超声电沉积在制备纳米复合镀层中的研究进展

介绍了超声波在纳米复合电沉积技术中的应用,阐述了超声波对镀层的表面形貌、显微硬度、磨损量、耐腐蚀性能等的影响,并总结了该领域的研究现状。超声波在电沉积过程中能够有效缓解纳米粒子在镀液中存在的问题,细化金属晶粒,增加纳米粒子在复合镀层中的复合量,改善纳米复合镀层性能,因此在纳米复合镀层领域中具有广阔的发展前景。     

埋砂复合电沉积法制备铜基金刚石复合材料

铜基金刚石复合材料可结合铜与金刚石的优良物理性能,实现航空电子系统及其元器件轻质、高导热、低膨胀的性能要求。考察了复合电沉积工艺对复合材料金刚石质量分数和致密度的影响;通过对埋砂复合电沉积的预镀时间、上砂镀时间以及加厚镀时间等工艺参数的优化,获得金刚石分布均匀,致密度较高的铜基金刚石复合材料;并根据3种粒径金刚石的埋砂工艺参数拟合了金刚石粒径与复合电沉积工艺的关系。     

电沉积法制备多功能复合材料研究动态与发展趋势

综述了近年来国内外在复合电沉积制备多功能复合材料方面的研究动态与发展趋势;重点探讨了多元复合电沉积、多元脉冲复合电沉积、脉冲喷射电沉积、纳米复合电沉积以及功能梯度材料的复合电沉积等方面的研究现状和发展趋势。结果表明：这五类复合材料镀层的性能比传统的单金属镀层、合金镀层及其复合镀层更加优异,在今后的发展中将有更广阔的应用前景。     

电沉积法制备块体纳米晶材料的研究进展

综述了电沉积法制备块体纳米晶材料的原理;阐述了电流密度、电流波形、有机添加剂等工艺参数对沉积层晶粒尺寸的影响;介绍了直流电沉积、脉冲电沉积、喷射电沉积和复合电沉积等几种常见的电沉积方法;概述了电沉积法制备块体纳米晶材料的国内外研究现状;探讨了电沉积块体纳米晶材料的力学性能、磁学性能、耐蚀性能、热稳定性及其应用前景.     

复合电沉积制备镍基纳米碳管复合材料的方法

一种复合电沉积制备镍基纳米碳管复合材料的方法，以能够沉积镍或者镍合金的各种常用镀液体系作为基础镀液，将经过常规钝化除杂处理的纳米碳管作为添加剂进入其中，构成能够沉积金属基纳米碳管复合材料的新型复合镀液，然后按照一般电镀／化学镀的操作方法，借助通电或者自发化学反应过程促使镍或者镍合金在一定的基体上沉积的同时，使纳米碳管与金属共沉积，制备镍基或者镍合金基纳米碳管复合材料。     

电沉积Ni-W非晶态合金复合镀层研究

研究了在Ni－W非晶态合金镀液中加入ZrO2纳米微粒后的电沉积工艺,得到工艺参数与非晶态复合镀层的成分、结构和镀层在面形貌的关系。加入ZrO2纳米微粒后,提高了Ni-W非晶态复合镀层的高温抗氧化性能和硬度。     

纳米复合电沉积技术研究进展

介绍了纳米复合电沉积技术的研究现状,详细阐述了纳米复合电沉积中电流密度、纳米颗粒特征、颗粒分散等三个因素对镀层性能的影响情况,指出了机理研究和工艺技术研究的发展方向.     

纳米Ni-SiC非晶态复合镀层的制备工艺及性能研究

采用超声-电沉积法,在45钢表面制备纳米Ni-SiC非晶态复合镀层.研究镀液中纳米SiC粒子的悬浮量、超声功率和电沉积条件对复合镀层的影响.利用扫描电镜、电子探针、显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机等对复合镀层的形貌、组织结构及性能进行分析研究.结果表明,采用适当的超声-电沉积工艺(SiC粒子的悬浮量4 g/L,超声功率200 W),可以制备性能较好的纳米Ni-SiC复合镀层,其磨损量约为镍镀层的1/5,显微硬度是镍镀层的3倍左右.     

颗粒增强铜基复合材料的研究进展

为了研究颗粒增强相对铜基复合材料的性能的影响,对不同类型铜基复合材料的特点及其制备方法进行对比分析,探讨了颗粒相的生成机制,重点论述了颗粒增强相的类型及铜基复合材料的制备工艺.结果表明在铜基体中引入纳米分散相进行复合,可以使铜合金的力学性能得到极大改善,其中机械合金化和原位复合化学反应获得的纳米陶瓷颗粒在铜基复合材料中效果最佳;反应喷射沉积成型法、液相反应原位生成法和机械合金化法在制备纳米粒子增强铜基复合材料方面有着良好的应用前景.     

基于BP神经网络的Ni-SiC复合电沉积工艺参数优选研究

在复合电沉积工艺中,通过优选工艺参数可以获得纳米颗粒复合量较高的复合沉积层,以使其具有某些特殊的性能。本文运用正交试验法优化了对复合沉积层中纳米颗粒复合量有较大影响的各工艺参数,然后用BP神经网络分析方法对其结果进行分析处理。预测并得到较正交试验法所得最优工艺水平组合时复合量更高的复合沉积层,同时对所得复合沉积层进行了表面形貌观察和能谱分析。     

Effect of fabrication process on electrical properties of polymer/multi-wall carbon nanotube nanocomposites

Polymer/carbon nanotubes nanocomposites were fabricated by an in situ polymerization process using multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) as filler in an epoxy polymer. Effects of curing process, mixing speed, mixing time, addition of ethanol, timing of hardener addition, etc., in the fabrication process on the electrical properties of nanocomposites have been investigated. In the fabrication process, the effective formation of macroscopic conducting network in matrix is most important to enhance the electrical properties of nanocomposites. It was found that the curing temperature and the mixing conditions are key factors in the fabrication process, which influence the formation of conducting network significantly. Therefore, careful design of these factors in the fabrication process is required to achieve high electrical performances of nanocomposites. The experimental percolation threshold of the resultant nanocomposites was around 0.1 wt%. Moreover, a statistical percolation model was built up to numerically investigate the percolation threshold. The experimental electrical conductivity increases from the percolation threshold following a percolation-like power law with the identified critical exponent t as 1.75.     

聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的研究进展

聚合物/层状硅酸盐(PLS)纳米复合材料是一新兴复合材料,具有优异的性能,是当前材料科学的研究热点之一。本文作者首先简要概述了层状硅酸盐的结构及其表面修饰,其中LS的离子交换容量和插层剂的种类是制备PLS纳米复合材料的关键因素之一;然后介绍了PLS纳米复合材料的制备方法、微观结构及其特点,其主要制备方法是插层复合法,包括插层聚合法和聚合物插层法两种;最后展望了PLS纳米复合材料的发展、特性及应用。      

Al/CNT nanocomposite fabrication on the different property of raw material using a planetary ball mill

In recent years, significant research has been focused on the development of carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced aluminum nanocomposites, which are quickly emerging because of their lightweight, high strength and other mechanical properties. The potential applications of these composites include the automotive and aerospace industries. In this study, powder metallurgy techniques are employed to fabricate aluminum (Al)/CNT nanocomposites with different raw material properties with optimized conditions. We successfully fabricated three different samples, including un-milled Al, un-milled Al with CNT and milled Al with CNT nanocomposites, in the presence of additional CNTs with various experimental conditions using a planetary ball mill. Scanning electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy are used to evaluate the particle morphology and CNT dispersion. The CNTs are well dispersed on the surface of the fabricated milled Al with CNT nanocomposites than un-milled Al with CNT nanocomposites for milling. The fabricated Al/CNT nanocomposites are processed by a compacting, sintering and rolling process. Vickers hardness measurements are used to characterize the mechanical properties. The hardness of the Al/CNT nanocomposites are improved milled Al with CNT nanocomposite compared other fabricated composites.     

Influence of foaming process on the structure–properties relationship of foamed LDPE/silica nanocomposites

In this paper LDPE/silica nanocomposites are foamed by two different processes. First one is the pressure quench method which is based on the use of a physical blowing agent and second one is the improved compression moulding technique. As the latter process uses a chemical blowing agent, both types of foamed nanocomposites will provide very useful information about the relationship between foaming process-microstructure and macroscopic properties. Results have revealed how silica nanoparticles are able to act as nucleating sites during foaming step in both processes; however, the optimum amount of particles strongly depends on the foaming route. Thermal and mechanical properties of solid and foamed nanocomposites have been analyzed by means of thermogravimetric analysis and compression tests. Results have revealed that nanosilica particles act as effective nucleating agents, not only reducing cell size and increasing cell density but also achieving more homogeneous cellular structures. Thermal and mechanical properties are improved due to the presence of silica nanoparticles. It has been found that the improvement degree reached for samples produced using chemical blowing agents is greater than that achieved for samples produced using physical blowing agents.     

Microwave absorption properties of carbon nanotubes dispersed in alumina ceramic

Ceramic nanocomposites of alumina and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are experimentally studied for use as microwave absorbers in particle accelerators. The weight percentage of multi-walled CNTs in SPS sintered nanocomposite samples is varied from 0.5 to 10% and the complex permittivity is measured. The RF absorption is strong and relatively flat in the frequency band 1-40 GHz for a CNT weight percentage in the range 1-2.5%, which is just above the percolation threshold. The permittivity is observed to increase dramatically with increasing CNT weight percentage above the percolation threshold as observed elsewhere, and in accordance with theoretical treatments. The electromagnetic properties of the nanocomposites are little changed in going from 294 K to 77 K. The DC conductivity of the alumina-CNT nanocomposite is also sufficient to drain static charge in particle accelerator beamline environments, even at cryogenic temperatures. Fabrication of the nanocomposites using an industrial RF sintering process compatible with large sizes shows that the microwave absorption properties of small samples are similar to those of the SPS sintered samples.     

Study on mechanical and ablative properties of EPDM/OMMT thermal insulating nanocomposites

In order to enhance the elongation at break, the ablation resistant properties as well as the tensile strength of the thermal insulating materials, organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) was introduced into the short aramid fibers reinforced Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer (EPDM) based nanocomposites. The effects of OMMT content on the mechanical and ablative properties of the nanocomposites were investigated systematically. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirm that EPDM-matrix has been intercalated into OMMT interlayers after a mixing process on a two-roll mill. The brittle fracture of nanocomposites also indicates that OMMT can lubricate aramid fiber to weaken the interfacial adhesive strength between the fibers and the matrix. As a result, the tensile strength and elongation at break are both improved sharply with OMMT content increasing from 1 phr to 7 phr. However, thanks to the inevitable agglomeration of OMMT with high loading inside the nanocomposites, the tensile strength and elongation at break reduce gently once OMMT is over 7 phr. Furthermore, the ablation resistant properties are improved greatly by increasing OMMT from 1 phr to 11 phr. Therefore, the optimal content of OMMT is 7-11 phr for the thermal insulating nanocomposites with big elongation and excellent ablation resistant properties.     

Novel polyamide nanocomposites based on silicate nanotubes of the mineral halloysite

In this study, the silicate nanotubes of the mineral halloysite will be used as reinforcement in polyamide-6 (PA 6). The nanocomposites based on PA-6 and as-received halloysite were prepared by melt extrusion and an adjacent injection moulding process. Mechanical and thermomechanical properties have been investigated by tensile testing and dynamic mechanical analysis. The results show an increased strength and stiffness as well as an enhanced elongation at break at low halloysite content. To evaluate the potential of halloysite as a new candidate in the class of nanofillers, the properties of the halloysite nanocomposites has been compared to those of conventional nanocomposites based on organically modified montmorillonite. From this comparison it can be seen, that both types of nanocomposites show enhanced tensile properties as well as an increased storage modulus, but the increase in tensile strength is more pronounced in the organoclay nanocomposites, whereas the raise of the storage modulus is more prominent in the halloysite nanocomposites.     

Interactions between halloysite nanotubes and 2,5-bis(2-benzoxazolyl) thiophene and their effects on reinforcement of polypropylene/halloysite nanocomposites

Many types of clay tend to absorb organics via electron transferring interactions between the clay and the organics. This may be utilized to design clay incorporated polymer composites with better interfacial properties. In the present paper, 2,5-bis(2-benzoxazolyl) thiophene (BBT), capable of donating electrons, is selected as the interfacial modifier for polypropylene (PP)/halloysite nanotube (HNTs) composites. The electron transfer between HNTs and BBT are confirmed. The mechanical properties and the unique morphology of the nanocomposites are examined. Formation of fibrils of BBT in the presence of HNTs is found in the nanocomposites. The chemical composition of the fibrils in the nanocomposites is found to be composed of largely BBT and a small amount of HNTs. The formation mechanism of BBT fibrils are elucidated to be the strong interactions between BBT and HNTs under melt shearing. The formation of the BBT fibrils leads to much higher crystallinity compared with previously reported PP nanocomposites. The nanocomposites with BBT show substantially increased tensile and flexural properties, which are attributed to the enhanced crystallinity of the nanocomposites.     

乳液插层法制聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料

概述了一种聚合物 /蒙脱土纳米复合材料的新制备方法———乳液插层法。该插层法分为两大类 :聚合物乳液插层和单体乳液插层 ,这两大类又可按各自不同的插层机理进行分类。叙述了蒙脱土和复合材料的结构 ,以及复合材料的一些特性。并对聚合物乳液 /蒙脱土纳米复合材料的插层过程进行了热力学和动力学分析 ,指出将实验室技术产业化是今后发展方向     

聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究进展

对聚合物 /蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构、特性和制备方法做了介绍 ,并对其基础理论和应用开发研究的最新进展状况做了综述