcr,BODs,SS和AOX),结果发现OQP和DQP漂后纸浆都具有较高的强度性能、较好的白度稳定性,而且废水具有较低的污染负荷.     

Detection of Chlorophenolic Compounds in Bleaching Effluents of Chemical Pulps

Laboratory bleaching effluents from the chlorination and caustic extraction stages of mixed wood kraft pulp processing have been analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively for various chlorophenolics by using GC.A number of chlorinated derivaties of phenols,catechols,guaiacols and syringaldehydes have been detected and their concentrations are estimated.The results are compared with that of different agriculture residue / hardwood pulps,which were reported in literature.The concentrations of various compounds detected have also been compared with their reported 96LC50 values.     

白腐菌对苇浆CEH漂白废水的脱色作用

本文分析了苇浆ＣＥＨ漂白各段废水的污染负荷，讨论了白腐菌对漂白废水的脱色条件。     

桉木化学浆漂白废水污染负荷及其超滤处理特性的研究

对按木化学浆漂白废水的污染负荷及其超滤处理特性进行了研究。结果表明，ＣＥＨ三段漂白废水的主要污染来自Ｃ、Ｅ两段，占总负荷的８０％左右。用本试验的ＰＳ膜进行超滤处理后，漂白废水的ＢＯＤ５值达到国家二级排放标准，其余指标均达到一级排放标准。     

A Comparative Assessment of Nutritional Composition,Total Phenolic,Total Flavonoid,Antioxidant Capacity,and Antioxidant Vitamins of Two Types of Malaysian Underutilized Fruits (Averrhoa Bilimbi and Averrhoa Carambola)

Nutritional composition, total phenolic content, total flavonoid, antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant vitamins of bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi) and carambola (Averrhoa carambola) were determined and compared in this study. Bilimbi was found to contain higher moisture, ash, carbohydrate, protein, fat, and dietary fiber compared to carambola. Total phenolic content was higher in carambola although bilimbi yielded more total flavonoid. Vitamins A, C, and E contents of bilimbi were also higher than carambola. Antioxidant and scavenging activity as determined by β-carotene bleaching assay and DPPH radical scavenging assay of carambola were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than bilimbi. These results suggested that carambola was a potent natural antioxidant food and that contribution of phenolic compounds to its antioxidant capacity was greater than that of antioxidant vitamins.     

残氯对漂白废水毒性测试的影响

利用发光细菌法测试了蔗渣浆CEH漂白废水的毒性,对比了在有残氯和无残氯两种情况下,漂白废水毒性的变化。结果发现,废水中残氯含量越高,废水毒性的增率越大,残氯对测试生物毒性有重要影响,在研究纸浆漂白废水中主要有机物的毒性时要注意消除废水中的残氯。     

Antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibitory, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) seed and its pericarp

The present study evaluates antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibitory, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities of seed and its pericarp of tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.). Water and methanol extracts of tea seed and pericarp were prepared in a shaking incubator overnight at room temperature. The highest total phenolic contents, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, reducing power, β-carotene bleaching inhibition activity, highest tyrosinase inhibitory activity, and AChE inhibitiory activity were found in the methanol extracts of pericarp. Caffeine, gallic acid, several phenolic compounds, hydroxymethyl furfural, and fatty acid derived compounds were detected in the extract of tea seed and pericarp. The results indicate that seed and pericarp could be utilized as the potential resources for antioxidant ingredients in food industry. In addition, these compounds may protect Alzheimer’s disease as they had inhibitory activity of acetylcholine esterase.     

The occurrence and characterisation of phenolic compounds in Camelina sativa seed, cake and oil

In this study, the antioxidant activities of Camelina sativa methanolic extracts were evaluated by different chemical assays: reducing power, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) assay, the β-carotene bleaching method and the metal chelating activity assay. An LC-MS profiling method was used for a comprehensive study of the phenolic compounds and their representation in camelina seeds, cake and oil. For this purpose, 4-vinyl derivatives of hydroxycinnamic acids were synthesized by thermal decarboxylation of the corresponding phenolic acids and sinapine was isolated from kale (Brassica oleracea) applying a new method and confirmed by NMR. The results revealed that besides the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, seeds and cake also possess a similar phenolic profile. In addition to sinapine and 4-vinyl derivatives, other antioxidants were successfully identified: ellagic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, sinapic acid, salicylic acid, catechin, rutin, quercetin and quercetin glucoside. Since after oil pressing most of the phenolic compounds remain in the seed residues, only a few compounds were identified in the oil. Camelina cake was found to have the best reducing power and radical scavenging activity, whereas camelina oil, with a relatively low phenolic content, exhibited the highest iron-chelating capacity and the best inhibitory action against β-carotene discolouration in an emulsified system.