污水厂污泥制地砖及共性能

参照普通陶瓷砖的生产工艺，烧制污泥地砖，对其抗压、抗折、抗磨损性能、腐蚀性能及影响因素进行检测和分析，以探讨用城市污水处理污泥制造地砖的可能性。实验表明：随污泥含量增加，烧制成品的抗压强度显著下降，抗折强度略有增加。细粒径污泥粉配料有利于提高制品整体强度。采用复合材料结构可提高制品的抗压强度。成品的抗磨损性能优于普通砖的，略低于普通市售陶瓷砖的。这种地砖的水浸出液不具有腐蚀性能，且污泥中所含重金属Mn，Cu被很好固化在砖中而不能渗出。     

掺污泥灰混凝土强度特性研究

将污泥灰代替砂掺入到混凝土中,测试污泥灰混凝土的抗压强度,抗折强度,研究污泥灰混凝土的抗压抗折强度变化特点。试验得出了污泥灰含量与混凝土的抗压强度的关系曲线,污泥灰含量与抗折强度的关系。试验显示,污泥灰代替砂掺入混凝土,使混凝土的抗压强度和抗折强度均降低了,且随着污泥灰的含量的增加不断减小。在污泥灰代替砂的含量在10%以内时,混凝土的抗压强度影响较小。     

改性污泥制备泡沫混凝土的可行性研究

由于污泥在建材利用安全性方面存在较多质疑,致使污泥的建材利用一直得不到广泛推广。鉴于此,本实验对剩余污泥进行了改性处理,对改性后获得的泥渣与污泥蛋白液的特性进行了分析,同时对不同泥渣与泡沫掺量下的泡沫混凝土强度和耐火特性进行了研究。结果表明,改性污泥制备泡沫混凝土不存在安全隐患,获得的污泥蛋白发泡剂具有良好的发泡性能。制备的泡沫混凝土具有良好抗压强度、抗折强度,满足行业标准;同时泡沫混凝土的干密度、抗压强度及抗折强度都随着泡沫量的增加而降低;随着污泥渣的增加,泡沫混凝土的干密度和抗折强度下降,抗压强度则呈现先增加而后降低的趋势,在污泥渣质量分数为4%时,抗压强度最佳。耐火试验显示泡沫混凝土具有良好的耐火性能。因此,应用改性污泥制备泡沫混凝土具有较强的可行性。     

城市污泥为部分原料制备黏土烧结普通砖

用城市污泥为部分原料制备了黏土烧结普通砖。结果表明:随着污泥掺量增加,成型砖坯密实度下降;在焙烧过程,污泥中重金属熔融固化,有机物挥发,所形成的气孔和孔洞降低了砖体抗压强度及热导率。制备生坯时的最优含水率为19%～21%,经105℃干燥,960℃焙烧,所生产的黏土砖体质量较好。综合考虑制砖各工艺环节,建议将污泥掺量控制在5%(质量分数)以内,5%污泥制备黏土烧结普通砖的抗压强度达15.0MPa以上,可作为承重砖体使用,并可提高隔热保温性能。     

非厌氧消化与厌氧消化污泥制备烧结保温材料性能研究

利用几种不同污泥制备烧结保温墙体材料,对比非厌氧消化污泥与厌氧消化污泥制备烧结保温墙体材料的性能。首先分析研究原料的物理、化学性能,结果表明,重庆地区的页岩适宜作为制备污泥砖的掺配料,最佳烧成温度为950℃;污泥具有高含水率,高发热量和高烧失量等特点。其次,选择综合性能较好1#污泥和4#污泥脱水后加入页岩,进行成型烧结,测定制品的成型含水率、干燥收缩率和抗压强度等。结果表明：4#污泥制品的综合性能高于1#污泥。当非厌氧消化污泥掺量为15%,烧成温度为950℃时,试样抗压强度等级达到MU7.5,导热系数为0.3001 W/(m·K),比纯页岩降低了33.33%;当厌氧消化污泥掺量为20%,烧成温度为950℃时,试样抗压强度等级达到MU7.5,导热系数为0.2600 W/(m·K),比纯页岩降低了42.22%。分析可知,在保证强度不变的情况下,厌氧消化污泥可有效提高污泥制砖掺量。     

吸水率对陶瓷砖性能的影响

本文从破坏强度、抗釉裂性、湿膨胀和地砖摩擦系数考察不同吸水率对陶瓷砖性能的影响。考察结果为破坏强度随着吸水率增加而降低,同时需考虑坯釉适合性对破坏强度的影响;而吸水率对抗釉裂性、湿膨胀和地砖摩擦系数性能影响不大。     

膨润土对粉煤灰-城市污泥多孔陶瓷性能的影响

以粉煤灰、城市污泥为主要原料,研究了膨润土的添加量对多孔陶瓷的抗折强度、气孔率、体积密度、线收缩率等性能的影响.结果表明随着膨润土掺量的增加,样品的抗折强度和线收缩率增大,但是显气孔率和吸水率降低;膨润土的掺量对样品的孔结构分布和形貌也有明显影响.     

长英质尾矿制备透水路面砖研究

介绍了透水砖的发展前景,利用矿物聚合机理以粉煤灰和长英质尾矿为主要原料制备出一种免烧路面透水砖,同时研究了砂灰比和骨料粒径对透水砖的影响.结果表明:随着骨料粒径增大,制品的透水系数增大,劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度减小;随着砂灰比增大,制品的透水系数增大,劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度随之减小.并对透水砖结构模型和机理做了探讨,发现砂灰比会影响制品的有效空隙,进而影响制品的透水性能.     

硅烷偶联剂对复合水泥砂浆性能的影响

通过红外光谱分析及砂浆强度测试，研究了硅烷偶联剂对不同种类复合水泥砂浆的稠度、分层度、抗折强度及抗压强度的影响。结果表明，加入硅烷偶联剂能提高普通水泥砂浆、苯丙胶乳改性水泥砂浆的抗折强度和抗压强度；当硅烷偶联剂质量分数为0．5％时，普通水泥砂浆的抗折强度和抗压强度达到极大值，提高约10％；当硅烷偶联剂质量分数为1％时，苯丙胶乳改性水泥砂浆的抗折强度和抗压强度达到极大值，提高约20％；同时，硅烷偶联剂还能增大普通水泥砂浆和苯丙胶乳改性水泥砂浆的稠度，但砂浆的分层度略有增大。加入经硅烷偶联剂处理的钢纤维，能够提高普通水泥砂浆及苯丙胶乳改性水泥砂浆的抗折强度和抗压强度；当钢纤维用硅烷偶联剂质量分数为1％的硅烷偶联剂水溶液处理时，钢纤维增强砂浆的抗折、抗压强度达到极大值，提高10％以上。     

麦秸与水泥复合掺料对生土自嵌固空心砖力学性能的影响

通过对12组共180个不同麦秸及水泥掺量的生土自嵌固空心砖进行抗压抗折试验,得到了掺用两种掺料试件的抗折强度、抗压强度及荷载位移曲线.分析了生土自嵌固空心砖的破坏过程、破坏形态及荷载位移曲线,研究了麦秸及水泥掺量对该类砖抗压抗折强度的影响规律,通过强度影响系数量化了水泥对该砖的强度提高作用,在此基础上研究了水泥强度影响系数随麦秸掺量的变化趋势.结果表明:当麦秸和水泥复掺时,麦秸对生土自嵌固空心砖变形性能的改善不明显,且麦秸的掺入降低了水泥对该砖的强度提高作用.该研究结果可为生土自嵌固空心砖的力学性能的研究提供参考.     

Obtainment of porcelain floor tiles added with petroleum oily sludge

This study focuses on the processing of vitrified floor tiles incorporated with a petroleum oily sludge. Floor tile formulations containing up to 5 wt% of the petroleum oily sludge in replacement of kaolin were prepared. The tile formulations were granulated by the dry process, pressed, and fired at temperatures between 1200 and 1250 °C using a fast-firing cycle. The specimens were characterized before and after firing. XRD was used to identify the crystalline phases present during sintering and SEM was used to show how the structure changes during densification. Three parameters were used to describe densification: linear shrinkage, water absorption, and flexural strength. The results showed that the petroleum oily sludge could be used as an alternative raw material in the floor tile formulations. The densification behavior of the floor tile pieces is influenced by the petroleum oily sludge addition and firing temperature. The vitrified floor tiles produced reached the technical characteristics of porcelain floor tiles, depending on petroleum oily sludge content and firing temperature.     

废瓷砖再生骨料对砂浆及砼性能的影响

利用废弃瓷砖制备再生粗、细骨料以取代天然砂石,研究了废瓷砖再生骨料对砂浆、混凝土性能的影响;并通过劈裂实验及抗折实验,对比分析了再生骨料、天然碎石与水泥石的界面粘结性能.结果表明:在相同配比条件下,与天然砂石集料相比,废瓷砖再生骨料有利于提高砂浆、混凝土的强度,减小干缩率,但会导致工作性变差.在相同龄期条件下,不同类型骨料-水泥石的界面粘结强度均随水灰比的降低而增大.在相同水灰比条件下,废瓷砖再生骨料-水泥石界面28 d劈裂强度、抗折强度均较碎石-水泥石界面的要大,表明再生骨料-水泥石界面粘结性能更好.     

Numerical and experimental study of ion exchange in porcelain tiles

Recently ion exchange, also known as chemical tempering, has been applied to strengthening of porcelain tiles based on the substitution of ions present in the material by larger ones. This paper investigates the chemical tempering in industrial porcelain tiles by the variation of process parameters such as temperature, immersion time, and chemical composition of the porcelain tile. Furthermore, a numerical simulation of the ionic diffusion process was applied. Using a design of experiments approach, the results show that the temperature and the chemical composition primarily affected the flexural strength of the tile. The largest increment obtained was 37% resulting in a porcelain tile with flexural strength of 73 MPa after chemical tempering. Through numerical simulation, it was possible to estimate a diffusion coefficient of potassium ions equal to 1.25 × 10⁻¹⁴ m²·s⁻¹ into the porcelain tile microstructure. This value is about 10 times higher than the diffusion coefficient in glasses.     

Influence of mineralogical composition of applied ball clays on properties of porcelain tiles

Relations between quality of ball clays applied in raw materials batches for manufacture of porcelain tiles, and physical properties and microstructure of obtained tiles, were investigated. Studied clays constituted 35% of the batch, while the other components were unchangeable. Stoch index, new IR 3620/3700 index and XRIR index (Stoch index multiplied by IR 3620/3700 index), were proposed to take into account crystallinity of kaolinite and contents of illite and smectites in studied clays. Relationship between XRIR index value of clay, and water absorption and abrasion resistance of the obtained ceramic material, was found. Water absorption of the tile is also correlated with grain size distribution and bending strength of used clay. Optimal ball clay for porcelain tile production should exhibit: Stoch index - min. 4.3; IR 3620/3700 index - min. 1.2; XRIR index - min. 4.8; grain size median - max. 0.27 μm; bending strength after drying - min. 8.0 MPa.     

Direct-utilization of sewage sludge to prepare split tiles

As a type of solid waste with large quantities of pollutants, municipal sewage sludge (MSS) itself and its reclamation are becoming a growing concern of governments. In this paper, the direct-utilization of MSS to prepare split tiles is proposed and tested. Without any pretreatments such as thermokinetic drying, the crude MSS from domestic wastewater treatment plant is directly incorporated into the batch mixtures, and then wet ball-milled, filter-pressed, pug-milled, extrusion-formed, dried and fired to obtain split tiles. A series of formulation experiments and physical and chemical characterizations were carried out; the results show that the feasible maximum content of the crude MSS is as high as 60 wt%, and corresponding bending strength and water absorption of split tile samples fired at 1210 °C are 25.5 MPa and 1.14 wt% respectively. TCLP test reveals that the samples are environmentally compatible. The prospective industrial application of MSS to produce split tile will help to significantly reduce its environmental impacts.     

Experimental study on properties of pervious concrete pavement materials

In this paper, a pervious concrete pavement material used for roadway is introduced. Using the common material and method, the strength of the pervious concrete is low. Using smaller sized aggregate, silica fume (SF), and superplasticizer (SP) in the pervious concrete can enhance the strength of pervious concrete greatly. The pervious pavement materials that composed of a surface layer and a base layer were made. The compressive strength of the composite can reach 50 MPa and the flexural strength 6 MPa. The water penetration, abrasion resistance, and freezing and thawing durability of the materials are also very good. It can be applied to both the footpath and the vehicle road. It is an environment-friendly pavement material.     

干化污泥型煤抗压强度的实验研究

利用微波干燥脱水污泥制备型煤粘结剂,与粉煤混合压制成型煤。通过正交试验考察成型压力、干化污泥含水率及添加比例对型煤抗压强度的影响。结果表明：微波干化的污泥型煤较粘土型煤的抗压强度大;成型压力、干化污泥含水率及添加比例均为型煤抗压强度的显著因素,各因素优化范围：成型压力为25～30MPa,干化污泥水分为40％左右,干化污泥添加比例为20％～30％。     

提高陶瓷砖釉面硬度的途径

有釉砖具有良好的装饰效果,但是釉面硬度较低,容易出现划痕。本文概述了有釉砖的釉面硬度、耐磨性的检测方法。并通过分析影响有釉砖釉面硬度的因素．提出了通过调整配方组成、引入微晶玻璃、改进工艺制度、进行表面处理等途径可提高有釉砖的釉面硬度。