基于伪势模型的表面张力对空化泡溃灭的影响

采用可调节表面张力的大密度比、大黏滞系数比格子玻尔兹曼伪势空化模型模拟了近壁区空化泡溃灭过程,并进一步分析了表面张力和初始空化泡内外压差对空化泡溃灭过程中流场分布的影响,探究了表面张力变化对空化泡溃灭时产生的微射流和溃灭压力演化的影响。结果表明:在近壁区空化泡溃灭过程中,随着表面张力减小,加剧了气液交界面的变形,导致微射流更为集中。同时空化泡在溃灭过程中蓄积的表面能减小,在溃灭时刻迅速释放后,减弱了空化泡溃灭强度,空化泡溃灭最大微射流流速和最大压力均随着表面张力的减小而减小,导致空化泡溃灭时间缩短,增加了壁面引起的Bjerknes力,加剧空化泡朝向壁面溃灭的趋势。     

基于CLSVOF方法的三维单个上升气泡运动的数值模拟

运用CLSVOF方法数值模拟了三维单气泡在液体中的上升和变形过程,分别考察了液体的表面张力和浮力对上升气泡变形的影响。计算结果表明:CLSVOF方法能比较精确地跟踪三维单气泡在液体中的上升过程;在相同密度比和粘度比情况下,随着液体表面张力的减小和液体浮力的增大,气泡底部形成的射流使得气泡下缘凹陷变得明显,变形幅度加大,射流穿透气泡的时间提前。     

水力发电引水系统水体共振的数值模拟

分析了某水力发电厂水轮机组在紧急关机试验过程中出现的异常强烈的振动现象。考虑水为可压缩黏性流体，采用瞬态动力响应仿真软件，按照原型参数对水体共振进行数值模拟。研究了冲击载荷引起的水体自由振荡信号，得到水体振荡主频率。在引水管末端用平板的横向振动引入压强扰动，观察到强迫振动频率接近水体主频率时发生共振，而且在整个引水管内的水体都有较强烈响应，证实了水体共振发生的可能性。对共振发生时的压强信号进行小波分解，发现引水系统的压强信号中响应幅度最大的小波分量的频率低于强迫振动频率。计算结果还表明水的黏性和壁面粘附条     

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS ON BUBBLE COLLAPSE NEAR BOUNDARIES

Collapse of a spark-generated bubble near rigid or deformable surfaces is studied experimentally with a high speed cammera. The formation of a bubble wall jet has been observed and discussed. Results from experimental studies on the effect of liquid viscosity on bubble collapse near the rigid wall are also presented.     

Modeling of single film bubble and numerical study of the plateau structure in foam system

The single-film bubble has a special geometry with a certain amount of gas shrouded by a thin layer of liquid film under the surface tension force both on the inside and outside surfaces of the bubble. Based on the mesh-less moving particle semi-implicit(MPS) method, a single-film double-gas-liquid-interface surface tension(SDST) model is established for the single-film bubble,which characteristically has totally two gas-liquid interfaces on both sides of the film. Within this framework, the conventional surface free energy surface tension model is improved by using a higher order potential energy equation between particles, and the modification results in higher accuracy and better symmetry properties. The complex interface movement in the oscillation process of the single-film bubble is numerically captured, as well as typical flow phenomena and deformation characteristics of the liquid film.In addition, the basic behaviors of the coalescence and connection process between two and even three single-film bubbles are studied, and the cases with bubbles of different sizes are also included. Furthermore, the classic plateau structure in the foam system is reproduced and numerically proved to be in the steady state for multi-bubble connections.     

下呼吸道重开的生物流体力学研究：理论分析

本文理论分析了受阻塞肺下呼吸道重开的生物流体力学问题，解控制流动的低雷诺数的Stokes方程，得出阻塞液前阵面和指状气泡前阵面的位置、速度等公式。所得结果和作者前文所发表的实验结果[17]吻合得相当好，进一步分析表明阻塞液粘度、管径和外加压强对流以动有较大影响，毛细数Ca同样受到这些参数的影响。     

速凝浆液岩体倾斜裂隙注浆扩散模型研究

针对以往渗透注浆扩散模型常以水平平板裂隙面为前提,未考虑岩体裂隙面产状对注浆扩散机制的影响问题,选取工程地质灾害处理中常用的水泥-水玻璃双浆液(C-S浆液)为速凝类注浆材料,将C-S浆液流型看成是具有黏度时变性的宾汉流体进行分析。基于流体力学理论及粗糙裂隙等效水力开度的确定方法,同时考虑了浆液自重作用的影响,建立了恒速率注浆条件下反映浆液黏度时空变化的倾斜裂隙注浆扩散模型。在此基础上,推导了浆液扩散区内的黏度及压力时空分布方程,定量确定了注浆压力与注浆时间及浆液扩散距离的关系。最后,借助于室内试验和有限元分析程序,研究了恒速率注浆时不同裂隙面产状下的浆液扩散规律,并将数值模拟结果与理论计算值进行对比,进一步验证了所建立的注浆扩散模型的有效性和合理性。研究成果可为注浆工程速凝类浆液注浆参数的确定提供借鉴。     

汽液黏滞系数对空化泡溃灭过程影响的数值模拟

利用格子玻尔兹曼方法(LBM)伪势模型模拟了近壁区空化泡溃灭过程,分析了不同汽相黏滞系数和液相黏滞系数对空化泡溃灭过程中的最大微射流流速、最大溃灭压力、最大溃灭时间的影响。结果表明,相同液相黏滞系数条件下,改变汽相黏滞系数,空化泡溃灭时产生的最大微射流流速、最大溃灭压力和最大溃灭时间不变;保持汽相黏滞系数不变,空化泡溃灭时最大溃灭压力、最大微射流流速均随着液相黏滞系数的增大而减小,但最大溃灭时间随着液相黏滞系数的增大而增大。     

温粘效应下椭圆瓦轴承动特性系数一维模型算法分析

该文建立了轴向解析、周向有限元压力分布的一维变粘度场有限宽椭圆瓦轴承动特性系数模型.忽略泊肃叶流项对速度的影响,不考虑轴向温度变化并沿径向方向积分,三维能量方程可降阶为平均温度场只沿周向分布的一维形式,与雷诺方程解耦.采用一维直接解法求解雷诺方程和轴承在平衡点的挠动和速度方程.既考虑了温粘效应对轴承动力学性能的影响,又提供了无需迭代确定油膜破裂边界和求解油膜力和动特性系数快速算法.作为应用,对进油槽位于水平两侧的椭圆瓦轴承进行了动力润滑热效应分析,与工程数据比较,计算结果稳合,证明该模型合理,适用于工程上多瓦轴承的分析计算.     

IMPROVEMENT OF BUBBLE MODEL FOR CAVITATING FLOW SIMULATIONS

In the present research,a bubble dynamics based model for cavitating flow simulations is extended to higher void fraction region for wider range of applications.The present bubble model is based on the so-called Rayleigh-Plesset equation that calculates a temporal bubble radius with the surrounding liquid pressure and is considered to be valid in an area below a certain void fraction.The solution algorithm is modified so that the Rayleigh-Plesset equation is no more solved once the bubble radius(or void fraction)reaches at a certain value till the liquid pressure recovers above the vapor pressure in order to overcome this problem.This procedure is expected to stabilize the numerical calculation.The results of simple two-dimensional flow field are presented compared with the existing bubble model.     

水电站主厂房附属机电设备隔振有限元分析

结合某坝后式水电站厂房实际工程,采用有限单元法,在流道脉动压力作用下弹簧阻尼隔振体系对水电站厂房内调速器设备的隔振效果进行了分析研究。结果表明：在15 Hz 脉动压力作用下厂房出现整体竖向振动,发电机层楼板振幅急剧增大,对布置在其上的机电设备有很强的冲击作用;当隔振体系自振频率为4．5 Hz ～5．0 Hz 时,隔振体系对低频脉动压力引起的振动有轻微的放大作用,对中高频脉动压力引起的振动有显著的隔振效果;隔振体系阻尼能有效减小共振区脉动压力引起的振动,对振动控制有利。     

一类非牛顿流体非线性渗流的压力波解析求解方法及波形分析

一类非牛顿流体渗流的视粘度依赖于压力梯度,且在不同的压力梯度区间内变化规律不同。其具有既不同于牛顿流体渗流,也不同于幂律流体渗流和宾汉流体渗流的非线性渗流特征。建立了该流体在多孔介质内部渗流的数学模型并利用行波法推导出了压力波的解析解。通过一系列算例分析了渗流方程控制参数对压力波形的影响,对比了该类流体与牛顿流体渗流的压力波差异。     

ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS OF HYDRODYNAMIC AND ELASTO-HYDRODYNAMIC OIL LUBRICATED JOURNAL BEARINGS

The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the effect of elastic deformation of bearing liner on the acoustic behavior of oil lubricated journal bearings.Analysis is performed for hydrodynamic(HD) and elasto-hydrodynamic (EHD) lubrications.Dynamic behavior and acoustical properties are investigated through an analysis of pressure fluctuation calculated from the Reynolds equation governing the flow in the clearance space of the journal bearing.This is solved numerically using the finite difference method with the successive over relaxation technique.In elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication,the finite element method with in iteration scheme is adopted to solve both Reynolds equation and the three-dimensional elasticity equation representing the displacement field in the bearing shell.The results show that the sound pressure level of the bearing is markedly influenced by the flexibility of the bearing liner,the viscosity of lubricant and the load applied to journal.HD analysis shows that the journal centre’s orbit,from a disturbed position,converges to the static equilibrium position faster than EHD lubrication.The results of the present paper could aid in the design of low-noise rotor-bearing systems supported by oil lubricated journal bearings.     

大型抽水蓄能电站地下厂房结构振动响应分析

某抽水蓄能电站运行后,存在较强的振动和噪声,对设备安全和人员健康造成影响。为了找出 振动的原因,建立了该抽水蓄能电站地下厂房结构三维有限元模型,对厂房整体结构及各层楼板和柱子 局部结构进行了模态分析和共振复核。利用谐响应分析方法,根据实测荷载数据分析了水轮机脉动压 力作用下厂房各部位的振动反应。计算结果表明:脉动压力作用下,楼板和立柱的振动加速度较大,主 要是由于脉动压力幅值较大,振动频率较高,且发生了局部共振。     

水电站进水塔动水压力研究和探讨

基于理想流体,将进水塔简化成水中悬臂梁体系,推导了其受迫振动时的动力响应方程,给出了进水塔内外表面动水压力的解析表达式。与有限元法、水工抗震规范公式计算结果进行了对比,分析验证了该方法在进水塔结构上的适用性及准确性。结果表明:动水压力表达式与结构振型密切相关。该方法的动水压力曲线趋势与有限元方法相似,均在水面以下某深度处迅速变大及达到最大值后曲线值减小弯回,两者最终在塔体底部收于相近的值;最大值大于有限元法,其最大值处曲线折回明显,幅度较大。弹性模量和进水塔高度对动水压力的曲线形态和数值有重要影响。同时,输入激励荷载的频率对动水压力影响巨大,尤其频率与进水塔某阶频率相近时会导致动水压力的异常增大。该方法对分析进水塔动水压力具有参考价值。     

Effects of variable fluid properties on the thin film flow of Ostwald-de Waele fluid over a stretching surface

We investigate, in this paper, the effects of thermo-physical properties on the flow and heat transfer in a thin film of a power-law liquid over a horizontal stretching surface in the presence of a viscous dissipation. The fluid properties, namely the fluid viscosity and the fluid thermal conductivity, are assumed to vary with temperature. Using a similarity transformation, the governing partial differential equations with a time dependent boundary are converted into coupled non-linear Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) with variable coefficients. Numerical solutions of the coupled ODEs are obtained by a finite difference scheme known as the Keller-box method. Results for the velocity and temperature distributions are presented graphically for different values of the pertinent parameters. The effects of unsteady parameter on the skin friction, the wall temperature gradient and the film thickness are presented and analyzed for zero and non-zero values of the temperature-dependent thermo-physical properties. The results obtained reveal many interesting features that warrant further study on the non-Newtonian thin film fluid flow phenomena, especially the shear-thinning phenomena.     

厂房尾水薄壁堰三维非线性有限元分析

通过对厂房尾水薄壁堰-基岩-河水（水压力）联合作用的三维有限元分析进一步了解薄壁堰结构的位移、应力分布，堆石体位移、应力应变分布情况，岩体应力状态及应力分布等，为门机浇筑设计方案及薄壁堰加固等处理提供科学的依据和数据。     

水中气泡溃灭的理论与数值研究

从理论和数值两个方面研究了单个气泡在自由流场中的溃灭.采用Rayleigh方程推导出一个新的球形气泡演变的解析解.基于流体体积法( VOF),在考虑表面张力、粘度和可压缩性效应的情况下,对单个纯气体泡的运动进行了三维模拟.在第一次溃灭阶段,气泡体积演变的数值结果与解析解保持一致. 数值结果表明气泡体积到达最小值后开始回弹,气泡的形状、速度场和压力场在回弹点附近发生剧烈变化.     

厂顶溢流式水电站厂房振动分析

本文以国内某厂顶溢流式厂房为研究对象,建立了动力分析有限元模型,结合厂房结构自振特性及可能的振源特性进行了共振校核。根据试验资料,利用相关分析原理推求了水流的点-面脉动压力转换系数,采用时程分析法比较了机组动荷载和水流脉动压力对结构振动响应幅值和频率特性的影响。研究表明,水流脉动压力频率与厂房结构的自振频率相差较大,不会引发厂房结构的共振;机组荷载是引起厂房结构振动的主要因素,水流脉动压力的影响较小;厂房上部结构的振动响应水平高于下部结构,因此设计中应注意上部结构的刚度突变问题。     

VISCOSITY EFFECTS ON THE BEHAVIOR OF A RISING BUBBLE

In the incompressible fluid flow regime,without taking consideration of surface tension effects,the viscosity effects on the behavior of an initially spherical buoyancy-driven bubble rising in an infinite and initially stationary liquid are investigated numerically by the Volume Of Fluid(VOF) method.The ratio of the gas density to the liquid density is taken as 0.001,and the gas viscosity to the liquid viscosity is 0.01,which is close to the case of an air bubble rising in water.It is found by numerical exp...