钛铁原料选择性还原与冶金新流程探索

以钒钛磁铁精矿、钛精矿和高钛渣为原料,通过碳热还原分别将铁和钛还原至金属铁和碳氧化钛,得到Fe-TiCxOy-MOx复合物。经过湿法分离提纯得到了高纯碳氧化钛。这一选择性碳热还原和湿法分离的方法为高效率利用钒钛磁铁矿等钛、铁资源冶金新流程奠定了基础。     

直接还原处理低品位钒钛磁铁精矿

在1 000~1 300℃添加少量Na_2CO_3+NaCl复配添加剂,以无烟煤做还原剂等温还原低品位钒钛磁铁精矿,再通过磁选分离获得铁精粉和钒钛渣。考察了C/Fe摩尔比、还原温度和还原时间对铁的还原、钒钛迁移富集行为以及物相转化规律的影响。结果表明,C/Fe摩尔比和反应温度对直接还原过程中有价组分迁移富集的影响很大,当C/Fe摩尔比为1.2时,在1 200℃还原2h,钒钛磁铁矿精矿的金属化率可达到92.8%,还原后钒主要富集在钛渣相中,有效实现了铁与钒/钛的分离。     

钒钛磁铁精矿低温综合利用新工艺

为了实现钒钛磁铁精矿的低温综合利用,采取碳热钠化工艺降低还原和熔分温度,考察了铁、钒、钛的富集回收情况。结果表明,钠化剂显著改善了钒钛磁铁精矿的还原及熔分效果,当钠化比为1.2时,1 100℃还原60 min即可达到90%以上的金属化率,1 250℃以上的温度下熔分后,铁的收得率达到96%,钒在铁水中的富集率为75%。熔分渣在无酸环境下经湿法处理后TiO_2含量达到77%,经还原熔分去除铁后品位可进一步提升。     

添加剂对钒钛磁铁精矿球团熔融还原冶炼的影响

对钒钛磁铁精矿预还原球团熔融还原冶炼中添加剂的影响进行了研究,并对渣型制度进行了优化。熔融还原渣碱度、添加剂氧化镁和氧化铝对钒钛磁铁精矿的熔融还原作用明显。在添加剂作用下,1 500℃电炉冶炼10min后的熔融还原产物为含96.9%铁、0.52%钒的生铁,以及含66.13%TiO_2的熔融还原渣,实现了钒钛磁铁精矿冶炼中铁钒和钛的有效分离。     

钒钛磁铁精矿预还原球团电炉冶炼研究

对攀西钒钛磁铁精矿球团电炉冶炼进行研究,通过还原剂作用和优化的熔融还原电炉参数,可实现钒钛磁铁精矿球团冶炼过程中铁和钒钛的分离回收,其中钒被还原后富集到生铁中,而钛富集在电炉冶炼渣中。当渣型碱度(CaO/SiO2)为1.1时,还原球团的金属化率为70%,在1 500℃熔融还原10min后,生铁中铁品位为97.96%,铁回收率可达98.81%,生铁中含钒0.36%,钒回收率可达62.42%,试验过程中炉渣流动性好。     

钒钛磁铁矿加工利用研究现状及发展趋势

钒钛磁铁矿作为一种富含铁、钒、钛的特色矿产资源,综合利用价值高。从钒钛磁铁矿的选矿富集和钒钛磁铁精矿的冶金分离层面,论述了钒钛磁铁矿的加工利用研究现状。在选矿富集方面,开发新型选矿设备和药剂、优化选矿工艺,能够获得合格的钒钛磁铁精矿,并阐述了选矿指标难以进一步提高的原因。在冶金分离方面,通过分析对比各工艺的研究现状及优缺点,解释了各类非高炉工艺无法推行工业化生产的原因,并提出流态化预还原-电炉熔分法是未来实现钒钛磁铁精矿高效利用的重要研究方向。     

钒钛磁铁矿加工利用研究现状及发展趋势

摘要：钒钛磁铁矿作为一种富含铁、钒、钛的特色矿产资源,综合利用价值高。从钒钛磁铁矿的选矿富集和钒钛磁铁精矿的冶金分离层面,论述了钒钛磁铁矿的加工利用研究现状。在选矿富集方面,开发新型选矿设备和药剂、优化选矿工艺,能够获得合格的钒钛磁铁精矿,并阐述了选矿指标难以进一步提高的原因。在冶金分离方面,通过分析对比各工艺的研究现状及优缺点,解释了各类非高炉工艺无法推行工业化生产的原因,并提出流态化预还原-电炉熔分法是未来实现钒钛磁铁精矿高效利用的重要研究方向。     

碳酸钙对钒钛磁铁精矿直接还原-熔分的影响

 钒钛磁铁精矿在配加石墨还原剂和碳酸钙的条件下进行预还原和熔分。试验研究了碱度（碳酸钙的加入量）以及冷却工艺对直接还原和熔分的影响。反应后的样品用XRD和化学分析法进行分析。结果表明：在低碱度范围内[(R=0～0.7)],碱度的增加有利于钒钛磁铁精矿的直接还原和熔分。熔分温度为1 600 ℃,熔分时间为20 min,试验样品在碱度为0.5时熔分状态良好,渣中几乎不带铁。空冷有利于提高渣中黑钛石的含量,但不利于镁铝尖晶石相的析出;缓冷有利于渣中镁铝尖晶石相的析出,但会使渣中黑钛石的含量有所降低。     

煤基直接还原-球磨磁选分离钒钛磁铁精矿中铁的研究

在添加硼砂的条件下进行了煤基直接还原-球磨磁选分离钒钛磁铁精矿中铁和钒钛的研究。试验中分别考查了还原温度、还原时间、磨矿细度和磁场强度对钒钛磁铁精矿的还原磨选行为的影响。结果表明,在1 050℃下还原100 min,磨矿细度为-0.045 mm占84.88%以及磁场强度800 Gs时,钒钛磁铁精矿通过还原-球磨磁选后获得的铁精粉品位高达90.32%,铁回收率达到95.20%,可用于电炉炼钢;其尾矿为富钒钛料,可用于钒钛回收利用。     

用磁选的方法从含钛高炉渣中回收碳氮化钛

采用冶炼钒钛磁铁矿产生的含TiO2 20%～26%的高炉渣为原料,通过对渣中的钛氧化物进行还原碳化和氮化处理生成碳氮化钛后,利用铁作为载体,用磁选的方法实现碳氮化钛和脉石矿物的分离.磁选后获得Ti(C,N)品位大于36.46%,回收率达到43.77%的碳氮化钛精矿.     

Beneficiation of Titanium Oxides From Ilmenite by Self-Reduction of Coal Bearing Pellets

The study on the beneficiation of titanium oxides from Panzhihua ilmenites by reduction of coal bearing pellets was carried out. The iron oxides in pellets were efficiently reduced to metal iron, and titanium oxide slag beneficiated was separated from metal iron. The effect of temperature, flux and coal blending ratio on the reduction and separation was investigated, and rational parameters were determined. A new process for the beneficiation of titanium oxides by rotary hearth furnace （RHF） was proposed.     

转底炉直接还原铜渣回收铁、锌技术

采用转底炉直接还原工艺,将铜渣含碳球团在高温条件下直接还原得到金属化球团和高品位氧化锌粉尘,再通过熔分或磨矿磁选方式将铁回收,得到的铁产品可作为冶炼含铜钢的原料.转底炉中试结果表明:采用"转底炉直接还原—燃气熔分"流程处理铜渣,可获得TFe品位94%以上、铁回收率93%以上的熔分铁水;采用"转底炉直接还原—磨矿磁选"流程处理铜渣,可获得TFe品位90%以上、铁回收率85%以上的金属铁粉;采用两种流程处理铜渣,均可获得锌品位60.02%的ZnO粉尘.结果表明,经过转底炉直接还原,铜渣中的铁橄榄石Fe_2SiO_4和磁铁矿Fe_3O_4相转变为含有金属铁Fe、二氧化硅SiO_2和少量辉石相Ca(Fe,Mg)Si_2O_6的金属化球团,具备通过磨选或熔分进行进一步富集的条件.     

钛铁矿高效利用新技术研究和开发

 通过研究钛铁矿的还原热力学可知,钛铁矿的还原难度大于普通铁矿。动力学研究表明,通过粉体细化,可以加速钛铁矿的还原速度;用碳还原钛铁矿的最佳温度应选择在900～1100℃。金属铁的渗碳有利于铁的晶粒长大,铁中的渗碳量越高,越有利于金属铁的聚集;外场对铁晶粒长大有明显作用,为金属铁与钛渣的充分分离提供了最佳条件。通过晶粒长大技术将还原后的细微铁晶粒长大到一定粒度,通过简单破碎和磁选,即可得到钛渣和铁产品。开发的钛铁矿高效利用新技术具有反应温度低、无需高温熔分等特点,从而实现高效率、低能耗及低成本生产钛渣和铁产品。     

Solid-phase prereduction of iron-vanadium concentrates and liquid-phase separation of the products of their reduction

The transformations that occur in ore grains during solid-phase carbon reduction of the metals from the iron-vanadium concentrates formed upon the beneficiation of the titanomagnetite ores from Southern Ural deposits are studied. Upon heating to 1000°C, the solid solution in titanomagnetite grains decomposes with the formation of magnetite and ilmenite; the reduction of iron begins in the temperature range 1080–1110°C, and the reduction of titanium begins at above 1215°C. The reaction mixture should be held at 1250°C for 45 min to ensure almost complete iron reduction and the minimum degree of titanium reduction. For rapid separation melting, this procedure results in vanadium-containing cast iron (0.43–0.5% V) with <0.15% Ti and a slag with 42–43% titanium oxides.     

高钛渣碳热还原—浮选法提取Ti_2CO

通过高温碳热还原分别将高钛渣中的钛和铁还原至富钛相物质Ti2CO和金属铁,并使其中的熔渣相MOx不被还原,然后选用油酸作为捕收剂对Ti2CO/MOx模拟混合原料开展了浮选研究。结果表明,采用该工艺从还原产物中得到了产率79.88%、Ti2CO回收率87.74%的浮选效果。     

陕西某低品位钒钛磁铁矿资源综合利用新工艺研究

陕西某钒钛磁铁矿资源,TFe品位为15．85％,TiO2品位2．94％、V2O5品位0．14％,属尚难利用低品位钒钛资源。通过采用新型ZCLA选矿机进行粗粒湿式抛尾,再采用弱磁选回收钒钛磁铁矿,强磁选一重选工艺回收钛铁矿,最终实现该矿铁、钛、钒资源的综合利用,钒钛磁铁矿产率13．37％,品位可达到60．18％～65．27％,磁性铁回收率达到98％以上,钛铁矿产率1．94％,钛铁矿回收率84．09％以上,铁精矿含V2O5富集到0．89％～0．93％,改变了矿山只能回收铁资源的现状,开创了钒钛铁资源综合回收的新工艺。     

Comprehensive Utilization of Complex Titania Ore

 To fully utilize Panzhihua titanium resources, a new process was proposed. In the process, Panzhihua ilmenite concentrate was first reduced in a rotary hearth furnace (RHF) to produce a titanium rich material and iron. The titanium rich material was then used in a new chlorination process to produce TiCl4. The comparison of different groups of experimental results or calculation results showed that the utilization ratio of material was improved by using the titanium rich material after pretreatment other than low level titanic ilmenite directly and the combined fluidized beds (FTF) were more likely to reduce bed height and reaction time than the single fluidized beds (Single F or Single T) under the condition of the same chlorination conversion ratio. Finally, the influence of reduction temperature and the anti agglomeration capacity of the combined fluidized bed was analyzed.     

Possibilities of two-stage processing of titaniferous magnetite ore concentrates

The technique and results of laboratory studies of the two-stage processing of the iron-vanadium and ilmenite concentrates produced from the titaniferous magnetite ores of Southern Ural deposits are presented. The processing includes solid-phase reduction of iron and separation melting of the reduction products. The optimum temperature-time parameters of the processing stages, which provide the most complete recovery of iron into a metallic phase at the maximum titanium oxide content in a slag, are found.     

Reduction of metals from vanadium converter slag by means of carbon and silicon

A method of alloying steel with vanadium by means of vanadium converter slag is considered. Thermodynamic analysis of the reduction of the oxides in vanadium slag during ladle treatment of the steel permits determination of the process parameters. The reduction of elements from oxides present in vanadium slag-in particular, vanadium, iron, and manganese-is evaluated in terms of the residual content of the corresponding oxides. It follows from thermodynamic calculations and experiments that, with optimal proportions of the reducing agents, relatively complete reduction of vanadium (98–99%) and iron from vanadium converter slag by carbon and silicon is possible, with limited reduction of titanium and manganese.     

30MVA直流电弧炉冶炼钛渣配碳比研究

工业生产中,为生产出合格的钛渣必须加入适量的碳作为还原剂,将高价氧化物还原为低价氧化物。云南某公司30 MVA大型密闭直流电弧炉(DC炉)生产运行过程中,通过控制无烟煤用量与钛精矿用量之比——配碳比(ratio of anthracite to ilmenite,简称AIR),使生产在输入能量一定、钛精矿成分稳定的条件下力求获得良好的产品品质。生产通过中空石墨电极将钛精矿和无烟煤加入DC炉内,熔炼温度控制为1973～2023 K;熔炼输入功率为15 MVA;入炉钛精矿粒度为0.1～0.33 mm;入炉无烟煤粒径为5～25 mm的比例大于85%。理论上熔炼还原1 t钛精矿,将会产出526 kg渣和368 kg金属铁,O/I比率约为89.4%,理论配碳比约为7.895%。通过生产物料衡算得出,一定熔炼周期内的AIR平均值为12.228%,O/I比率平均值为81.317%。在配碳量不足的情况下,钛精矿中的FeO易于离解出氧并与碳结合,使FeO还原反应优先于TiO2等氧化物,碳最大可能的消耗在FeO的还原上;配碳量越高,则碳将用于还原难还原的氧化物(如MgO,CaO,MnO等)上,使FeO的还原受到抑制。配碳比还会影响DC电炉熔渣流动性和挂渣层。试生产熔炼周期内,通过调整AIR,实现了钛渣中TiO2品质的提高,其含量可从82%提高到89%以上。